Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N8A C..1 Tes Li8Rary Cwai W Fi8R, 331.5: Ctcf5
N8A C..1 Tes Li8Rary Cwai W Fi8R, 331.5: Ctcf5
N8A C..1 Tes Li8Rary Cwai W Fi8R, 331.5: Ctcf5
CtCf5
UNITEDSTATES
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
/ National Oceanicand
Atmospheric Administration
/ National
Service
Weather
~of
N8A~
c..1 ~tes Li8rary
Ga_-
..T..
1320 Seuttl OIx;eHChway. R88m S2t 4668
CWai
W FI8r,* 331.5
4. CLIPER (Neumann, 1972). Stepwise mu1tip1e screening regression
~JHC-72 except t also uses the "perfect prog'l and MaS (model
equations.
7 NMC Mf_M MODEL (Hoverma 1e, 1975). A ten-level baroclinic model
\~hich uses a moving fine mesh (MFM) grid nested within the
Generation
using historical tropical cyclone data as input. Resu1ts over the past
several years have shown that SHIFOR and official intensity forecasts have
VERIFICATION
2
The initia position error in Table is the difference between the operational
initia position and that determined during post analysis (best track position).
The forecast displacement error is the vector difference between the forecast
andfa1 prediction errors for the official forecasts are given in Tables 2a
and 2b. These are defined as the distance from the predicted andfa point
cases where a storm either crossed an island or made landfal when predicted
to remain offshore, the error was designated as the distance from the andfa
storms are given in Table 3a. A summary of warning lead times for the period
1970-1982 for hurricanes only and for both tropical storms and hurricanes is
given in Table 3b. The length of time between the ssuance of the warnings
and the time that the center crossed the coast, as determined from the "best
track,.. was taken as the warning lead time. A more complete discussion of
cations for individual storms from 1970-1977, can be found in the 1977 Annual
DATA SUMMARIES
The best track, initial, and forecast positions for 1982 named
storms are in Table 5, along with initial position and forecast errors, and
3
Table 6 ists a1 ce~ter fix positions and intensity evalu
symbolic code for interpreting the Data Messages, revised this year,
as Appendix A.
AC KNO~JLEDGMENTS
Ms. Mary Watson, who drafted the pressure/time graphs; Mr. Frank Mar
who did al reduction work on the graphs and tables; and Mrs. Teresa
and Ms. Mary Ellen Dell, who typed the tables and manuscript.
te
REFEREr~CES
Lawrence, M. B., P. J. Hebert, and Staff, NHC, 1979: "Annual Data and
Verification Tabulation Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1977,'1
NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-8, 46 pp.
I
~
INTRODUCTION
materials have been furnished by the NOAA National Earth Satellite Services
(NESS) Miami Office, and the CARCAH (Chief Aerial Reconnaissance Coordination,
al Hurricanes).
OBJECT_'::!E_FORECAST
TECHNI QUE~
and 24-hour old 1000 700 and 500 mb data, and includes
(1972) so that the initial wind field near the storm would
~l
.
VI
~
-C
0
u
>-
-u
10
U
C-
O
I-
..c
~
VI
"0
C
10
~
\J
c..
0I-
N
OJ
C"I
~
0
In
~
U
CO
l-
I-
~
~
~
,-
C')
7
"J
.
}
-~
..,
~
t-
J o..
W
~
c 0
c
0
"0
..~..
a .0.
...~
-c
1M ".
...'" 0.-
.0
8
0 ..~. ...
..1M
.o'
...o.
-c...
c..."
u..
1M0
1M 0_" 1M
"""
DD
-oc-
'c u
1M
-- 1M o.'" .
0
- M-
...
0
... 8
~IM ~
:... :w
c... C'"
..~...
1M...
-..D.
00
u'"IMO 1M'"
u~
0 0
...W
U _0
08
. u
...
0
#0" <3.~ ...
8
0 C\J 1/1
.
QJ
~
t-
a:
w
tD
-
Q)
Q")
Q)
-
-
0
u
>-
u
-1 c: IC
~ ~ .-
U
Q.
J 0
I-
OJ <.0 ...
C N
0 CO
0
U I -
0'\
~ C\J aJ
~
~ 0 .-E
r. 1/\
>
'-aJ
;j
1/\
1/\
'-0-aJ
1/\
aJ
3
0
.oJ
~
.
0)
~
~
~
La..
0 0
0 0">
0 0">
~
(8lt'J) 3~nSS3~d
~ a
1901 GMT 6/2/82 1631 GMT 6/3/82 1831 GMT 6/4/82
1004 MB 985 MB 1005 MB
ERNESTO
Figure 4 continued.
16
Table Verification of 1982 tropical storm and hurricane forecasts.
FORECASTDISPLACEMENTERRORS(N.MI.)
12 HR 24 HR 48 HR 72 HR
19
Table 2a. Landfa1 prediction errors for 1982 tropical storms and hurricanes.
Following is a 1 ist of landfall prediction errors for tropical storms and hurri-
canes during 1982. Each error represents the distance (in nautical miles) from
the predicted landfall point determined from the "Official" forecast issued 24
hours prior to landfall to the actual landfall point determined from the Best
Track. Only tropical storms and hurricanes are included. In some cases the
storm crossed an island when predicted to pass offshore. In such cases, the
perpendicular distance from the landfall point to the forecast track is taken
as the landfall prediction error.
20
~-
"' VI -I:
q) ~ V1
-~ L.
0 :J
c-
OJ.!:.
.c
0
C
~
q)
E
~
U'\
"' .-
3~
U'-
01-
c;
.-\I-
IV 0
N
-
- -
OJ
C;-O
L. c:
~ C'"\
~-
IV IV
\1-\1-
~
~
!J'
C
Q)
to
0
r-..
0'1
I
N
-
N
0 0
4J
~
VI .-U
!::},c; .- VI I..
I..
I-
Q) 0
E c.
L.
VI
OJ
.-
C
:I:
=-
N
co
0"\
-
c
"--"
0 C c:(
~\I- I-
C; ttJ
IV~ :::
-
III
III ~ 4J
c.U'
I->-U'.- ttJ
C-'
-~ to
C
'+- to II!
"0
C E -
-
1/1
~
-J
0
~II!CO
...c-
0 OJ 0"'1
-
~
0
c
-J
...
1/1
In
-.-r--.
IV~O"'I
U~-
IV
UO
I a:>
-CXJ
N
.-0 ..c
aJ
3
.-:I
o.:I:
~ ... 0
u
0
-J V1
~
0
~~
I- C
IVN ..-
~ -
-
--
N
-CO
-=: -
-0"'1 U'\ "-"'
OJ ~
E"-
.-~
;-
~
t: -
N
N
OJ..J
... ~
~"-
0 0 0"
- - ,
~
~
4-
m
'"'- ~
"' ~
~
""
~
C
~
~
-m
c
E
~
c:
"' ~
c: -'"
. .
co I-
>-- . . 0
I-
~
Lo-
a co
~
. . . . '".
U"J V) V)
-0
.c
01~
Q)"o
C
co co
~
z
0
::)
z
0
"--'
C-
O
l-
:;)
a
--
:z
::>
0
z
v-
.-E III
~
U-J f- I- III
"tJ
",
U
OJ
E
to .0
. 10
V
-J
~
0
Z
1=
~
0
\- - >- .-
V1 >-
0
...
~
t'"\
V
V
C'!
10
~
t-
.Q
0
~
V)
-<11
..0
c( ~
~
OJ
I-
.c
U
..0
..0
0
Q)
Q)
c:
I-
LU
.0
IT1
I-
l-
~
V
>
-
c
E
~
1
"<'
co
"<' ~
(g 0
'"
i=:'
--
~
U
'" '"
...J
I.L
t.J
Z
< N
0
Z
t.J
"'
."'.oJ
~ ~
on ~ .oJ 0
:0 X -
Z
~
(/)-
x: ~
---
E-o~
~~
~~F11 '"
~ a) ~
'"0\0 ...
:3~~
o~---
...J~
r»
0- '"
a) a)
0\
0\
0\
0\
0\
~
N
~ Q
0- ~~
~z~ , '"
~
H < Z ~
H Q E-o ,
~ 0
'"0 '"
'"
0
-0
'"U .<S~~
><E-oH--- I
-0
...
