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Improved Adaptive Current I Segment Protection of Smart Converter Substation
Improved Adaptive Current I Segment Protection of Smart Converter Substation
, Yichang
China
Abstract—In the distributed power access distribution protection[12-15]. In this paper, based on the analysis of the
network, the short circuit current dynamically changes with influence of DG access distribution network on over-current
the difference of accessed capacity and position, resulting in protection, a new adaptive over-current protection method is
insufficient sensitivity or even refusal of the traditional three- proposed. The method considers the faulty point in the
stage current protection based on the maximum operation
upstream, downstream or adjacent feeders of the DG access,
mode setting. Adaptive current protection in the distribution
network needs to be studied. Based on the analysis of the and the system composite network diagram when the phase-
influence of distributed power supply distribution network on to-phase short circuit occurs. On this basis, the over-current
current protection, the composite fault network is constructed protection setting value is calculated. This method has
when the system occurs in the upstream, downstream or strong applicability and expands the scope of protection.
adjacent feeders of the distributed power supply. Further, the
positive sequence voltage and the positive sequence current at II. IMPACT OF DG ACCESS TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON
the time of the fault are used to calculate the current at the end CURRENT Protection
of the line in real time, and based on this, the current value of The adaptive current protection can perform online
the over-current protection I segment is set. Finally, it is
tuning calculation according to the parameter changes caused
verified that the protection method can set the current value
by the current operating mode, so that the grid maintains
and improve the protection performance based on the PSCAD
simulation. optimal performance. Let the short-circuit fault occur at
the Z l , and the existing adaptive protection 1 segment
Keywords—Distributed Power; distribution network; adaptive setting current is:
current protection; composite sequence network diagram;
PSCAD
K rel K d Es
I. INTRODUCTION Id = (1)
Z s + Zl
With the increasing energy and environmental issues,
distributed generation (DG)[1] characterized by high energy Where, is the position of the fault point, and the
efficiency, compatible environment, and adaptability to value range is [0,1]. K rel is 1.2~1.3. The fault type
renewable energy, has become a research central issue.At
coefficient K d is taken as 1 in the case of three-phase short
present, most methods based on DG access to distribution
network focus on: (1) DG is removed after failure, but most circuit, and the two-phase short circuit is taken as 2
3
. Es is
of the faults in the distribution network are transient faults, the equivalent phase potential of the system, Z s is the
which will seriously affect the system if it is immediately
removed[2]; (2) Limit DG exit current and access capacity, impedance of system side and Z l is the impedance of line
which will make DG not maximize output, reduce the side. If I I d , the protection action is performed, the fault is
maximum utilization of DG[3-5]; (3) Fast protection based
removed.
on wide area information under communication, but requires
communication to achieve synchronous transmission[6]; (4) When the DG access to the distribution network, the
some methods of adjusting the protection value in real time above-mentioned traditional over-current protection will
through current changes do not consider the impact of active
control methods on protection in active distribution have the following effects:
networks, and still cause misoperation or refusal[7-9]. (1) When the protection back side is connected with DG,
The single-supply radiating structure of the distribution Z S will change.
network is changed with access of DG[10-11],at the time,the (2) When the DG upstream fault occurs, the current at
operating state and fault level of the power system also are the fault point away from the DG is small, so ES becomes
changed, which poses a severe challenge to relay small and the setting value of the current becomes small. At
this point, the upstream protection of DG may lose
This research was funded by Science and Technology Project of State Grid selectivity.
Corporation of China(No. 52153218002L).
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2019 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG2019), 6-9 Sept., Yichang
China
composite network diagram is shown in Figure 2. Among B. Upstream fault of DG access point
them, U 21 , I 21 is measuring voltage and current for the As shown in Figure 1, when the phase-to-phase short
circuit occurs at the upstream (f1) of the DG access point, the
positive sequence of the protection 2. equivalent composite network diagram is shown in Figure 3.
B Among them, U 51 , I 51 is the measuring voltage and current
+
Zs Z AB I 21 Z BC for the positive sequence of the protection 5, and U11 , I11 is
S U 21
the voltage and current for the positive sequence of the
_ protection 1.
