Experiment -1: Effect of pH on adsorption

Initial concentration = 100 mg/L

pH Adsorption (mg/g) RE%

2 6.08 70.16
4 8.51 98.23
6 8.54 98.6
8 8.54 97.8
10 8.37 96.63
12 7.71 89

Experiment-2: Effect of contact time

Adsorption (mg/g)

Time(min) 20 mg/L t/qt 100 mg/L t/qt

5 1.99302 2.50875556 9.11121 0.4187724 0.54877453
10 1.95888 5.10495794 9.21852 0.3114624 1.08477283
20 1.93205 10.351699 9.29901 0.2309724 2.15076659
30 1.959534 15.3097624 9.28193 0.2480524 3.23208643
60 1.99497 30.0756402 9.21852 0.3114624 6.50863696
90 1.9857 45.3240671 9.25753 0.2724524 9.72181565
120 1.975045 60.7581093 9.29901 0.2309724 12.9045995
180 1.977972 91.0022993 9.399 0.1309824 19.1509735
240 1.8823 127.503586 9.5299824 25.1836771

Experiment-3: Effect of initial concentration

Adsorption (mg/g)

Initial Conc (mg/L) 15C (288K) 25C (298K)

20 2 2
50 5.04 5.01028
 100 9.59 9.51606
200 18.9273 18.51657
400 27.3254 26.70106

C s io n s r e m o v a l e f fic ie n c y
800 12.39617 10.84058

Experiment-4: Effect of Temperature

120
100
Removal % 80
60

Temp 20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L 40 20

20
15 288 100 98.8591436 68.3944962 100
0
25 298 100 98.0798486 66.8317955 288 400 298 308
Temperature (K)
35 308 100 97.3258053 62.2901671

Thermodynamic study

T(K) ci Cf R% Ci-Cf Ci-Cf/Cf

288 97.0236 94.9464644 98.8591436 2.0771356 0.02187691
298 97.0236 94.1903644 98.0798486 2.83323563 0.03007989
308 97.0236 93.4586666 97.3258053 3.56493336 0.03814449

1/T lnKd -5.2

-5.3
0.0032 0.00325 0.0033 0.00335 0.0034 0.00345 0.0035
0.00347222 -6.12490846
-5.4
0.0033557 -5.80648359
-5.5
-5.6
0.00324675 -5.568959 f(x) = − 2468.8338756119 x + 2.45745354200323
-5.7 R² = 0.995852473672874
-5.8
-5.9
-6
-6.1
-6.2

ΔG ΔH ΔS
14.482 288
14.272 20.53 0.021 298
14.062 308
Experiment 5: Effect of competetive ions

Cs adsorption (mg/g)
Na/K concentration Na K
5 1.99121 1.99
25 1.9795 1.9595
50 1.9594 1.8845
100 1.9128 1.6
200 1.8262 0.93
300 1.7562 0.5278

Cs adsorption (mg/g)
Na/K concentration Na K
5 1.99121 1.99
25 1.9795 1.9595
50 1.9594 1.8845
100 1.9128 1.6
200 1.8262 0.93
300 1.7562 0.5278
 20 mg/L 20.0394
50 mg/L 50.4124
100 mg/L 97.0236
200 mg/L 199.6226
400 mg/L 399.5263
800 mg/L 802.1783

Removal %

400 mg/L t/qt Time(min) 20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L

21.41365 0.233496 5 99.45507351 93.9071524 53.59759796
24.25246 0.412329 10 99.77514297 95.013172 60.7030375
25.66699 0.779211 20 96.41256724 95.54276403 64.2435554
27.10103 1.106969 30 97.784065539 95.6667243 67.839061
26.67179 2.249568 60 99.55238181 95.01317205 66.7585337
26.81812 3.35594 90 99.0697931 97.4765933 67.1247925
26.79861 4.477844 120 98.55809056 95.84276403 67.0759597
26.09622 6.897551 180 98.7041528 96.87333803 65.31790263
25.26702 9.498548 240 93.92995798 95.85115374 63.242444861