~ ~ ,.
~
'"
...
"
'"...
<1/
C
::; ~
'"
t1
0
~
U
-<
e..
II)
r.J 1 ..,
::I
Z ~
.., -0
I
c..
~
g,.
t.J
C/)
N
I
..u Q
0
N
g< N
t/)
0
N '"f;J
-c I .-4 I
C-
o
N
I ~
~
~
N
I
0\ '"
0
~
OJ
.Q
~
on
~ II = '"... .. ".
,-j
tU
U i-' :t: 0)
.c
0- 00
-.;
..0 .c
".
0
~ ".
... 0)'"
c: "'.c'"
"'000
co
0-';=
-...
..;
0
...
0
~
'"=.c",;r
MOM~
t.J ..: ~
'"' C/O ;.. ~
-D
~ toJ
~
... ~
~ = '" ~ ~
=
=
r.I
I '"
.;r '" S
-.: 00 u Q r.I M 0 ...
~=O
S
"""'"
;r
0\0""
..
;>,
~
"'~CO
'" u
0)""
~ ""=0-
COCO0
.,..,.'"
U U ".
0-"""
0 ". "
... '"' ..." '"
OJ
g I N
",.c
II
II U
~ ~
~
e-o ...~:C'"
I~
~
~
;"0,
Of) "
"'- . 0
<"'z
U"'~
::!
e U~
'" 00
Z3 I 000000
""""'O...",
;:, -J~ CO)~~
S
7
N !-OZ
.~ '""""""'co
r-. <0 ""MM~o--o
-J~ MMMNNN
c
0-
,
N
a)
~
~
::
;:)
...,
.0
I
N
;:,
... :x
~
-'"
a-
...
0 ~
'" CJ
~
~
C Z
... 0 <
..
...
OJ
~-'
~ 5
-"
...
Co
'"'
~
c '"
:I
C
.0
,,~
c ,..
0 >,
'"
-; OJ
...
'" "
0 <J
c c.
""
...0
"" '"'
OJ'"
"a)
::'"
~= ..0
~ '"
~ ...
.." 0
~
= .. ..-
.'"
.. ~
z
~ '" ~
" u
.."
'"
..0
" :n
~
...
... ~'"
xw
"'~ o.J:n
<
=OJ '"'
C
~:.;
~ '-
'" '-'5
:.J
UI
>'" :.J
""' Z:Q
,.
.Q
;..
"'-
<~
~z
21
~
II ~NO\O\N"""""",
~""",O\""""'N=- N
;-.:;)Z
~ 0
"'~
<=z I"""""""""
~~'-'
'" I
~ ~3 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'" 00 ~~~ON~~~CMOM~~M~~~~~
~ ~'-',~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-,
N """0
;-.Z I
~~oooocc~oooooo:;)OOO~
~~~~~~~~OM~~NNN~~~~N
j~ ~~~~_~~~NNNNNNNNNNNN
i ~N-0'"
~... INN.r\-:rO'",.-",.-:c-:r.r\
...c~ ...
"':
<:z
.
i~~:;~O"-'-~~~~;:::
~'"'~
'"c .
~ ~~ o~oo~ocoo~~ooooocoo~
~ z ~
00 O~~~~~N~~~~~~O~NNN~N
=- ..J~ ~""""'~"'-3-3-3-3-3-3-3~-3~~~~~
C
~
I .~ ~~~OO~OOOOO~~O~~~~~O
'"~ ...Z
<0 -3-3~~~~~~~O~~O~O~~~~-
~~ ~~~~~~~~~N~~NNNNNNNN
~
0
'"
N
;-o~= ~~~~~~~~~~O~NO~O <X)...
a- '"<=z'" . ~~~O~~~~~~~~~N~~
~...~... ...
~
~ ~'-J~
0:: .
~ ~
=~
~~
~O
Z 3
I ~~O~~O~~NO~OO~OO~O~O
~~ I NNNMMMMM~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~ON~~~O~OM~~~~~~~~
~
'" C
::I .~ ~~O~~~OO~~O~O~~OOOMM
-.:.
I
..,.
N &-
<0 Z
~~ I
I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OOOOO
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NNNNN
...
~
:=. I
, NN~~~~N~~~NN~~~~~M
..: ~~ a-1D
~ 0'" ~~~~N~~NN~~~ ~~~~~ ..,
N
'"...~:O:
~ . ~
<"'z
(.) --
~
::J
~
~
~
~ ~3 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~
~
~
0
00
~~
~~~=O~~~~==O~N~~~~~~
NNNN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:n
<:
1~ ~zl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~
<0 I ~~~-~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~N
~~~~~~~~~~~===~~~~~O
...
~
~
::>
~
z
0 ~
~ .
I"c ~C~~M=~N~C~M~~~~~~
'"""'
...0"" ~ ~-' N.-.N~~NMM .-;...;
'" :.:z
~ .
f.~:=.
I
~ ~~i~~~~~N~~~OO~~N~OC==N
< % ~
%%00 I ~~~~~~ON~~~~~OON~~~~
-,.. .
O~~~iNNNNNN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I
<-
~ Eo-
~~
i
.~:~~~o~~o~~o~~o~~o~~~~
~~~f
0
l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~;~~~~~~~--~~-~~~~~~-~
~
~'-'~
"oJ Z :-
~~~~~~~~~o~~~o~~~~~~ ...
~~~~~~O~~~~~~OO~N~~~
~3~ ""~NNNN~""~""'"""""~~~~~~~ --
%
0--
on
"'o--Z
~ ~~~~~~O~~ON~~~~~O~~~
~
"'<"
=-J~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-~~~~-~~~-~~~~~~~~-~
~on
~:.J
:.Jon
.- <
w
;""'
3
.- ~ ~~
>~
~~ ~O~N~O~N~O~N~O~N~C~N ~
-
:;
~
-~
~O
;-~
<
~OO~~OO~~OO~~~O~~OC~
~~~~~OOOO~~~~~~~~N~~
".~~~N"',",,","':""\"""""'COO~==O
<~
%~
:.J::I
};%
-= !:I
24
MN
0\
N
-'"'"'
~
~
='
'"~
~
~
;n
N
I
'"
;n
,.. ~...
-4
B
~
'"8.
<
CJ
,..
0-
g:
e--
..;r..;r
N
'-'
~
z
~
~ :!)
0
OJ
~
~
~'"
~,.,
:.J'"
-~
cu ~ I
o~
E-o:..
uc
"' ~--i :.J
...
;..;..'
--x'
OoJU I
N~C-oNOO
""""CO""""
>~
'"
I OO-"'""""
OJ
z::
~
;..~ , <~
~ :';:=1
zz
25
cn~~
~o
= -Je-,~ON~"'Oe-,O
<=
~~OO-J=-;x)""o-""C'
-J""""NN N"""""" "'
'"~O
u:::z
~ ~
~ ;:' ,. ~ 00,,",0000000,,",0000
-Z3
= -~ OMa-N :x3-oM...N MN-o
:9: ::J~ "'-o""""~""""""",,,":":,,,",,,"M
...~
N ...Z
00",,00000""0",,0000
r-. <0
..J~
O","""""""""""",~""","-o,,,"a-
MM,.,M""","","","":"'","""""""
"" . ~
0"'- O...O,",""""""'MO"""""
N""""N~"'NM""NOOa-'"
"'...
-D-O"
..:
",c.:z
c.: . -O"NNN""NMMNNMMM'"
N
U;.JZ
~ ~
~
0 .
t:. ,,~ oooooooooo~~o~coooo '"
z~
~ 00 ~~4~4~~~~~4~~~~O~~O
::J --'~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4~~~
9 0
-; .~ ooooooooooooo~~oo~o
~ ...z '"
-:r <0 =~MM~O~~~~~~~N~O~~~
--'~ NMMM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'"
..~:
'" ~ z. 1; O~~~O~N~~N~O~~~~~~
~~~N~N~~N~~~~~O~~~
O\~
.,.,
< ~ ~ ~~~-'~NN~~~~N ~~
U;:JZ
N ;:J ~
~
'"
:Q
0 .
