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Study Guide
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
d.
e.
f.
7. Explain the store and forward The frame is read and stored in memory
method of switching in detail. before being sent to the destination device
8. What is the advantage of store and
It makes sure that frames aren’t damaged
forward switching?
9. What is the disadvantage of
advantage of store and forward It introduces high latency
switching?
10. Explain in detail the two
Fast Forward- forwards all packets without
different cut-through methods of
reading the CRC value
switching.
Fragment Free- forwards a frame after the first
Fast-forward –
64 bytes are received. Very high latency.
Fragment-free -
Store and forward because the speed of
11. Which switching method do most
today’s technology is as good as cut through
Cisco Switches rely on? Explain why.
switching
12. What basic security features
should be applied to switches to
ensure that only authorized people Physically secure devices
access them? Use Secure Passwords
a. Enable SSH Access
b. Monitor access and traffic
c. Disable HTTP Access
d. Disable unused ports
e. Enable port security
f. Disable telnet
g.
h.
13. Explain why physically securing
networking devices is important and Physically securing them limits access to
what steps can be taken to accomplish authorized network staff
this goal.
Complete Lab Activity 3.1.4 Remember to answer lab questions!!!
14. Redundancy refers to having two
3. different pathways to a particular You can connect switches together with two wires
2 destination. How is redundancy into two ports on each
accomplished with multiple switches?
15. What advantages are gained by
this redundancy between switches? Reduces congestion
a. Supports availability
b. Balances load
c.
16. Explain what switching loops are Causes duplicate frames to be sent throughout a
and how they can create problems in a network. A switching loop happens when there is
redundantly switched network. more than one path between two switches.
17. Explain in detail how Multiple MFT’s destination hosts can receive multiple copies
Frame Transmissions and MAC of frames and can waste: bandwidth CPU time and
Database Instability can negatively potential duplication of transaction traffic.
affect a network. It is possible for switches in a redundant network to
learn the wrong information about the location of a
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
Multiple Frame
host. If a loop exists, one switch may associate the
Transmissions - destination MAC address with two separate ports.
MAC Database Instability -
Complete Packet Tracer Activity
Remember to answer lab questions!!!
3.2.1
STP is a protocol that disables redundant links in
18. Explain spanning tree protocol
switched networks providing redundancy without
(STP)? creating loops
19. Explain what is required to set up
Cisco switches start looking for loops from the
Spanning Tree protocol on a Cisco beginning when they start up
switch?
20. List what STP does to prevent Forces certain interfaces into a standby or blocked
switching loops. state
a. Leaves other interfaces in a forwarding state
b. Reconfigures the network by activating the
c. appropriate standby path, if the forwarding path
becomes unavailable
21. The Root Bridge is the primary
switch or focal point in the STP
topology. The root bridge Network topology information sent to all other
communicates with the other switches switches from another
using Bridge Protocol Data Units
(BPDUs). What are BPDUs?
22. What information is contained in a
BPDU? Identity of the source switch
a. Identity of the source port
b. Cumulative cost of path to root bridge
c. Value of aging timers
d. Value of the hello timer
e.
23. As the port cycles through these
states, the LEDs on the switch change
from flashing orange to steady green. 50 seconds
How long does it take for this cycle to
complete?
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
24. As a switch powers
on, each port cycles through a series of
four states: blocking, listening, Blocking
learning, and forwarding. A fifth state, Steady Amber
disabled, indicates that the Receives BPDU’s
administrator has shut down the switch Discard Data Frames
port. List what takes place during each Does not learn addresses
Takes up to 20 seconds to change to listening state
of the first four states.
Blocking –
Listening
a.
Blinking Amber
b.
Listens for BPDU’s
c.
Doesn’t forward frames
d.
Doesn’t learn MAC Addresses
e.
Determines if switch has more than one turning
Listening –
port that might create a loop
a.
-if loop returns to the blocking state
b.
-if no loop transitions to learning state
c.
Takes 15 seconds t transition to learning also
d.
called forward delay
1.