Removal %

35C (308K) Initial Conc (mg/L) 15C (288K) 25C (298K) 35C (308K)
2 20 100 100 100
5.0237 50 100 99.38586538 99.6520697
 9.4429 100 98.85914355 98.0798486 97.32580526
18.3361 200 94.81541669 92.7578841 91.8538281
24.88656 400 68.39449618 66.8317955 62.29016713
10.11397 800 15.98653214 13.52059098 12.608132133

288 298 308

20
100
100 100 100
400
98.85914355 98.07985 97.3258053
288 298
68.39449618 308 62.2901671
66.8318
Temperature (K)

Ci-Cf/Cf*0. lnKd 1/T

0.1 0.002188 -6.1249085 1 0.0034722222
0.1 0.003008 -5.8064836 1 0.0033557047
0.1 0.003814 -5.568959 1 0.0032467532

33 0.00335 0.0034 0.00345 0.0035

.8338756119 x + 2.45745354200323
52473672874
Initial = 20 OK
Cs adsorption Cs removal %
Na/K concentraNa K
5 99.36 99.44
25 98.78 97.78
50 97.78 94.04
100 95.45 79.85
200 91.13 46.41
300 87.64 26.34

Initial 40

Cs adsorption Cs removal %
Na/K concentraNa K
5 99.36 99.44
25 98.78 97.78
50 97.78 94.04
100 95.45 79.85
200 91.13 46.41
300 87.64 26.34
 Modified value

20 mg/L t/qt 100 mg/L t/qt 400 mg/L

5 1.93302 2.586626 9.11121 0.548775 21.41365 0.233496
10 1.95888 5.104958 9.21852 1.084773 24.25246 0.412329
20 1.96205 10.19342 9.29901 2.150767 24.86699 0.804279
30 1.97953 15.15511 9.28193 3.232086 25.10103 1.19517
60 1.98497 30.22716 9.21852 6.508637 27.67179 2.168273
90 1.98857 45.25865 9.45753 9.516227 27.81812 3.235301
120 1.99505 60.14887 9.29901 12.9046 27.52861 4.359101
180 1.99797 90.09144 9.499 18.94936 27.89622 6.452487
240 1.99823 120.1063 9.52998 25.18368 27.90702 8.599987
 First Order Kinetics log(qe-qt) = logqe-k1t/(2.023)

For 20 mg/L t

20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L t Log (qe-qt)

(qe-qt) Log (qe-qt) (qe-qt) Log (qe-qt) (qe-qt) Log (qe-qt) 5 -1.1856857997925
0.06521 -1.1856858 0.41877 -0.378024 6.49337 0.81247 10 -1.4050552633049
0.03935 -1.405055263 0.31146 -0.506598 3.65456 0.562835 20 -1.4415314374762
0.03618 -1.441531437 0.23097 -0.636444 3.04003 0.482878 30 -1.7281583934635
0.0187 -1.728158393 0.24805 -0.605461 2.80599 0.448086 60 -1.8774564759313
0.01326 -1.877456476 0.31146 -0.506598 0.23523 -0.628507 90 -2.0150228735845
0.00966 -2.015022874 0.27245 -0.564713 0.0889 -1.051098 120 -2.4975728800156
0.00318 -2.49757288 0.23097 -0.636444 0.37841 -0.422037 180 -3.5850266520292
0.00026 -3.585026652 0.3098 -0.508919 0.0108 -1.966576

5
10
20
30
60
90
120
180
 Pseudo Second order
qt) = logqe-k1t/(2.023)
t/qt
Log (qe-qt)
t/qt
Log (qe-qt) Log (qe-qt) 20 mg/L
-0.37802443803 5 1.93302 2.586626
-0.50659772074 10 1.95888 5.104958
20 1.96205 10.19342
30 1.97953 15.15511
60 1.98497 30.22716
90 1.98857 45.25865
120 1.99505 60.14887
180 1.99797 90.09144
240 1.99823 120.1063
kinetics
30
f(x) = 0
R² = 0.
t 25
t/qt *20 (mg/L)
t/qt t/qt 5
100 mg/L 400 mg/L 10 20
9.11121 0.5487745316 21.41365 0.233495924329 20
9.21852 1.0847728269 24.25246 0.412329305976 30 15
9.29901 2.150766587 24.86699 0.804279086452 60
9.28193 3.2320864303 25.10103 1.195170078678 90 10
f(x) = 0
9.21852 6.5086369612 27.67179 2.168273176401 120 R² = 0.
5
9.45753 9.5162267527 27.81812 3.235301307206 180
9.29901 12.904599522 27.52861 4.359101313143 240
0 f(x) = 0
9.499 18.949363091 27.89622 6.452487111157 R² = 0.
0 2 4
9.52998 25.183683491 27.90702 8.599986670021
 Intraparticle difussion mode
30
f(x) = 0.421704245682183 x + 22.6562492376696
R² = 0.730804005716482
25 t/qt *100 (mg/L) t/qt *400(mg/L)