... ~
~
~~
Z
00 3
o~oooooo~oo~o~oo~~~o~o
N~~~~~~N~~N~N~~~~~NON~
?; ~ ~~: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N
=
Z
0 '
:.J
~
N
~z
<0 l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~=~O~~~~~~~~~~N~~O~~~N
~
'"
~~ NNN~~M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0
N
,., 1-00"'-
"'~ ~~~~~~~O~~M~~NON~~~~
...~
...;:;i
cn"'~
..;'" .
~NN~~M ~~~~~~O~~~~~~
~~~
'"
>- UC:JZ
::;
:5
'"
C:J
0
~
:.. ~
z~ °"""""°0"""'-0°"'°0,,",0"",0°"'°00
'"z '" Co NO~~=-o",~,,",~~~~~~-o~N=-oO~
,... ,... -0 -0 -0 -0 ~ -0 ~ -0 -0 -0 ~ -0 ~ ~, ~ '" ~ ~ ~ ""'
:?: ..:~
-<'-' -;
N 1-oZ
~~~~~~~~~"":~~~~~o.~~~~~~
~
:? ...<"-'~ ~~~~~N~~~~=~~~O~~~~~NN
NNNNN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
z
0 '""'
-DO
.-;~
E-oO- N~~~~M~~~N~O~O~~~~~~
~.M -~N"" ~~~ N N'" """
"'~
""~k ~~
~'"'--=
;:
%
~
:-
'"
~.~ \ ~~~~~o~~~-~=~~=~~~~o~o
~
"'...
~<o
~ ~~
z ~~~~~~ON~~~~~~~O~~~~=O
NNNNNN~~~~~'~~~~~~~~~~~
~'"
~:.I
"""<:
~'-'
~ I ~5
>~
~~ N~O~N~O~N~O~N~O~N~O~N= ;.J
-~
~~ I ~~OO-~OO~~OO~~OO~~OO~-
44~~~~~~~~~~~~====~~~~ ZOO
<z
~~ ~~~---~~~-~-~~~~~~~-~~ ",:;,
< ' zz
0 !
26
'.'
~
...cz
~
"'~
~~Z
Uc.J~
~
0
0..
=
~~
Z
00
.
3
I 00000
C\'= """
~ ..J~ """'-r-r-r
0
N
T
...<0 ...Z'~ I -000\0000
00000
..J~ ""-r,",""""
~ .
0-.0.-
"'~~
<..: .
U"'Z
toJ ~
..:
...c~
0
Z3
000000
~ 00 -o-o.rl.rl.rl-C
-o.rl.rl.rl.rl""
~"'Z
,.""..
=- ~~
9-
T .~ ""'00,,",00
~ o-.Z
"'" <0 ~~NNM,-j
~~ MMMMM~
N
eX)
~
E-oOX ".r""
...
0-
'" ~ . ""'0 M
0
~ <~Z
:.J
..,
C
~
Ut£l~
e-.
:..
0' C-' """"'°000
u
C z 3
~ 00 I """".-.
N =' ..J~ -D-D-D-D-D"""
o
'" T
..,.
'" '""'
"'0 Z
1 0""""""0:;)
00a\00"'=
:oJ
:Q -~ ..,.., ,..,..,..,
~
O,J
...
~
'"c.I
..,
0
Eo-o
~-: I CX)""".rI'" """
:n~~
< ~ 1
~
c
'"
...
:oJ
~ -
:z 0 .
'"
:oJ
:..
'"
<-,
00
Z 3
°""""'",""'0
.o"""",," a-,..
5 .oJ, oD~.c""".,.""
~
0
...
'"
:<
u
,..
~
0
I.:
...
"'01'\
.-;
~
<00 Z
:4"'~
U ~ 1 ~""""N""O'"
""""""-0.""'0
...'...
x
"'-J~ -0-0-0-0-0-0-0 z
,..
e-. .~I
"'...
"'<0 z
"',.,a-"'.-1~'" '";.:
~
I oQ, ~a-"'o 0
:.:'"
§ ~.J NNNNNN,",
:':!oJ
.;; :..'"
... <
~U
0
~ ~ ".or..
~ ~o
:>:.:
-
~ '"'"
--~
,..~
<
oNa)O.o"'~
0 00
000000:::
"""""" z:o
-'=Z
:..
:..'"
0 XZ
27
LEGENDFOR TABLE 6
OBSERVATIONAL UNIT
Reconnaissance
AF = Air Force
NOAA = National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
Satellite
GOES-5 = Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
Radar
RESOLUTION
Reconnaissance
Satellite
28..
'- .
«~:-: ,..
t;:.
~ -"'
~ ~
0
.., '""' -0
N
'"~
z
0 I ;...;--~ ...;
-.
:,
J
====
'-I'
=
.
""""""""' :;
= ..J ..J
~
..J
(I) »»
/ (I)""J1:n >
'J1 """"""'" :>:>
'"
:>
;:
'"
~
on '">c=
:> :>
to!
~ """""""""
...;",MN .,., .,.,.,., U"\ '" M M ,., M """
N N N -' '" N M MN
j
.~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~x~ ~
~~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ I I ~ I I I I ~ I I I ~ I I < I I I <~
~Z ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~ ~3~33<33~<~
O~ OOOO~O~OOOOO~~O~~~~~~O~~~~O~~O~~~OO
I~OOO~C:;<OOOOO~~O~~<~~<O:.J<~~C:.J~Z~~~ZC
Q
==
~ ""
0
~ '"
z
""
:u o 0 C:J
t:-
0 0
;-. xx ><><""><>< x >< xx xxx
z '"' '"'
:u ;..:.. "-t:->-t.."- :.. c.. ~~ """"-
1-'1-'1-'
3
u
""" 00000
..J
QQ~Q""
0-
Q QQ QQQ
:u « 00000 0
0
0
00 000
000
Z ;..:.. '-'~=-~~ c c
00
~(j oot:)
0..-,
-0..-
°'"
"'.., 00
..,...,. ... 0
N
00
""" 0",,0
N
...
'"" '" 0
N N '"
..,. ""' r.. ... ""
N '" N N N
;:;; .,...i..,...,.:X)~o""",...~,...",=",~o-,...,...~~o=ooooo o",..."".,..,.,.,
~<"
-'-z I=o"""""""""j""""""""""",,,",""""'..,."'..,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,.
";~j"""""""""'N"'N""""""N"'NN"""N"""NNNNNNNNNN"'NN
~~
XZ I OO==~O~OOOOO~OOOO~OONOO~OOOONNOOO~~
O~MC~O~OOOO~O~O~~~~~~O~N~~~~ON~~~~O
~~ N~~J~O~-O~~N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~OOO-
~~ _~--NNNOCO ~-~~-~--~~-~~~~~~NNNN
'"
~
i
I ~~NNNNN~~~~~~~~~MM~MM~~MMMM~MMMMMM~
.,; ~Q=OOOOOQQOQOO~OOOCOQOQQ~QCOOOOOOOO
:: i
x .
"'0 ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -N M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~.- ~ ~ 0 ~ N M ~ ~
"""= ~-~~--~-"""NN"'NNNNN"'NM M,.,MMM
29
,.; . ~
~::; I
J; ~ ~ ~
""
~
'",... '"~ ~
~
< < I '"
'-0 0
""' '"' 0 ...,
~~ ~ ~
..J' ,
...
~ ~ ""
'" :>:>
"""
:c~
..J..J ..J
'":>~ '"
:=
..J
oo~
""" ~
'" ~~;;
- ;x)
~
- ,.. :> » >
;.:;.:'"
...,...:>
,., '" '"' '" '"' MMMMNM M,",M
inN
In
M M
In
,.".,
,., N N '" N N~ '" '"
~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~
IIII<I'~II~«~«~<~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~
~~~3<33~33~«~«~<~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~
~~~~C~~O~~OOOOOOOOOO~O~O~~OC~O~OOO
~~~~z~~U~~UZZUZZUZUU<U<U«UU<~<~~~
xx
:.:c.:
00
00
"-"->-..:
~~...J
xxxx ;...;...~
ZZtd :.:
:.. ~~> :-.
0 Z
QQ"""
00 0
...J...J
==0
U
00<0 cn:nO 0
~o"'o.. ~~ Z
~
~I
(X) (X) ,,",0
"""' ,.,""
00
...