2.
Learning
e.
Blinking Amber
Learning –
Processes BPDU’s
a.
Learns MAC addresses from received traffic
b.
Does not forward frames
c.
Takes 15 seconds to transition to forwarding
d.
e.
Blinking green
Forwarding –
Processes BPDU’s
a.
Learns MAC addresses
b.
Forwards frames
c.
d.
27. STP designates three types of Root Port- port that provides the lowest cost back
ports: root ports, designated ports, and to the root bridge
blocked ports. Explain each: Designated Port- a designated port is a port that
Root Port - forwards traffic toward the root bridge but does not
connect the least cost path
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
Designated Port -
Blocked Port- forwards no traffic
Blocked Port -
28. Explain in detail why a network
technician should plan and evaluate A network technician needs to plan the order so he
the network in order to select the best can allow for optimal use even when he makes the
switch to become the root of the network larger
spanning tree.
Complete Lab Activity 3.2.3 Remember to answer lab questions!!!
29. How often does STP send out
Every 2 seconds
BPDUs by default?
show spanning-tree - Displays root ID, bridge ID,
and port states
30. List and briefly explain useful
commands used to verify spanning show spanning-tree summary - Displays a
tree operation. summary of port states
a. show spanning-tree –
b. show spanning-tree summary show spanning-tree root - Displays the status and
configuration of the root bridge
–
c. show spanning-tree root – show spanning-tree detail - Displays detailed port
d. show spanning-tree detail – information
e. show spanning-tree interface
– show spanning-tree interface - Displays STP
f. show spanning-tree interface status and configuration
blockedports –
show spanning-tree blockedports - Displays
blocked ports
Complete Lab Activity 3.2.4 Remember to answer lab questions!!!
31. Hosts and servers that are Switches flood broadcasts out all ports, which
connected to Layer 2 switches are part consumes unnecessary bandwidth. As the number
of devices connected to a switch increases, more
of the same network segment. This
3. broadcast traffic is generated and more bandwidth
arrangement poses two significant
3 problems. They are:
is wasted.
Every device that is attached to a switch can
a. forward and receive frames from every other
b. device on that switch.
It allows an administrator to group together
32. What are virtual local area stations by logical function, by project teams, or by
networks (VLANs) created to do? applications, without regard to physical location of
the users.
33. VLAN’s have two major functions,
Contains broadcasts
these are:
a. Groups devices
b.
34. What is required for traffic to move
A layer 3 device
from one VLAN to another?
35. What is required to set up a static
Assignment of ports from an administrator
VLAN?
36. Explain in detail what a Dynamic it requires you to be in a VMPS server to connect
VLAN membership is and how it you to the certain VLAN and it acts like you are in a
operates. certain branch of a network
37. Complete Activity.
38. What is the purpose of the default It is used to access and configure the switch
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
VLAN1? remotely and to exchange information with other
network devices
show vlan
Displays a detailed list of all of the VLAN numbers
and names currently active on the switch, along
with the ports associated with each one
Displays STP statistics if configured on a per VLAN
basis
39. Explain the purpose of the
following commands. show vlan brief
show vlan - Displays a summarized list showing only the active
show vlan brief - VLANs and the ports associated with each one
show vlan id id_number -
show vlan name vlan_name - show vlan id id_number
Displays information pertaining to a specific VLAN,
based on ID number
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Discovery 3 - Chapter 3 Reading Organizer
Complete Packet
Remember to answer lab questions!!!
Tracer Activity 3.5.2.3
Complete Packet Tracer Activity
Remember to answer lab questions!!!
3.5.3
51. What are the recommended best
practices for configuring VLANs in an Organizing server placement
enterprise network? Disabling unused ports
Configuring the management VLAN as a number
a.
other than 1
b. Using VLAN Trunking Protocol
c. Configuring VTP Domains
d. Reboot any new switch entering an established
e. network
f.
Complete Packet Tracer Activity
Remember to answer lab questions!!!
3.5.4