20 t t1/2 20 mg/L 100 mg/L

Column BB
Linear (Column BB) 5 2.236068 1.93302 9.11121
15 Column BC 10 3.162278 1.95888 9.21852
Linear (Column BC)
20 4.472136 1.96205 9.29901
10 Column BD
Linear (Column BD) 30 5.477226 1.97953 9.28193
f(x) = 0.02660906020618 x + 9.10967354321926
R² = 0.753884302880842 60 7.745967 1.98497 9.21852
5
90 9.486833 1.98857 9.45753
120 10.95445 1.99505 9.29901
0 f(x) = 0.00423769791688 x + 1.94347524241292
R² = 0.790854408675098 180 13.41641 1.99797 9.499
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
240 15.49193 1.99823 9.52998
rticle difussion model

400 mg/L
21.41365
24.25246
24.86699
25.10103
27.67179
27.81812
27.52861
27.89622
27.90702
140

120 Second order kinetics

100
f(x) = 0.499845115549702 mg/L
x + 0.16549668340978
R² = 0.999997806366843
100
Column D
80 Linear (Column D)
t/qt
Column E
60t 20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L Linear (Column E)
5 2.586626 0.548775 0.233495924328641
Column F
10
40 5.104958 1.084773 Linear (Column F)
0.412329305975559
20 10.19342 2.150767 0.804279086451557
20 f(x) = 0.104935509934229
30 15.15511 3.232086 x + 0.094733354834126
1.19517007867805
R² = 0.99986183270767
60 30.22716 6.508637 2.16827317640095
0 f(x) = 0.035494677733557 x + 0.073549142725026
90 45.25865 9.516227
R² = 0.999892058659535 3.23530130720552
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
120 60.14887 12.9046 4.35910131314294
180 90.09144 18.94936 6.452487111157
240 120.1063 25.18368 8.59998667002066

First order kinetic

20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L

t Log (qe-qt)Log (qe-qt)Log (qe-qt)
5 -1.185686 0.418772 0.812470150197581
10 -1.405055 0.311462 0.562835096458057
20 -1.441531 0.230972 0.482877869388415
30 -1.728158 0.248052 0.448086118954438
 60 -1.877456 0.311462 -0.6285072914241
90 -2.015023 0.272452 -1.05109823902979
120 -2.497573 0.230972 -0.422037395294995
180 -2.56813 0.130982 -1.96657624451305

1.5
1
0.5 f(x) = − 0.014594462311337 x + 0.71927476938438 Column D
0 f(x)
R² ==0.868184100589735
− 0.001007212092915 x + 0.334230428481382 Linear (Column D)
-0.5 0 R² =
20 0.560815777331979
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Column E
-1 Linear (Column E)
-1.5 Column F
f(x) = − 0.007811004464053 x − 1.33699322807265
-2 R² = 0.915993286976391 Linear (Column F)
-2.5
Intraparticle diffusion model
-3

t t1/2 20 mg/L 100 mg/L

5 2.236068 1.93302 9.11121
10 3.162278 1.95888 9.21852
20 4.472136 1.96205 9.29901
30 5.477226 1.97953 9.28193
60 7.745967 1.98497 9.21852
90 9.486833 1.98857 9.45753
120 10.95445 1.99505 9.29901
180 13.41641 1.99797 9.499
240 15.49193 1.99823 9.52998

