Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FJ Czhzaxvcy Yvid Yzvaevgv Hdbzizghzvjcvvwydb Cdeavhi V4: 9G#?Dgy (C7Vggzh8Vwvaazg
FJ Czhzaxvcy Yvid Yzvaevgv Hdbzizghzvjcvvwydb Cdeavhi V4: 9G#?Dgy (C7Vggzh8Vwvaazg
FJ Czhzaxvcy Yvid Yzvaevgv Hdbzizghzvjcvvwydb Cdeavhi V4: 9G#?Dgy (C7Vggzh8Vwvaazg
hdbZiZghZVjcVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^V4
AVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^VZhjcegdXZY^b^Zcidfj^gg"
\^Xd XjnV ÒcVa^YVY Zh Za^b^cVg Za ZmXZhd YZ e^Za
n \gVhV YZ aV eVgiZ bZY^V n WV_V YZa VWYdbZc n
gZ[dgoVg aV bjhXjaVijgV YZ aV eVgZY VWYdb^cVa
Xdgg^\^ZcYdVhaVÓVXX^YZobjhXjaVg#:hiZegdXZ"
Y^b^ZcidejZYZgZYjX^gYg{hi^XVbZciZZaVheZXid
VWdbWVYdYZaVWYdbZcXdadfj^VabZciZXdcdX^"
Yd Xdbd Æig^eVÇ!Xdch^\j^ZcYd jc VWYdbZc b{h
eaVcd! b{h ÒgbZ n jcV X^cijgV b{h ZhigZX]V# 6
XVbW^d!YZ_VjcVX^XVig^ofjZ!YZeZcY^ZcYdYZaV
ZmiZch^cYZaegdWaZbVdg^\^cVanYZaVX^gj\VgZ"
fjZg^YVeVgVXdggZ\^gad!ejZYZhZgb{hdbZcdh
ZmiZchV#
:hiVX^gj\VZhZheZX^VabZciZi^aZcbj_ZgZhfjZ
]Vc iZc^Yd kVg^dh ZbWVgVodh! igVh adh XjVaZh aV
e^ZanbhXjadhVWYdb^cVaZhhZ]VcgZaV_VYdncd
]VcgZXjeZgVYdhjidcd^c^X^Va#6fjZaadheVX^Zc"
iZhfjZYZWVceZgYZgbjX]deZhdYZWZcedhed"
cZgaVX^gj\V!Va^\jVafjZaVheVX^ZciZhfjZegZ"
iZcYVciZcZg[jijgdhZbWVgVodh!nVfjZYjgVciZ
aVX^gj\VhZiZchVcadhbhXjadhgZXidhVWYdb^"
cVaZhYZaVWYdbZcnejZYZckdakZgVgZaV_VghZZc
ZaigVchXjghdYZhiZ#H^Zm^hiZcX^XVig^XZhegZk^Vh
ZcZaVWYdbZc!ZhiVX^gj\VejZYZZhiVgXdcigV"
^cY^XVYV# :c digdh XVhdh! ZhiV X^gj\V Xdch^\jZ
Za^b^cVgaVh#
9g#?dgY{c7VggZh8VWVaaZg
´9cYZhZgZVa^oVaVX^gj\V4
AVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^VhZgZVa^oVZcjcfj^g[Vcdid"
iVabZciZ Zfj^eVYd n Xdc aVh b{m^bVh \VgVciVh
!ZcZa=dhe^iVaGZn9dc?V^bZYZ8VhiZaacdZa
=dhe^iVa.YZDXijWgZYZKVaZcX^V#
´Fji^edYZVcZhiZh^VhZZbeaZV4 )hZbVcVhYZgZedhdngZXjeZgVX^c#CddWhiVciZ! AV^c[dgbVX^cXdciZc^YVZcZhiVe{\^cVZhYZXVg{X"
adhZ_ZgX^X^dh[h^Xdh^ciZchdhYZWZcZk^iVghZ]VhiV iZg ^c[dgbVi^kd n Zc c^c\c XVhd ejZYZ! c^ egZiZcYZ!