"'-' N N
:.
~
'""'
N
N N ... -3
N
-=
~ '"
""'~ I
Z%'-' ...
0 .
%0;'-
=. ..,
c-", r-.r-. '" ... '" ,.. on -0
z~~
...~Z:
'"
'" ~O'
0'0'
a-a-
a-a-
'"
'"
0
0
0
0
0
C g ... 0
0
~:o.'-"
1 '"
-- .-4
."
3
-;
...
0:
8
....-:
- J
-=
-;
<:
g
'"
:;
-;
... >< .
~c I ~~=~O~~~~~~~~~O~~~~~~~~~O~N~~~~~=~
~Z ~~M~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
30
,...
:..,.... , ""'~ z
:.;...;
«
-0
~
'"""'
-I
~ I ,-;
0 -'
= ===
...
~
oJ
'"
:>
:co::'"
:>
C .i"\ MNM.r,.r,
CI) --
c.J N '"
~
.,.,
.,.,.,.,.,.,
~
'" """'"
toJ~'"
:"0:"000
..:«c.:..:~~~
o.Jl
>-!
o.Jl
0- ..;r
N
'"
==
.,., .,.,
~ N N
!
~ i
~z
z.~'"'~ .
;:::~;:
':I)~
Z:.J~
-~z I O'oo
0
000 0
...
0
z=-'"' .-1.-1--
~..
;..:-..;J -0"""
"'N'"
'"
""
~..J>
~:
~ ;J
I
z
:;:
~XU ~ °"""
NN..; '"N
.~ ..."",,-o.oN""-o
%00 %~ "",""",,","",",,NN
0-:""- ~:c;x)~~:X)~~
...
~ ;;;.,
0
~<O
~ Z
,.,..,..,.,.,., ,.,
"",,""0/"1""""0/"1'"
O"
OJ ..;J~ NNNNNNNN
:,;'i:' [
ZZ O NO,",OOO
..,.NNOOOOO
;..~", N..,.-o~COO-oN
"""""""""'°0""
iw
~
::
i~
,-
<::
"
'" I
...",""""""-D-D-D
< 00000000
=
!~ '" Q
.::.
...'" [~
'"I;! x .
[ ~- -:;)
:..z
, ':;)-"""",,,"'-or-
r-r-.r-.r-.r-r-r-.r-.
31
II
Z ~ :: '"
'"
:i:
~ z
".
.rI 'on
~:;" .c r-. 0
« I ,., .1"\
""' 0
'"' 0
r-..
~~-!
...oJ
--- ..
~~~~
.'..J .
",..,..,..,;;;;;; ="""":;~ :;:;:.:; ~~=
.'-J
~~:=:"""C/):n :n~""":n """""" CX) CX)CX) CX)
"""'"
~ """ oJ"
~»>->
"" "" "" "" "" ;:; ""'" ""
» »>:>
""
,..
~'"
,..,..,..
~
»>
--"" ""
It) '"
u-,U'\u-,u-, M MM""M -""""""
>-. E t()
OV
NNNN N""NNN N N '" """""MN "" N
~
..., cr)
0""
.0...'-'-",
:::i Cl> - ~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~I~~~~I
~~~
IIW
~~
WW
~
~
~~~
~WW
5;>- ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~~
-(f)O~(\S oooocoo~ooooo<OOOO%~%=o~~oo~o~~ooo
oQI-3:~ ~~C~~~~<~~~~~Q~~~~U<UU~«~~<~«~~~
>, ~ Q) fa °L:
"',.""" ~~ '- -0
<lJ'-'oJ:i.I..Q)-
0.-
0 "" u: ,- !;'?
""-Q)X",
a..o--~
u-§°"(i1
« 0 ~."
« :J-
0 oe
Z (/)0
0<'>
C\/
rt)
r-I
<.z .... ,
:.. 1
>-
03
.~
.,
c ~~~
- GGI
." I:oJ:..
0
'.1
r:
-~,
z:x.
a- :.oJ 0
.,
"' I '-' ...i
~ I .0-
" , ~~ xI." ::> I
N 0
...
~z ::"1 Z
"'=> -r ::;
~I .., ...
-'
<::
,-""
,-'
...,
=,
~,
~!
~ N
-I
:.:= U:
~...
= '=Z
~ I
i
:= § ~ I '"
:;; z~ ~ I N
,.,
Q
""~ ;,
2: co:
~ =Z ,'
g '"
N
'"
~
'"
'"
z~~ I ,..;
~ I' """"""""""""""'CO,","'~CO,",,",~CO"'~~~~C'a-C'C""""C'a-a-"'a-
< ~~~ ~ ",,---~-~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~-~~-
~ :
. -< .
"-z
-~ ~NM~~~-~~O~NM~~~~~~O~NM~~~~~~O~N~~
~~~-~~~~~~NNNNNNN~N~~~~~~
~
~ z
..-
,..,
z~
",'"
"""'= :;
;::: ."" ,..,'""' '"" N
..J-,
==:;:;
..'..J
~ """",:;=:;;;=
,---
' '...
'" '" '" '-" :.: ~:.: "" C/) """ '" '"
»» "'0"""",»»>
0 00 -0
~ ~ ~ ~ "1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
.~ -~~ -0 ..-
N ~N ~~N- ,... N N
""" """ '" """"""""""""
""" """ '" """"""""""""
c.J'" "';., ;., c.Jc.Jc.Jc.Jc.Jc.J:.J:.J
~oc~co~~o~oooooooo
<~~<~~«~<~~~ooo~o
'" 1
;:
I
5
0
~
N --0
==
~ z
'-- ... ON
~
"IN
,
i
'" ""... "'"
'"~ ~O\
~O\ '"~
"'"
,., ~
-.:-
..,
,.,
'" '"
'" '"
"'=
-" ;:, .n
.n
'"
'" -c '"0
;
.~ .~ =~~~~a~~~~o~o~oo~o
... 23
zo" ~~~~NN~O~~~~~OO~~~
O-'~ """"""""""""~""-o,o-o-o-o-o",~~~
OJ
... ;:
'" .~
.. O...Z QO~NO~~~~~~~~~~~~O
0..<0 ~~~~~~~~~N~NM~~~~~
-1'-' ~~M~M~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~
z
"'~
zz I "'OO"'OO"'OO'""'OOOOOOOO
NOO~O,"",~~O~OOO,"",OOOO
~ ~~ ~"'~~~~O~ONM~~~N~~~
., ~~,~ N~=OOOO-~~--
-'"
'" ~ I
I
~~ j ~~~~~~~~OOOOOOOOOO
:;
"'-t-t tNN"""NNNNNN
~
"" "
-::: I "'-D""="'~-"""""""-D""""=-'N
'" Z ""' ~ ,.., '"' '"'..,.."...,. -1" -T -T ..,.."...,...,. '" '" ""
o..E-
U-:l
«:
~~ -~- --~~~ --~ ~~ ~~
'.J '.J .J' '.J ' " '.J .J'
==~~=~~~~=~~~=~~~~~~~=~~~~=~~~~
~~%~~~~:~~~%%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
»-~»>~~»~~»>~~~~»>~~»~~»
"" "" "" ""'.., '"".., "" ""'""'"" ""'""'""''" '" "'.., '" "'..,... ," """ '" '" "'.., ,
NNNN NNNNNN N NNN N NNNNNNNNN
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0000000000000000000000000000000
o~~ooooooo~~ooo~o~~o~~ooo~o~ooo
:.
~
'" I
N
~
'"
;:=.:
~~ "' .I
4,",
~
'.' I
~
0 ~I
0
~:..
:;
"-'" '"", ...1 == i
if'
I
~ :z: I
--.:)
'< I
~I ,... !
Z,
-,
~'"' "'I
c..;,
" '"
.=:~ .I
~~ ~-~
;;0 .!
:D ;0: 0:- ;
N -, I
""~ i
z t.J-
~~z I
Z:l.~ i
~... .