30
f(x) = 0.421704245682183 x + 22.6562492376
R² = 0.730804005716482
25

20

15

10
f(x) = 0.02660906020618 x + 9.109673543219
R² = 0.753884302880842
5

0 f(x) = 0.00423769791688 x + 1.943475242412

R² = 0.790854408675098
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1
 10
f(x) = 0.02660906020618 x + 9.109673543219
R² = 0.753884302880842
5

0 f(x) = 0.00423769791688 x + 1.943475242412

R² = 0.790854408675098
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1

Initial Pseudo firs- order kineti

Cs+ model
concentr qe,exp (mg/g))
ations qe, cal
(mg/l) (mg/g)
20 0.262
100 1.3968
400 2.05299

First Order kinetic model Intra particle diffusion mo

2o mg/L: Y= -0.0078 X-1.337 R2= 0.916 2o mg/L: Y= 0.0042X+1.94
100 mg/l: Y= -0.001X+0.3342, R2= 0.5608 100 mg/l: Y= 0.0266X+9.1
400mg/L: Y= -0.0146 X+0.7193 R2= 0.8682 400mg/L: Y= 0.4217 X+22

Second order kinetic model

2o mg/L: Y= 0.4998X+0.1655 R2= 1.0
100 mg/l: Y= 0.1049x +0.0947 R2= 0.9999
400mg/L: Y= 0.0355 X+0.0735 R2= 0.9999
 t/qt (g min /mg)

nD
140
(Column D)
nE 120
(Column E)
nF 100
(Column F)
20 mg/L
80

60

40 100 mg/L
20
400 mg/L
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
t (min)
log (qe-qt)

1.5
1 100 mg/L
0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
 0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-0.5
-1
400 mg/L
-1.5
-2 20 mg/L
-2.5
-3 t (min)

Column D
Linear (Column D)
Column E
Linear (Column E)
Column F
Linear (Column F)

30

25 400 mg/L
qt (mg/g)

400 mg/L 20
21.41365
24.25246 15
24.86699
25.10103
10
27.67179 100 mg/L
27.81812
27.52861
5
27.89622 20 mg/L
27.90702 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
t 1/2 (min1/2)

45682183 x + 22.6562492376696
5716482

Column F
Linear (Column F)
Column G
Linear (Column G)
Column H
6020618 x + 9.10967354321926 Linear (Column H)
2880842

9791688 x + 1.94347524241292
8675098
10 12 14 16 18
 Column H
6020618 x + 9.10967354321926 Linear (Column H)
2880842

9791688 x + 1.94347524241292
8675098
10 12 14 16 18

Pseudo firs- order kinetic Pseudo-second order kinetic

Intra particle diffusion model
model model
qe, cal K2 (h) Kid
K1 (h) R2 R2 C R2
(mg/g)
0.01796 0.916 2 1.511 1 0.0042 1.9435 0.7909
0.002303 0.5608 9.615 0.1142 0.9999 0.0266 9.1097 0.7539
0.03362 0.8682 28.0169 0.0017 0.9999 0.4217 22.656 0.7308

Intra particle diffusion model

2o mg/L: Y= 0.0042X+1.9435 R2= 0.7909
100 mg/l: Y= 0.0266X+9.1097 R2= 0.7539
400mg/L: Y= 0.4217 X+22.656 R2= 0.73078
 140

120

100 20 mg/L
80

60

40 100 mg/L

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

1.5

0.5 f(x) = − 0.014594462311337 x + 0.71927476938438

R²
f(x)= =0.868184100589735
− 0.001007212092915 x + 0.334230428481382
0
180 200 0
R² = 0.560815777331979
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-0.5

-1

-1.5 f(x) = − 0.007811004464053 x − 1.33699322807265

R² = 0.915993286976391
-2
 0.5 f(x) = − 0.014594462311337 x + 0.71927476938438
R²
f(x)= =0.868184100589735
− 0.001007212092915 x + 0.334230428481382
0
180 200 0
R² = 0.560815777331979
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-0.5