:a i^ed YZ VcZhiZh^V b{h ZbeaZVYd eVgV gZVa^oVg aVh()hZbVcVh# hjhi^ij^gaV^c[dgbVX^cegdedgX^dcVYVYZbVcZgV^c"
jcVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^VZhaVVcZhiZh^V\ZcZgVa# Y^k^YjVa^oVYVZcaVXdchjaiV#
´:m^hiZcg^Zh\dh4´=Vn\VgVciVh4
´:cfjXdch^hiZaVX^gj\V4
IdYdh adh Vdh hZ gZVa^oVc X^Zcidh YZ VWYdb^cd"
JcVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^VXdbeaZiVhjZaZYjgVgZcigZ' eaVhi^VhXdcm^id#AVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^VZhjcViX"
n(]dgVh!YZeZcY^ZcYdYZaVXVci^YVYYZXdggZXX^c c^XV hZ\jgV! h^ZbegZ n XjVcYd hZ hZaZXX^dcZ W^Zc
cZXZhVg^V# Va eVX^ZciZ! Za fj^g[Vcd Zhi W^Zc Zfj^eVYd n hZV
HZgZVa^oVVigVkhYZjcV^cX^h^cedgZcX^bVYZa gZVa^oVYVedgjcZfj^edYZegd[Zh^dcVaZhXjVa^ÒXV"
kZaadejW^VcdfjZhZegdadc\V]VX^VaVhXVYZgVh#HZ Yd#H^cZbWVg\d!h^ZbegZfjZhZgZVa^oVjcVX^gj\V
a^WZgVaVe^ZaYZaVWYdbZcn!h^ZhegZX^hd!hZgZ[jZg" Zm^hiZcg^Z\dh!Va^\jVafjZXdbea^XVX^dcZhgZaVX^d"
oVcXdchjijgVhadhbhXjadhVWYdb^cVaZhnÒcVa" cVYVhXdcZhiZegdXZY^b^ZcidZcXdcXgZid!Xdbea^"
bZciZhZZa^b^cVZaZmXZhdYZe^Zan\gVhV# XVX^dcZhfjZaZhdcZmea^XVYVhXdcZcYZiVaaZZcaV
XdchjaiV n fjZ hZ ejZYZc gZYjX^g h^ hZ h^\jZc aVh
HZ YZ_Vc YgZcV_Zh n hZ XdadXVg{ jcV [V_V! hdWgZ aV ^chigjXX^dcZh fjZ egdedgX^dcVbdh V adh eVX^ZciZh
odcVigViVYVeVgVXdcigdaVgZa]^cX]VocnZk^iVgZa iVcidVciZhXdbdYZhejhYZaVX^gj\V#
hVc\gVYdneVgVVnjYVgVaVe^ZaVVYVeiVghZVacjZ"
kdXdcidgcd#HjZaZhZgcZXZhVg^daaZkVgaVYjgVciZ' AdhgZhjaiVYdh#
( hZbVcVh! n ajZ\d had YjgVciZ Za YV YjgVciZ 6ciZh YZ jcV VWYdb^cdeaVhi^V/ AVbjhXjaVijgVniZ_^YdhYZaVeV"
aV ^cX^h^c hZ XdadXV hdWgZ Za gZYVWYdb^cVahdcVegdm^"
jcVhhZbVcVhb{h# :h ^bedgiVciZ gZXdgYVg fjZ igVh jcV VWYdb^cd" {gZVeW^XVeVgVeZgb^i^gZmi^g" bVYdheVgVXdchZ\j^gjcVX^cijgV
eaVhi^V! aVh X^XVig^XZh hdc eZgbVcZciZh!n fjZ bZ" eVgZaZmXZhdYZe^ZanYZ\gVhV# b{hZhigZX]VnaVg\V#
AVkjZaiVVaVcdgbVa^YVY _dgVcXdcZai^Zbed]VhiVXdckZgi^ghZZcjcVacZV
XaVgVXVh^^ck^h^WaZ#
CdgbVabZciZ!hZcZXZh^iVc'YVhYZ^c\gZhdZcZa
AV VWYdb^cdeaVhi^V! egdedgX^dcV gZhjaiVYdh ZmXZ"
]dhe^iVa#
aZciZh Zc eVX^ZciZh Xjndh bhXjadh VWYdb^cVaZh
9jgVciZadheg^bZgdhYVhejZYZccdiVghZVa\jcVh Zhi{cYZW^a^iVYdhnedhZZcjcZmXZhdYZe^Zan\gV"
bdaZhi^VhdYdadgfjZhZVa^k^Vg{cXdcaVbZY^XVX^c hV# :c aV bVndgV YZ adh XVhdh adh gZhjaiVYdh hdc
egZhXg^iV# YZÒc^i^kdh!h^ZbegZnXjVcYdhZVXdbeVZYZjcV
Y^ZiVZfj^a^WgVYVnZ_ZgX^X^deZg^Y^Xd#
AdhejcidhYZhjijgV!hZgZi^gVgVcZcigZadh&%nadh
&'YVh# AV YZX^h^c YZ hdbZiZghZ V jcV VWYdb^cdeaVhi^V
Zh Va\d bjn eZghdcVa fjZ cd idYd Za bjcYd i^ZcZ
6 eZhVg YZ fjZ Va eg^cX^e^d cd YZWV Zhi^gVghZ YZa
edgfj ZciZcYZg0 h^ Za eVX^ZciZ Zhi{ hVi^h[ZX]d! aV :a ZmXZhd YZ e^Za Zh Zmi^geVYd0 9ZhejhYZjcVVWYdb^cdeaVhi^V/
idYd!YZWZg{XdbZcoVgVXVb^cVgiVcegdcidXdbd ZaVWYdbZcZhb{heaVcdnZhigZ"
^ciZgkZcX^c]VWg{h^Ydjcm^id# Zc aVh VWYdb^cdeaVhi^Vh Xdb"
hZVedh^WaZ#6a\jcVheZghdcVhkjZakZcVhjigVWV_d eaZiVhZadbWa^\dZhgZXdadXVYd# X]d#AVhX^XVig^XZh!VjcfjZYZÒc^"
ZcjcVh'hZbVcVh!b^ZcigVhfjZdigVhegZX^hVc( i^kVh!hZ]VXZcbZcdhk^h^WaZhXdc
Zai^Zbed#