Amiss Wrong , defective

Bowled over Affected / overcome

Laid-back Relaxed
Chapter 11 – 20
Prudent Wise
Adverse Unfavourable
pristine Clear , pure
Amelioration Improvement
Bloke Man
Frequented Went to
Boozing Drinking
Lousy Terrible
Prudent Careful
Rife Widespread ( existing in many places)
Destitute Broke
Slender Skinny
Opponent (mainly used in sports) Enemy / rival
Commence Kick-off / opening / start
Struck Hit
Depletion Reduction
Confined Limited / bounded
Affiliated Associated
Concerted Coordinated
Pooled Combine
Depreciate Devalue
Curtail Cut short / decrease
Retorted Answered
Inevitable Certain / cannot be avoided
Demography Study of human population
Conifer Naaldboom
Respite Pause
Agile Athletic
Nimble Smart
Scoff Make fun of
Harangued Lectured
Resolved Decided
Swear Promise
Scrounge Borrow
Craved Wanted to eat
Was seething Very angry
Yank Pull
Unearthed Found
Flouted Ignored
Fleeting Brief
Rapture Extreme happiness
Elation Extreme happiness
Transient Temporary
Ephemeral Momentary
Invasive Nosy/intrusive
Virulent Deadly / poisonous
Idyllic Perfect
Picturesque Attractive
Yearned Desire strongly
Fleck Mark with sports
Tinge Color
Robust Healthy , strong
Yap bark
Bleat Sheep sound
Purr noise
Enigma a person or thing that is mysterious or
difficult to understand.
Decisive settling an issue; producing a definite result.
Sceptical not easily convinced; having doubts or
reservations.
Gullible easily persuaded to believe something;
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Environment Collocations

Fossil + fuel
Severe + famine / shortages
Pristine + environment / ice cap
Finite + resources
Greenhouse + gases
Water + shortages / resources
Population + density / change
Melting + ice cap
Life + expectancy

Phrasal verbs with noun collocations

- Blurt out a problem , a secret
- Bottle up a problem , emotions
- Choke back tears , emotions
- fend off criticism , blows , accusations
- keep up appearances
-shoot down an argument, accusations
-sweep aside an argument , accusations , criticism
-tease out a problem , a secret
-tone down criticism , accusations
-whip up rage , emotions

Phrasal verbs with ‘go’

-Went down with flu
-Go in for competition
-Watching the tide go out
-The milk went off because I forgot to put it in the fridge
-Ebb = go out
-fetch = go for
-become ill with = go down with
-explode = go off
-match = go with
-go sour = go off
-examine = go over / through
-manage without = go without
-go to your head = something that you have achieved goes to your head, it makes you too
--proud: Fame and fortune had gone to his head
-If you go on record or if you are on record as saying something, you say it publicly and
officially and it is written down. Announcing, informing & stating = go on record
-To start talking about something that is only slightly or indirectly related to the original
subject She went off on a tangent about what happened to her last summer = go off on a
tangent
-To succeed in doing something = make a go of something
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Collocations with ‘’slow’’

slow growth
slow pace
slow signs
slow process
slow decline
slow lane

Collocations: Nouns with adjective

Fast lane – the quickest but most competitive route to success
a quick buck – earn money fast
Fast track – the quickest line in e.g. airport check-in
Brisk nod – a quick move of the head in acknowledgment
Swift denial - a public announcement to say that something isn’t true, given quickly to
prevent media interest.
rapid response – answering / reacting quickly
quick catnap – brief sleep, usually during daytime

Phrases

Set the wheels in motion do something to begin a process or put a

plan into action.
Set the world on fire do something remarkable or sensational
Set the scene describe a place or situation in which
something is about to happen.
Set out your stall display or assert one's abilities or position.
Set your heart on have a strong desire for or to do.
Set the record straight give the true version of events that have
been reported incorrectly.
Set a dangerous precedent Establish a usage, tradition, or standard to
be followed in the future. 
Set in stone no longer changeable; "the agreement is
not yet set in stone" 
Set your sights on have as an ambition; hope strongly to
achieve or reach.
Set your teeth on edge (especially of a harsh sound) cause
someone to feel intense discomfort or
irritation.
Pull your weight Work as hard as other people in a group
Pull your socks up Improve your behaviour or work
Pull the other one! You don’t believe what someone has just
said to you
Pull the strings Control people or an organisation
Pull a fast one Trick someone
Run rings around Beat or do better than someone
Run the risk of Do something although something bad
might happen because of it
Run counter to Have the opposite effect to something else
Run a tight ship Manage something efficiently
Nice turn of phrase the ability to express yourself well
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Give someone the cold shoulder
Blurting out
Idioms
Cast my net
Bolt from the blue
Time on her hands
Calling the tune
Carrying a torch for
Rolled up her sleeves
At death’s door
Giving me the cold shoulder
Get a grip
Grasp the nettle
Get to grips with
Play right into hands
Up for grabs
The final nail in the coffin
To call a spade a spade
To go down the tubes
A weak link in the chain
To blow a fuse
With no strings attached
To get your wires crossed
To shoot your bolt
To get into gear
To twist the knife
Lived it up
Live up to your expectations
Live down
Lived through
Lived by his wits
A golden handshake
Cut their teeth
Progress up the rungs
A mixed blessing
Dog-eat-dog
The slightest whiff of
Snapped up
A track record
The jury’s still out
To intentionally ignore someone or treat
someone in an unfriendly way
to say something suddenly and without
thinking, usually because you are excited or
nervous
Look around for someone else
A total surprise
Plenty of free time
In charge
In love with
Behaved very practically
Very ill
Ignoring me
Take charge , get in control
Tackle a difficulty boldly
to begin to understand or deal with
(something, such as a problem) in a direct
or effective way
To unwittingly do exactly what someone
wants or needs in order for their plans or
schemes to succeed.
available
Something that has finally caused failure
To speak directly
To fail
Unreliable part of something , usually used
of people
To lose your temper
Unconditional
To misunderstand
To fail
To start to deal with something effectively
To deliberately make someone feel worse
Had a good time
Everything you wanted
Forget
Experienced
Cleverly manage to survive through your
ingenuity
Financial reward for long service
Get experience
Climb the career ladder
Good and bad
Fiercely competitive
A tiny bit of
Recruited immediately
Evidence of previous success
People haven’t decided
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A quantum leap Huge improvement