-1

-1.5 f(x) = − 0.007811004464053 x − 1.33699322807265

R² = 0.915993286976391
-2

-2.5

-3

30
f(x) = 0.421704245682183 x + 22.6562492376696
R² = 0.730804005716482
25

20

15

10
f(x) = 0.02660906020618 x + 9.10967354321926
R² = 0.753884302880842
5

f(x) = 0.00423769791688 x + 1.94347524241292

0 R² = 0.790854408675098
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
1337 x + 0.71927476938438
35
2915 x + 0.334230428481382
79
80 100 120 140 160 180 200

4053 x − 1.33699322807265
91
1337 x + 0.71927476938438
35
2915 x + 0.334230428481382
79
80 100 120 140 160 180 200

4053 x − 1.33699322807265
91

2376696

321926

241292
14 16 18
 Effect of time

qe (mg/g)
5 1.93302 9.11121 21.41365 30
10 1.95888 9.21852 24.25246
25
20 1.96205 9.29901 24.86699
30 1.97953 9.28193 25.10103 20
60 1.98497 9.21852 27.67179
90 1.98857 9.45753 27.81812 15
120 1.99505 9.29901 27.52861
180 1.99797 9.499 27.89622 10
240 1.99823 9.52998 27.90702
5

0
0 50 100

t (t
50 100 150 200 250 300

t (time )
 Langmuir isotherm
Initial Conc (mg/L) 15C (288K) 25C (298K) 35C (308K)
Ci Ce Qe Ce Qe Ce Qe
20 0.0394 2 0.0394 2 0.0394 2
50 0.3724 5.04 0.3096 5.01028 0.1754 5.0237
100 1.1236 9.59 1.963 9.51606 2.5946 9.4429
200 10.3496 18.9273 14.4569 18.51657 16.2616 18.3361
400 50.2703 34.9254 54.5157 34.50106 59.3607 34.01656
600 164.2383 43.2018 167.2911 42.8965 185.3043 41.0952
800 290.1423 51.2036 292.6363 50.9542 302.0498 50.01285

15C

Ce qe ce/qe Ce ce/qe
0.0394 2 0.0197 0.0394 0.0197
0.3724 5.04 0.073889 0.3724 0.073889
1.1236 9.59 0.117164 1.1236 0.117164
10.3496 18.9273 0.546808 10.3496 0.546808
50.2703 34.9254 1.439362 50.2703 1.439362
164.2383 43.2018 3.801654 164.2383 3.801654
290.1423 51.2036 5.666443 290.1423 5.666443

25C (298K)

Ce Qe Ce/qe Ce Ce/qe
0.0394 2 0.0197 0.0394 0.0197
0.3096 5.01028 0.061793 0.3096 0.061793
1.963 9.51606 0.206283 1.963 0.206283
14.4569 18.51657 0.780755 14.4569 0.780755
54.5157 34.50106 1.580117 54.5157 1.580117
167.2911 42.8965 3.899878 167.2911 3.899878
292.6363 50.9542 5.743124 292.6363 5.743124
 35C
Ce Qe Ce/qe Ce Ce/qe
0.0394 2 0.0197 0.0394 0.0197
0.1754 5.0237 0.034915 0.1754 0.034915
2.5946 9.4429 0.274767 2.5946 0.274767
16.2616 18.3361 0.886863 16.2616 0.886863
59.3607 34.01656 1.745053 59.3607 1.745053
185.3043 41.0952 4.509147 185.3043 4.509147
302.0498 50.01285 6.039444 302.0498 6.039444

Freundlich isotherm

15C

Ce qe Log Ce Logqe
0.0394 2 -1.4045037782 0.30103
0.3724 5.04 -0.4289903277 0.702431
1.1236 9.59 0.05061173053 0.981819
10.3496 18.9273 1.01492356514 1.277089
50.2703 34.9254 1.70131147699 1.543141
164.2383 43.2018 2.21547444108 1.635502
290.1423 51.2036 2.46261104944 1.7093
 25C (298K)

Ce Qe LogCe Logqe
0.0394 2 -1.4045037782 0.30103
0.3096 5.01028 -0.509199048 0.699862
1.963 9.51606 0.2929202996 0.978457
14.4569 18.51657 1.16007517697 1.267561
54.5157 34.50106 1.73652159295 1.537832
167.2911 42.8965 2.22347283682 1.632422
292.6363 50.9542 2.46632819709 1.70718