...~>
",:",..J
Q
Z
~ '" """'" ",","'°0""""""0
"'u"1I NNN,""
"""o ;i'\a-a-
:5
.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n
""..,...,...,...,...,..n.n '" .0 ~-o""""-D"'...M'"
~ :n I
."""'IO""""N"'N=-oa-""""'-o ,"", x."'_~2)N,"",.x.-oN~.x.2)NN
%O()
% 3 la.OO""NNN..,..,.~...a-ONN"""",,~"""""~~ONN"""""'"
I
O~~~NNNMNNNNNNN"',"","""""""'~""""""""~""~""""""
-'
;- I
~ ."""'IO=N,"", ~ ~O""~O,"",,"",...a-ON~~"'N..,~a-~..,."'~~
:::...
~<O % I ,"",N,"",..,..,..,..,..,...,."""",~~~~~ x.=.x..x.~a-a-a-a-
~~i~~~~~~~"""'~~~""~~~~~~-"'~~~~~~~"'~~
I
~~Ioooo=oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
~~"ooooo=ooooo","'oooo..,~..,oooo..,oooooo
"I"':XOO"'N"'2)O~N2)O~~N"'aoO~"'N..,.x.O~N.x.O~N.x.
]
~
;-~f""~oo"'~""oo~-oo~~~~oo~--~oo~~oo~~
:
...ii
" ...
<
1 """2)=~ao=a-a-a-~OOOOOO~~~~~~~""~~NNNN
NNNNNNN~N~N~""","",""""'~"'~~'""'OOOOOOOO
.Q
Q :
x.
...~ -N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 -N ~ ~~. ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0-
~ 0..% --~~~~~~_~N~N~N~NNNN~~
34
1;:~ I L
(.I ., -C
-.:<: i -C
-;
~I ;; ~'i 'i ~ ~
I:: I :O:O==:Oa):XOa):;~:O'"'=
..J -'
"'~'"
=:0=
°~ i xx"""xxxx"""".'"""
--»
'" J'I"'" M '" '" '" J)
»-->
'" '" '" '"
>->
""""""
~ 1 NNN N NNNNNN """""'"
.~ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
=z ooooooooooooc~~oco
O:;'I'-'OOc;,c;,c;,c;,c;,CCc;,~c;,«OCO
... I'
u
0 ~
0 I
;l.
'" :3 I
z
...
.i
I
i~3j
=
...0
0 .!
Eo- '
r-. = !
.!
Z'"
."'~ S I; 00
-t-t
~... , 00
~~~I -t-t
I
~
"
...
... ~ .~:-~N~~~~OO~~~~~~~~O
~... z
"5 a.<O
~~,~NN~~~NNN~~~-~~~NN
I 0000'0-0-0000-0-0 0-0-0-00
>. ~I
... tdc--
~~ I OOOOCOOOOOOOOOU"\OOO
OOOCOOOOOOOOO~NMOO
C~N~~O~~N~O~NU"\~~ON
~ ~~ CC~~~OOO~~OO~~~~O~
=
...
'" '"
... E-o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
" ~ ooooooooooo~~ooooo
x . """' ,.,-Cr-..:X)O'O NC"'I-=-"".o :X)O'
-::)
'"-z ~~~~~,..,~~~~~~...~~~~~
35
-
" ~ ""
E-- "
~E-o
, zzz
"'°'"'
Z
N
z
~
Z
~
U-'
«.
I
i
"'ON
-o71--N
0
""
'"
'"
'5
i
i
~~
I ' "
-~ I -~" .. ~
!-- CQCQ=~CQ :: OJ; ~ CQ a:
= ~~"""'" '" '" '" ~ '" ~ ~
"""~~."""'-
..1
0 » 0 ~> "'N"'~"'M"'"""
> :> ,... '"
...""'0
=. NNNNN-' N N'" N '" N'" "'N N
""""""'" '" X~'" ~'" '" '" '" "'~ ~~~~
'E-- ~~~~~ '" I "" ,'" ~ '" I ~ I ~ I I I
",
=Z ",..."""...
OOOOO~~~O~..1..10~~0 "'~"'...~ ,o~~'5~u~ou~ouOO
'.":c.o
0= CO~~C«<~<~~~<~~ C«O<~<C~<~~~..1
I ,.; ,.; >- >-
« < <
..1..: ~ ~ .
~ X~ '" ~ '" '" '"
U "'... c.o '" c.o... ~
:» >:> E--"" E--
E-- 00 0 C Z Z z
~ '" '" ...
:~ ~..: U U U
~E-o
~~ ,...
~ ~ "';&J...
1..: ~
U ~~ ~ "" ~ ~ ~
< ~;I) ~ ~ """"""
~ ~ ~ ~
< 00 0 0 '" '" '"
= "'0 '" 0 0 0 0
U -'N ~ "" ~
~
<.z .
.-.z
"'>-I .~ . I Q~
"'IX 1
U'"
I .
~...
"'N
-~
~ a- I
=- .,
~ X'"
"' I ~
0::1
E-oI ..,
NN
'" ..,
NN
M
:.; c.o X 0 0
~~ .-"" ~
0:';
;..'"
~...
""'
~"
~
:.: Z I0
1
M
N
M
N
.
:.. '" I
..:'" ...
-'"
"' I
Z'
C' :
-Nul
~ I
:: ~i
~ I
!--
='
"~:.;
ZZ~
ZOE--
-'0.
I a-
-'
""" = ! M
i
I
0;1)'-' 1 I-- -0.;: "'0 a- 0 3'
Z"'~ 0 0 0 0 00 a- 0 ~
, ""~Z
l 0 0 0 0 00 a- 0 0,
~:..~ M
r
.I
~ ../
...;";..11
~-'>
~~..1
I ,,""MO'"
.,..NN N
'"
N
01--
NN..,
M '"
N
I--
N
.:0
Z
, ~
X
.
C.)
,
i <
~
~
~
"'~~OO
NNNMM
~"""
NMN
~~
..,..,..,
~ 0'"
~N
0
'"
0
~ ,
~::
~
.~ -oOO~CQ"'CQNMNN"'~""Oa-OCQO"'CQMO~-"'I--a
0 " ,...,..,..,.,. o~,
ZZ~ ON~NM~~"""""~~';:~"'M"'M~~M~"""~~~~~M~
--~,
=qo
...
a-a-~a-a-a-a-~~~3'a-~a-~a-~a-a-a-a-a-~~~~a-a-a-a-~
~.,-
~...
~<o Z I--~~I--~CQO-o"""~I--~-ol--"""~~~-oCQ=O=-o"'N-o~~
~-o~~-o-ol--~~I--I--~~~~~CQ~~~CQ~~~CQ~~~~a-~i
~~ I N~~INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
" ;&J-;:;
~ ~~ 0 I O~~~-o-o~NN~~-ol--~O.-;
OOOOOMN~O=O"'O-O~O"'OOl--Ol--ONOO~OOMO
OOOOOO"""M-M"'OONOMOO-'OO~~O~~OOO~ '.!J O""N"'~~~~I--I--~"'NN
.~ ...~ O~"""'OOO""-"""".-;"""'NNNOOOOO~OOOOO"'~""
~ I
:: ~
:c ~ I a-"'~a-COOOOOOOOOO~C"""""-"'"""-_"""""_,,,,
.;;-< Q I OOOO"",-;"""""-~"""""""""-"""""-'-'---'--"""--
z I
':: X .I
~ _~ I -'N~~~-ol--~~="'NM~"'-ol--~~O_NM~"'-o~CQa-O~I
~ ~Z ,,
---"""""""""",,"'NNNNNNNNNNM~
36
f- --- - 8
~- -
,
, .
, "
J'
"
;
i' 0..
~ '.
"'~
< < II
.I
;i
i ~
~ )I .:: ..J
0..
:I
..J
I =
Of!
>
=
(n
>
c
'.
0
~
Co:
~
I I
c;
"
~: I
~ .,.,~"'~~~.,.,~~~~
'c .e-. I ~ I I I I I ~ I I I I
if ~~ ~=====C&I====
i =z OC.)C.)uC.)C.)oC.)C.)u~
;.I;:
c O:lIO..J ::,-,.::.::.::.::
~;
"
i1
; I ~ I
I
I~!
;, ~~~~
I: C.) C&I c.J C&I:.:
: 0.. e-. 0.. 0..I
e-.