Quick fixes Apparently simple and instant
solutions( which don’t succeed)
Keep their heads down Avoid trouble by behaving in a quiet way
Bleeding red ink To be struggling financially
Green shoots Sign of growth of recovery especially of
economic recovery
Blue chips company denoting companies or their shares
considered to be a reliable investment,
though less secure than gilt-edged stock.
White goods Large electrical goods such as fridge and
washing machines
Golden hello A substantial payment made by an
employer to a keenly sought recruit
White knight A person or thing that comes to someone’s
aid
Be on cloud nine When one is blissfully happy
Through rose-tinted spectacles  rose-coloured glasses, they only notice the
good things about them and so their view is
unrealistic.
In my book In my opinion
Put yourself on the line or lay yourself on the line, you do
something that has big personal risks for
you, especially for your job or reputation.
Tip the balance Be the deciding factor; make the critical
difference.
Set your sights on … Be determined to …
Sang a different tune/ changed his tune Took back his words
To be on cloud nine A state of perfect happiness
Make ends meet  To have enough money to cover expenses;
to get by financially; to get through the pay
period
Cut corners do something perfunctorily so as to save
time or money.
Down and out (of a person) without money, a job, or a
place to live; destitute.
Keep your head above water avoid succumbing to difficulties, typically
debt.
Feel the pinch experience hardship, especially financial

On a shoestring A small or inadequate budget

Tighten your belt
A rough ride
To set the record straight
To raise any objections
I don’t want to get heavy here
A satisfying ‘vesuvius effect’
Some young gung-ho dad
cut one's expenditure; live more frugally.
If you say that someone faces a rough ride,
you mean that things are going to be
difficult for them because people will
criticize them a lot or treat them badly
To tell the truth
To mind
I don’t want to start being too serious here
A volcano-like eruption
Some young dynamic father
Chapter 11 – 20

Suffixes

Caution Cautionary
Collapse Collapsible
Detest Detestable
Honour Honorary / honourable
Labour Laborious
Loathe Loathsome
Hypocrisy Hypocritical
Philosophy Philosophical
Repel Repulsive
Tenacity Tenacious
Theatre Theatrical
Virtue Virtuous
volunteer Voluntary
Determine Indeterminate
Decide Decidedly
Close Disclose
Ally Alliance
Crux Crucial
Out Outcomes
Road Inroads

Noun Verb Adjective

Predator To be prey (on) Predatory
Predation
Prey
Demography X Demographic
Sustainability Sustain Sustainable
X Domesticate Domestic
Conifer X Coniferous
Diversity Diversify Diverse
Diversification
Evolution Revolutionised Evolutionary
Inevitability X Inevitable
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Prepositions

Object To
Typical On/against/for
Vote on
Care for
Take pride In
Prohibit From
Interfere In
Admire For
Apologise To / for

Nouns

Used of men Used of women Used of both

-bounder -bag -actor
-charmer -bimbo -chairman
-geek -duchess -chav
-lout -vamp -freshman
-Neanderthal -mate
-nerd -partner
-patriarch -sibling
-thug -spouse
-whizz kid

Adjectives

Used of men Used of both

Chivalrous -Bullish
Effeminate -doting
-Laddish
-Lanky
-prickly
-wimpy

Word formation

Agreeable ( adjective) Disagreeable

agree
disagree
agreement
agreeably
Imaginary (adjective) Imagine
imagination
unimaginable
unimaginably
image
imaginable
Expectations (plural noun) Expect
unexpected
expected
Chapter 11 – 20

unexpectedly
expectant
Reality Real,
realise,
realism,
unreality,
unreal,
realistic,
realistically,
surreal,
surrealism
Enthusiasm Enthusiastic
Enthusiastically
unenthusiastic
unenthusiastically
enthuse
Measure Immeasurable
measurement
measurable
measureless
measured
Dismissive Dismiss
dismissal
dismissively
Clearly Clear
clarity
clarify
unclear
unclearly
Transform Transformer
transformation
transformed
untransformed
Introductory Introduce
introduction
Excuses Excusable
inexcusable

Words and their opposites

Articulate Inarticulate
Brazen Modest
Callous Compassionate
Fickle Steadfast
Flawed Impeccable
Garrulous Taciturn
Trustworthy Treacherous
Unflappable Panicky
Rebellious Conventional
Spunky Spineless
Passionate Apathetic