35C (298K)

Ce Qe log Ce Log qe
0.0394 2 -1.4045037782 0.30103
0.1754 5.0237 -0.755970411 0.701024
2.5946 9.4429 0.41407041375 0.975105
16.2616 18.3361 1.21116327416 1.263307
59.3607 34.01656 1.77349901364 1.53169
185.3043 41.0952 2.26788549727 1.613791
302.0498 50.01285 2.4800785525 1.699082

Temkin isotherm

15C
 Ce lnCe qe
0.0394 -3.233989 2
0.3724 -0.987787 5.04
1.1236 0.116538 9.59
10.3496 2.336948 18.9273
50.2703 3.917414 34.9254
164.2383 5.101318 43.2018
290.1423 5.670371 51.2036

25C (298K)

Ce Qe
0.0394 -3.233989 2
0.3096 -1.172474 5.01028
1.963 0.674474 9.51606
14.4569 2.671172 18.51657
54.5157 3.998489 34.50106
167.2911 5.119735 42.8965
292.6363 5.678931 50.9542

35C (298K)

Ce Qe
0.0394 -3.233989 2
0.1754 -1.740686 5.0237
2.5946 0.953432 9.4429
16.2616 2.788807 18.3361
59.3607 4.083632 34.01656
185.3043 5.221999 41.0952
302.0498 5.710592 50.01285

-4
 -4

D-R isotherm

15C
Ce Add 1 1/Ce 1+1/ce
qe ϵ2 ln qe 0.0394 1 25.38071 26.38071
2 61404422 0.693147 0.3724 1 2.685285 3.685285
5.04 9754204 1.617406 1.1236 1 0.889996 1.889996
9.59 2323294 2.260721 10.3496 1 0.096622 1.096622
18.9273 48774.52 2.940605 50.2703 1 0.019892 1.019892
34.9254 2224.404 3.553214 164.2383 1 0.006089 1.006089
43.2018 211.2606 3.765882 290.1423 1 0.003447 1.003447
51.2036 67.87162 3.93581

4.5

3.5

3 f(x) = − 4.3050641124
R² = 0.649706178617
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 10000000 2000
 25C (298K)
Ce Add 1 1/ce
Ce qe ϵ2 lnqe 0.0394 1 25.38071
0.0394 2 3.99E+09 0.69314718056 0.3096 1 3.229974
0.3096 5.01028 1.03E+08 1.61149180176 1.963 1 0.509424
1.963 9.51606 13062543 2.25298089759 14.4569 1 0.069171
14.4569 18.51657 6553895 2.91866600688 54.5157 1 0.018343
54.5157 34.50106 5945570 3.5409900482 167.2911 1 0.005978
167.2911 42.8965 5802052 3.75879023752 292.6363 1 0.003417
292.6363 50.9542 4810.643 3.93092719003
4.5

3.5

3
f(x) = − 5.9241
2.5 R² = 0.538588

1.5

0.5

0
0 100000

35C (298K)

Ce qe lnqe ϵ2 lnqe Ce Add 1

0.0394 2 0.693147 3990046869.31 0.693147 0.0394 1
0.1754 5.0237 1.614167 257464413.988 1.614167 0.1754 1
2.5946 9.4429 2.245263 11004373.6501 2.245263 2.5946 1
16.2616 18.3361 2.908872 6460119.69286 2.908872 16.2616 1
59.3607 34.01656 3.526847 5928100.03776 3.526847 59.3607 1
185.3043 41.0952 3.715891 5795351.45825 3.715891 185.3043 1
302.0498 50.01285 3.91228 5771330.08891 3.91228 302.0498 1

4.5

3.5

3
f(x) = − 6.05921
2.5 R² = 0.5686185

2
 4

3.5

3
f(x) = − 6.05921
2.5 R² = 0.5686185

1.5

0.5

0
0 1000000
 20 mg/L 20.0394

50 mg/L 50.4124
100 mg/L 97.0236
200 mg/L 199.6226
400 mg/L 399.5263
800 mg/L 802.1783
600 mg/L 596.2563
Ce/qe (g/L)

6
f(x) = 0.019634251194716 x + 0.217603527909499
R² = 0.988518454750754
5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ce (mg/L)