~ Zzzz
c.JC&lc.J'"
., UC.)C.)U
;, ~
;;; t.j I t.j 1:1 t.j '"
;1 e-. I :: .::
,c <
=<
U'
I ~===
""""""""
~"'~'"
0~ 0~ I:0
~ 0~ ,
, (.J ~ ~ g.. g.. t
: \
..X
~ < .
" z
~, Q~
~,
ti 1:1
>- 1 .g.. .1 I
" C&I ~ i
i: ,
1, C.)~ I
"I
" u
II c.J
/I I
~
"'
,
I
1c- i
l' I
~
~, co: ~
I
i
' -"
0:' r
~ 0,
ff ~
;:J Z r I,
,
~
i ~ ' Ii
"~
0" .i
':=X
Z1:~
xc 0.. i
"i = ,'
f ::
Z~=r
~ 1: !
~g..~,,;
r
"
~. ,.
0..
~..J
e-. ~
>
~"'..J
f ~
X (.J
.
'"',,
..; '"
1:
II
a."""""""""""""MN'"..~. ""
~Z3 ..".,M"""""""'M..,..,
t ~ ~Oo ~~a.~a.~~a.~a.~
t ~ ""..J~
t = 0..
r"" :/).~ ~O ;""..,O\ ~OO,=
,.." ~ ..J~
~<o e-.Z f" NMM""..,..,M..,MMM
0\00000000
t ::!, ~I
.~ c.Jo..
-= XX I MOMOO..,M..,M..,..,
OOO""NOO-;""~"" ! !
r ~-o..~ ,...'" """"'-;-;-'-"""'NN
NM"'",,~~~~O\O
c
..= I,',."
~" ...
'" 1:1I
-<I"'-~"'""",-""~"",,
e-. "'
" Q
:::. !
Q. i
~ X .;
r
~
..."-Z
-C
I ,.,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,""""
NM"""".Q""~"'O--N -~
r--
f : .~7_,,"~ "..,," ,
".-- "
0 =: ~ 00 I'
t~'
., "
~- <
<
I ~
.r\
~
'"
,.
0~
a-
.r\
~
0
'".r\
0~
0
,...,...
~-0
0
~
0
,...
,J
'"
'!f:'
."
c
I ;
z
0""
~ oJ
I
~==oo '-'
=~ =00=" = =~~ = =
'""-t
~ = ~ ~ =
~I~~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~"~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~I>""'""> » »- ~> > > > ~ ~ ~
~ ~~.r\.r\ ~~ .MM~~.r\.r\~~M .r\ .r\M~~NM~.r\ .r\ "'~
toj
~ ""NN ""N NNN~N~NNN N ~N~ ~NNN N ...
~~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
o~ I ~~~~ ~~ ~~~<~<~~~ ~ ~<~<~ ~ ~ ~
~~
O~
~Z I OO~C<OO<COOZOZOO~<O«OZ~Z~<~<~
~~~~ ~~ ~~~<~<tojtojtoj
OOOO~OO~OOOCOOOOO~O~~OOOOO~O~O
~ ~<toj<~ ~ ~
~O
<~
~
~ I .I
U ~ ~
~ ~
~ < 0 0 <
~
~
~
-'...
toj
e:: '<
oJ
<
-
,.,
e::e-:
~ :0 ~ ~ ~~
~ 0 Otoj
<
U ~
~
Q
~
Q ~~
-
~ Z ~ ~ Ze::
< ~ 0 0 ~~
;:; ~ --"... ~O
-0 U U O~
'""'
~
oX
< .
~Z 0
~
I
;.-.~
Q~
0
NON
...N -N
0
~
,.,~ M
~... -
U~ a-
\I .0
U:.I U U ~ U
N
~
:-
...
"'X~
;.-
""" ~
I U~
0 ~
MM
N N
"'N""'"
N N'" -t
1' 0
::0 ~ ><
Q'Z ~ ~
X Z.
:oJ~:.:
Z;:"X'
:.. 1
i
:.I
""~ I M
NN
~ ...'"
NNN"""
~... M
'" '" ...,
<:.I
~~C
:oJ
Z'
"'I I
:: N U, :
= I '""'
,...
~
Z~~o=~
,..,00
I ...,., ,...
0
Z 0 ~ " 000
,...: M ,.., M
i
Z~=
o~'""' 1 M ~ ,...,... "'.r\~ 0 M'"
I 00 000 a- 0- '" a-
-xX 0 0 0 0 0:::10 0\ 0\ 0\ '"
,"","
~~~ 0- 0 ~ ,... 0 0 a- :::I ~
N M ~ ~,... '" N ,... ~
~~>
~:..~
z
~
:3
>< ~ ~~~ ~~.r\~OOO 0 O~~ ~~ ~OO 0 0 0
:S ~ NNN NNNc-,c-,MM M MM'" ...~ ~='" .c '" .0
~ '"
ZOO
z31~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...~.o, ~a-"'OO"""",,""~""""""""""'N"""""""OOOOO
~
0
O~~ ~~~~"""""",...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...,...~~~ ,...
:~ ,...
, ~.- ~~~~~M"'O"'M~""O~M~MM~"""'OO""~""O\M~"'N =
, 0
~<O ~ Z' NNNN"'=OOO"""NNNNNMMM"'M"'~~~~~""""""
." '"
~~ """,,""""""""NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN N
I OOOOOOO~OOOOO~OOO~O"'NO~O""O"'O=O~ 0
~
~
~-;:;
~X
~
OOOO~MO""OOOOO""MOONO""~O~OOO""OOOO
=O.oN~=NM~""O"'~~"'~NN~.r\~="""MO""Mc-,~~
0
,...
= ...~ ~OO-t""~~~""NO~OOOO~""",,~"""""'NNOOOOOO 0
.~ 1
iI' ~~ ~
~
1 ""~~~"'N~MMM"""'~""""'~~~~~~"'~"'~~~~~~
oooo...~ ~ t t t""'"
~
...
t. "
,!
..- ~
;-
-><
"'z
0 .I I ~N~~~~""="'O""N"""~"""'~~O"'NM...~",,...~a-o""
t-t",,"""""'NNNNNNNNNNMM
N
c-,
i
i
i
.1
!
I 38 , I
..." ...
I -
I .
= ~ ~~ ~ ~~ == = ==-~== === =
1:- °i Z Z ZZ Z ZZ XZ Z XZ ZZX ZXZ Z
~~i 00 OC 0 00000 00000 000 0
Q,.J
« / ::>000000000
,~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ 00000
~~ ~~~ 000
~~~ 0
~
;
,
'
z
0
!
I -' -0 """
~ I ~~
:..J-:..J = = '!' 00 "" "" 00=
"""" = OOOO~
-: oJ
=00
:0 ='" '" on '" = = ~ "'on '" """'" onz
51~> > > > ~ -~ ~> > ~~> >~
on
::I l ~~~'"
'" NN~N ...~
N~ ~~~M
N"'~~ ~M~"'~MMM
""'
-""~"'~NN~ M~ ~MM"'~
-""""" """"'N~
N'" ~~...~
~N N
I ~'" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ '" ~~~ ~~
.~ """ '" on '" on '" on """ "'on """'" """
"'~ ~~ ~::I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ <~ ::I~~ ~~
=Z OO"'O"'O"-"'O"'O"""O~"'O"'OO~ O"-,..~OOO""""'OO'"
0:0 Q~<Q<C«U<~«U«U<~~< o~«<~~~«<~~<
.'-0
Q in
~ <
Z '"'
'"
~
'" .~
I
Q ~ ~ C'""'
'" Q ~'" .
~ ~'" 0 >- ZO .Q
on ~ oJ oJ --'..J..J Z ,.., ~
~ ~ = ..J,.., oJ,.., '" '" .oJ Z
'"~ '"'
>- :0~ ~< ~< ~~
«< ~ Q~
~§ '"e.. ~
< '"
~ 0 oJ '-: '-J ~
Q Q '" Q Q QQ Q >-~ ~ Q Q
< ~ ~ ~ ~~,..J~ ~
~ '" Z '" '" """ '" ~oJ Z"',..J
< 0 ~ 0 0 00", 0 '-J 0 oJ
~ ,..J ~ ,..J,.J ..J,..J ~ 0':/ ~ oJ ~
Q Q 0 Q Q QQ,..J~::l 0 Q ~
"
<oX .
""Z ~
~~ .." 0 0 0 oo~ '" 00 0 ~ 0
'-J j ' ...M MN ~ N... N N
>-.~ c 0
~"'~ N
""~
U~
.., I -0
M
U~ U '"' U Q QQ Q QQ U ~ tJ
U ~ ~ ~... N ~ ~ N 0 ~ ...~
0 ~ ~ ~ ~... ~... ...
0
~
~
Z .
Z -0 ~ ~ ~N '" ~ ~..., -0 ~ r-
E-- ~ ~ I ...""" ...~ -I
II
o~2
zz~ 1 0 M NOO ~ -00 OO~ '" ~~ ~-O ~~N 0
~O 0 "':=~:= ~ ~O' 000':= N~ ~O- a-~a- -0
ZO'""' , ~ ~ :=~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ 0000 ~~~ ~~~ -0
~~ '" N ~N N NN NN N NN NNN NNN ~
i
.""" i -
'-'
z'-J= 1 := ~..., "'-0 -o~ -0 ~ ...,
~~X a- ~-o -0-0 -0-0 -0 -0 -0
X~'-'/ ~~ "'a- O'a- ~ ~ ~
"0' ~ '" ...,..., ..., -I..., '" ..., ~~ ~~O CON ...,
'""'~~ ~ -0 ~~ ~ ~... '" ~..., ~...,~ ~~~ ~
:.:~> ~
~"'..J
~
Z I
,
~
X U """"""~OOO N N N 0 OOOO~O O~~""O""O~
< (oj ~;Q-o~:=O'~ 0 0 0 ~ O'~~:=~~ ~~~-o""~-o~
Z '" i
I
." .00
O~~~N~"'O:=~M"""'ON:=-o-oo~o~-o~~~...,"'~...a--O=~~ 0 .-. 1
i
ZZ3 O~~:=~~~=~~~~~~~-o-o-o-o""-o"""""""""""""""""""'~~NN
000 ",,-o-o-o-o-D-o-C-o-C-o-o-D-D-o-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o
~--'~
~
~ ~." ~-o-DMMN"'O'O'O-D~"'MM~"'M"'-o""~~~""~~:=N~~""~~=
~ ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~OOO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~ ~~ NNNNNNNNNM~MM~M~MM~~~~~~~~M~~~~~~~~
-:: I
5 ::I~
u ZX OOOOOOOMOOO-l"'OO""OMOON""ONNMOOOOO"'~M~
I OO~O~O""OOOO~~::>~~O-oOO-o~O="'OOOO~-o""OOO
~~ ~NN"""'=:=O""~OON~M"'-o~~NN~:=:=ON::>-oNN""""~~O
~ ;..~IO-"""~-I-INNNOOOOOOOOO""""""~NNOO""""""""'NO
-:: i
c"":i I
:J
~ rd
'""' I
~ < 1 """""""""""""""'~"'-o-o-o-o~-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D-D~""~""~~~~~
~~ ~~~ ~...~-~~...~ ~
.::: Q i
!-' X!
;~ -O
f ~Z I ~~M~M~~~""~'T~~~""~~"'""""""",~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~""-D~:=~~-'NM"""'-D~:=~O""N~~""~~:=~O"'NM""""-D~
\.
39 - ;
~- --
,
- ..
, '
j
~ -
; ..",
, ,
~ ~ ~
, i:.,; I ;..
Jj~ ::. :5
-=> 0
, U..J ..'" --
, < < '
ii .
,' 0
z I -=
~ -' -'-' -'..J-'~ -'..J..J
~~ ~ ~~~~=~=~~~=~=
j ~~! ~ ~ ~ O~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
! ~ ,.. ...> > » »»' »>
, , ..J "
I I' , 0 , '" "" ,.,.., '" '" '"
~ .." -" -" " ." " "". "
tal
~ ,.,";-. " " """ '" '" '" """'" '"
.., """
~'" '"~ ~""""""""""""""""""
"'~"'~~~~~~~"'~~
-~ ~ ~taI ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"' OO~O~OOOOOOOOOOOOO
::J ~
~Z
',~~~O<~<~~~OvOOvOV~O~
~ e
'"~ ~ !oj
~ ,..
...
~ .=
:J~
~ '~ -:::
U
~ ~
!I ~ ~
-x 1
<. I "~
"'I-'...z
-,.., ,:...,-1
, 0
:oJ~-
>-1 -g.. ---
,",
~..J i .'"
U ~,~"" .
II ", ,.1.01 :.)
:.) '" I
I
I ~:.; ~
.i
!
."' '" .
: ::J:
j ~,.o '""
'j" I :oJ
:- -Z ., ..-
2
j'
.~:;:- .,"" N-
Z
-0
--.r " ,,) ,-.
"'-
~-
~=F- "" '" '"
-=
.'" ,-
Z:.:aJ
~~
~,..-
.:
,-.,; -' .' .ro '""
,i :--'> .".:0 -0 a)
i ~ r.. -' ...
.,.
, Q
Z
,j :;
.>< '-' .'" 00 0 0'" '" """'" '"
S "to,'" ' ~ -Q\ ~ 0\... -0 -0-0'" '"
~--o~~"' ~-"'...~-~~o"""OO
.-';1...0~a)==-O""""""'-D~"'Q\"""'-D0
~', ,
" ZZ;" :.".,~-o~"""~""""""~~~~""""",,,,,
:;' 00.)
;::...:-
" ;... ","""""""'O\O"""-D""""'a)""",~OOO
:i ~ 'b'.,;;,';";o":"':"':'~";';~":a:ia:i~oo":'~~~
: ~ :'<i'" :~,:.,",...~-.: : """~~,,,~
; .;-'
1 ~ -~~oO~Oa)oooO=OOOOOOQQ
,. ~-0 ~ -,"'(-- '"',.:oo,", ,"",,,", o,.,
,,",-D~NN""""'O-o"'N"""O"""N'" OQ ,.,
'
\., ~ ~ :-
~:' "\ .-.:oO""--""--""oO"""""""OQ
f '~' ~
'i ~ OJ '-', -' '" ~ ~ ,., ,., ,., ~ a) =- Q\ a- 0\ a- 0\ 0 Q Q Q Q
.r ~ -"-'~"""'--""---"' "" NN"'NN
"
11 '" ~-, \
fE ~"... ~ x ~~~N",,~~-o...~a-O""N"""~~"'~
I:!i
I 0"
~:
~
.:: ,-, oJ ~-:~,-"""""""""""""'~a)=a)a)a)~=~
40
11
'
'I '
..
rf ,.. ., Z Z ~;
:.0'" ~... ,g,
U-J I """ N
t «I N N '""'
,,
~! ~ ~... "'N'"
-0--' -J--' --'..J ..J--'..J
~ I ~~~~=~ ~~~ = ~~~=~~~
~ ~===~~ ==~ ~ XX~~~X=
-J >-~~» --> > -~»>~~
0
~ """"""'""',"",M"""'" N"'N """"'~~~~
:oJ '"
i = NN NNNMN~N NN,"", NNN NN~
1 ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~
.~ ~~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~
~~ ~~~~~:OJ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~
~Z ~~cooo~ocO~~c~~ooooooo
o~ ~uuuuo<uoo«u«uocoooo
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
u
, ~
f ~
r ~
" ""
<.x .
...z :'.
c"
,-'
I
>' .~ .~
~
:4 ~ ...I
o~
.,' ~ ..J
~ '"
iN" "
~ ~ ~'" It"
~ 0\
~ ,."
f
'~
r
~ ~'...
'" '"
Z =
= 0
"'~
~I
~ 0
~ ~.
~
i ,g
N
~
N
~
N[i
~~ 2 ~:. ~ ...;!
Ii!; ~
'J) I ~ .!t
0:: ~ N N
,§ -' '""
< =t: "'
~I
:.) 0= U I'ii:'.:
" -~
" ~ ~ ""
"i ~ ~ .= ~ .
c ~"" zx~
.~ r.J ~o . 1
~,'" x 0 ~;'.
=~}:;;;
'Iv
! I
ocr I
U .~"" ""' ,"""g ~r-.I
~ z~= 0 00 00-
,,' -~x 0 00 00-
" ~~~ ~~ ~
~',~
;,\
"~
~~
4
I" "
~t:J ""
~ ~ ..J
~..J>
.°
j N
M NN~,g,,:
~ ...0\ N i!