7
Ce/qe (g/L)

6
f(x) = 0.01958474027829 x + 0.269714286150638
5 R² = 0.985835687392874
4
3
2
1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ce (mg/L)
 1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ce (mg/L)

7
6 f(x) = 0.020165308157343 x + 0.300091889286094
R² = 0.981742405825129
5
Ce/qe (g/L)

4
3
2
1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Ce (mg/L)

f(x) = 0.362014569207876 x + 0.874127023568124

1.6
R² = 0.987196519629603
Log qe

1.2

0.8

0.4

0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
log Ce
 0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
log Ce

1.8
f(x) = 0.361658696708697 x + 0.85240390630275
R² = 0.994836229065051.6

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

1.8
f(x) = 0.344908692133972
1.6 x + 0.860046993088742
R² = 0.986753993818746
1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

60

50

f(x) = 5.66357975738944 x + 13.1014343175316

40
R² = 0.927121349336094
 60

50

f(x) = 5.66357975738944 x + 13.1014343175316

40
R² = 0.927121349336094

30

20

10

0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

60

50

f(x) = 5.52673403477177
40 x + 12.4967985500694
R² = 0.898337517856691

30

20

10

0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

60

50

40
f(x) = 5.15612783818626 x + 12.6937632834794
R² = 0.886048476489676
30

20

10

0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
 20

10

0
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

ln (1+1/ce)R T ϵ= RTln(1+1/ce) ϵ2
3.272633 8.314 288 7836.09738602473 61404422.24
1.304348 8.314 288 3123.17202903656 9754203.523
0.636575 8.314 288 1524.2354198542 2323293.615
0.092235 8.314 288 220.849548129334 48774.52291
0.019697 8.314 288 47.1635860995325 2224.403854
0.00607 8.314 288 14.5348067358409 211.2606068
0.003441 8.314 288 8.23842352655916 67.8716222

3 f(x) = − 4.30506411240413E-08 x + 3.13320530440909

R² = 0.649706178617137
5

0
0 10000000 20000000 30000000 40000000 50000000 60000000 70000000
 1+1/ce R T ϵ= RTln(1+1/ce)
26.38071 8.314 288 63166.817786802
4.229974 8.314 288 10128.3854883721
1.509424 8.314 288 3614.21396637799
1.069171 8.314 288 2560.05754904578
1.018343 8.314 288 2438.3538793852
1.005978 8.314 288 2408.7449670377
1.003417 8.314 288 69.3588024993304

4.5

3.5

3
f(x) = − 5.92419882713715E-10 x + 3.02144755977634
2.5 R² = 0.538588225977958

1.5

0.5

0
0 1000000000 2000000000 3000000000 4000000000 5000000000

1/ce 1+1/ce R T ϵ= RTln(1+1/ce) ϵ2

25.38071 26.38071 8.314 288 63166.81779 3990046869
5.701254 6.701254 8.314 288 16045.69768 257464414
0.385416 1.385416 8.314 288 3317.284077 11004373.65
0.061495 1.061495 8.314 288 2541.676552 6460119.693
0.016846 1.016846 8.314 288 2434.768991 5928100.038
0.005397 1.005397 8.314 288 2407.353621 5795351.458
0.003311 1.003311 8.314 288 2402.359276 5771330.089

4.5

3.5

3
f(x) = − 6.05921651706653E-10 x + 3.03018703183827
2.5 R² = 0.568618544655811

2
 4

3.5

3
f(x) = − 6.05921651706653E-10 x + 3.03018703183827
2.5 R² = 0.568618544655811

1.5

0.5

0
0 1000000000 2000000000 3000000000 4000000000 5000000000
2.5 3
2.5 3
 20 mg/L 100 mg/L 400 mg/L
5 1.93302 9.11121 21.41365
10 1.95888 9.21852 24.25246
20 1.96205 9.29901 24.86699
30 1.97953 9.28193 25.10103
60 1.98497 9.21852 27.67179
90 1.98857 9.45753 27.81812
120 1.99505 9.29901 27.52861
180 1.99797 9.499 27.89622
240 1.99823 9.52998 27.90702