~~..Jt'!,
Q
"
':j,
",,'i
-~z;,:~
X U ~~~~OO"'O~"""~~O~~~~ ~OO
~; ~ ~ NNNNMMNMMMMNMN,g~~... ~i%
'.. '. 0"" OMO\NOr-.""~O"'O\O~M""""'ON"'N~
~ Z ~ ..0 ..0 ...0 0 0 0
..ZO:> o-o-o~~,g (O) ~ ,g,g~MNO~~
1 o~~ ~~,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g,g~~~~
t ~
~
I
~."" "'N~,g~~"'~O\"'M~o-o-"'~(O)O"'N"'~
~<o
0 ~ z O""N~~",~~~r-."'r-.r-.r-.~~~OO~NN
.0 ..0 0
..J~ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMMMMM
""
",'
~
". ~~
xx
~~ I MMOOOOOOMMQNM...~QOQOMOO
QOOCQOOOOO"'NO~~OOOOQQQ
M"'M~N~-O,g~N"""O\~O,gN~(O)O~
1~ ~~ _~NO~""NOQ""~~"'~NOO~~~QO
c
I~:.
.; ~ I.
~ I
O\o-o-oooo"'-_-"'~~~NNNNNMM
x.'~INNN"""M"'ooooooOOCCOOQOO
-oC!_N~"'~~~~O\O~NM...~~r-.~~O~N
~zl "'~-_-o~~-~~NNN
j
i
I
41 !
~ " ,"c
Table 7. Supplementary vortex messages, 1982 tropical and subtropical
cyclones.
ALBERTO
42
Table 7 continued.
.,
URNT12 KMIA 041815
AF967 0801 ALBERTO OB 16 KMIA
SUPPLEMENTARY VORTEX DATA MESSAGE
00248 00823 00012 02321 18034
80248 80826 80011 82421 17034
60249 60831 60011 62321 17027
45249 40835 40010 42421 18023
30249 30836 30010 32322 18033
15249 10839 10008 12423 18029
CC250 C0842 COO07 C2423 041713 .
MF033 09028 AZ360
15250 10844 10008 12422 04014
30252 30846 30009 32322 05021
45254 40848 40010 42321 06018
60256 60849 60010 62321 08019
80259 80851 80011 82321 07023
00261 00853 00011 02321 07019
MF02427033
43
Table 7 continued.
44
~
Table 7 continued.
45
:j""
" %"i
f'
~;
"""
1i
i
ii,
c
Table 7 continued.
46
Table 7 continued.
47
Table 7 continued.
URNT12 KJ.'1IA191529
AF554 04XX CYCLONE OB 18 KMIA
SUPPLEMENTARY VORTEX DATA MESSAGE
00/// all// all// all// /////
80362 80758 83031 809// 30016
60363 60757 63028 609// 02017
45364 40753 43028 409// 33020
30365 30751 33029 308// 30016
15367 10748 13032 107// 28008
CC370 C0748 C3042 C08// 191421
MF020 22043 AZ045
15/// 1//// 1//// 1//// ///// .
30/// 3//// 3///1 3//// /////
45/// 4//// 4//// 4//// /////
60/// 6//// 6//// 6//// /////
80/// 8//// 8//// 8//// /////
00/// all// all// all// /////
MFI// /1///
LAST REPORTOBS 01-18 TO KMIA ETA KPOB 19/1535Z
48
Table 7 continued.
CHRIS
49
Table 7 continued.
50
Table 7 continued.-
51
Table continued.
URNT12 ~A 110800
AF968 0604 CHRIS OB 20 KMIA
SUPPL&~NTARY VORTEX DATA MESSAGE
00111 01111 01111 01111 11111
80111 81111 81111 81111 11111
60111 61111 6/111 61111 11111
45282 40952 43094 40802 30027
30288 30948 3/111 30908 30020
15289 10947 13089 11208 25018
CC291 C0947 C3089 C1205 110735
MF027 23070 AZ350
Table 7 continued.
DEBBY
53
Table 7 continued.
. 54
Table 7 continued.
.,
URNT12 KMIA 151358
AF968 0705 DEBBY OB 06 KMIA
SUPPLEMENTARY VORTEX DATA MESSAGE
00285 00713 03098 00805 32023
80283 80710 83095 80808 34036
60284 60705 63086 60906 32013
45281 40700 43058 40808 04028
30278 30700 33038 31006 36050
15276 10699 13979 11107 01064
CC277 C0698 C3920 C1603 151208
MF064 02015 AZ020
15274 10692 13028 1070726096
30273 30691 33063 30806 26055
45270 40691 43088 408-07 25053
60268 60690 63107 60805 24045
80264 80691 83125 80803 26035
00260 00693 03130 00803 28030
MF09611015
55
Table 7 continued.
-56
Table 7 continued
57
Table 7 continued.
58
Table 7 continued
59
Table 7 continued.
60
Table 7 continued.
.63
Table 7 continued.
URNT12 KJ.'1IA180246
AF866 1405 DEBBY OB 11 KMIA
SUPPLEMENTARY VORTEX DATA MESSAGE
00406 00623 03027 00804 12021
80403 80624 83012 80805 06021
60399 60623 63978 60711 06026
45397 40623 43944 40811 08038
30395 30622 33905 3101/ 07044
15392 10620 13700 1141/ 06057
CC392 C0619 C3656 c2011180152
MF057 36015 AZIII
15389 10619 13824 1121/ 28104
30387 30619 33916 3111/ 28078
45384 40619 43968 40811 28071
60382 60620 63000 60911 28047
80379 80620 83031 80911 27046
00375 00620 03052 00911 27042
MF10418015
64
Table 7 continued
65
Table 7 continued
ERNESTO
3. Missions Flown
16 0 2
53\.JRS
920WRG 34
RFC
10
Total
Flying Time
143.6 0 20.3
53WRS
920WRG
29Q ,\( 77.0
RFC 5~:~
Total 499.6 97.~
Horizonta 1033 Vertical 92
5. ;Jbservations
67 Omega Dropwindsondes were released during 2 research missions on T.S. Debby
3 late fixes
4 resources permitting missed
68
2.
4.
NWS NHC 6 A Tropical Cyclone Data Tape for the North Atlantic Basin, 1886-1977:
Contents, Limitations, and Uses. Brian R. Jarvinen and Eduardo L. Caso -
June 1978 (PB285504/AS)
NWS NHC 7 The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of the
Century (and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts). Paul J. Hebert
and Glenn Taylor -August 1978 (PB 286753/AS)
NWS NHC 8 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1977.
Miles B. Lawrence, Paul J. Hebert and Staff, NHC -March 1979 (PB295702)
NWS NHC 9 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1978.
Paul J. Hebert and Staff, NHC -April 1979 (PB296323)
NWSNHC 10 Statistical Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Intensity for the North Atlantic
Basin. Brian R. Jarvinen and Charles J. Neumann -April 1979 (PB297185)
NWSNHC 11 A Guide to Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Models for the Prediction of Tropical
Cyclone Motion. Charles J. Neumann -April 1979 (PBS97190/AS)
NWSNHC 12 Modification of NMCAnalyses and Prognoses for Use in Statistical Tropical
Cyclone Prediction Models. Preston W. Leftwich, Jr. -May 1979 (PB297190)
NWSNHC 13 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1979.
Paul J. Hebert and Staff, NHC -June 1980
NWSNHC 14 A Statistical Tropical Cyclone Motion Forecasting System for the Gulf of
Mexico, Robert T. Merrill -August 1980
NWSNHC 15 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1980.
Glenn Taylor and Staff, NHC -June 1981
NWSNHC 16 A Compilation of Eastern and Central North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Data.
Gail M. Brown and Preston W. Leftwich, Jr. -August 1982 (PB83115444)
NWSNHC 17 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1981.
Staff, NHC -November 1982
NWSNHC 18 The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of this
Century (and Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts), Paul J. Hebert
and Glenn Taylor, NHC -January 1983
NWSNHC 19 Annual Data and Verification Tabulation Atlantic Tropical Cyclones 1982.
Gilbert B. Clark and Staff, NHC -February 1983