B
Zs Z AB Z BC
(a)
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2019 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG2019), 6-9 Sept., Yichang
China
A B Z AE A
Zs + Z AB (1 − ) Z AB + +
I11 I 51 Z AB
I 41 Zs
S U11 U 51 U 41
_ _ S
_
A B
Z AE A
Zs Z AB (1 − ) Z AB
Z AB
Zs
(a)
(a)
A B
+ Z AB Z AE A Z AB
Zs (1 − ) Z AB + I
I11 51
+
S U11 U 51 I 41 Zs
_ _ U 41
S
(b) _
Fig. 3. Composite network diagram of phase-to-phase short circuit(f1) (b)
(a)Two-phase short circuit Fig. 4. Composite network diagram of phase-to-phase short circuit(f3)
For the protection 1, the positive sequence voltage and (b)Three-phase short circuit
current are used to calculate the current setting value of the
line end in real time, but for the protection 5, should be According to the above composite sequence network
taken as 0 at this time, which is the end of the line protection. diagram, the calculation results about measuring current and
According to the above composite sequence network setting current of the protection 4 are shown in table 3.
diagram, the calculation results about measuring current and
TABLE III. CURRENT MEASUREMENT AND SETTING OF PROTECTION 4
setting current of the protection 1 and protection 5 are
F3 failure
Short circuit type
shown in Table 2. Measuring current I41 Setting current Id41
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2019 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG2019), 6-9 Sept., Yichang
China
range. If the traditional short-circuit current at the end of the Two-phase short Two-phase short
DG Fault circuit circuit
line is set to the maximum short-circuit current, the setting capacity position Setting Measurin Setting Measurin
current g current current g current
value is the largest in the whole line, and the corresponding =0.5 0.0161 0.0223 0.0155 0.0257
sensitivity is not as high as the adaptive setting. In addition, 8MW =0.76 0.0181 0.0184 0.0178 0.0196
it can be seen from the above data that after the DG is =0.84 0.0154 0.0172 0.0181 0.0179
=0.5 0.161 0.0223 0.0154 0.0256
connected, the protection range will decrease as the DG =0.76
4MW 0.0180 0.0183 0.0177 0.0195
capacity increases for the DG downstream line =0.84 0.0153 0.0171 0.0180 0.0178
B. Upstream fault of DG access point It can be seen from Table 7 that when the adjacent
When phase-to-phase short circuit occurs at different feeder fails, the closer the fault point is to the system power
position of the AB line, the setting values and measured supply, the smaller the current setting value is, and the
values of protection 1 and protection 5 at 50%, 76%, and larger the protection range becomes. The reverse current
84% of the AB line are verified respectively. The results are provided by the DG also has less influence on other
as follows: protections. .
In summary, when the fault occurs within 20% of the
TABLE V. CURRENT MEASUREMENT AND SETTING OF PROTECTION
1(KA) outlet of the line, the protection has higher sensitivity and is
Two-phase short Two-phase short not affected by the operation mode. When the fault occurs
DG Fault circuit circuit within 84% of the line, the closer to the end of the line, the
capacity position Setting Measurin Setting Measurin
current g current current g current sensitivity is reduced. Considering that the line has 5%
=0.5 0.0071 0.0118 0.0115 0.0192
range error, the protection must be accurately operated for
8MW =0.76 0.0081 0.0089 0.0139 0.0152
=0.84 0.0077 0.0076 0.0136 0.0135 the fault to occur within 76% of the line. That is, the
=0.5 0.0070 0.0118 0.0115 0.0192 improvement of the current I segment protection can
4MW =0.76 0.0080 0.0088 0.0139 0.0152
improve the sensitivity within the protection range. When
=0.84 0.0076 0.0075 0.0136 0.0135
the fault occurs outside the protection range of 84%, the
TABLE VI. CURRENT MEASUREMENT AND SETTING OF PROTECTION protection can be reliably inoperative, that is, the I segment
5(KA)
protection does not malfunction and ensures reliability.
Two-phase short Two-phase short
DG Fault circuit circuit
capacity position Setting Measurin Setting Measurin
V. CONCLUSION
current g current current g current
=0.5 0.0147 0.0245 0.0188 0.0375
A new adaptive current protection method based on the
8MW =0.76 0.0141 0.0489 0.0209 0.0727 centralized structure of distribution network is proposed in
=0.84 0.0110 0.0575 0.0161 0.0838 this paper. Firstly, the current amplitude is compared in
=0.5 0.0148 0.0246 0.0189 0.0376
=0.76 three cases: DG upstream fault, DG downstream fault, and
4MW 0.0141 0.0490 0.0210 0.0728
=0.84 0.0110 0.0575 0.0161 0.0839 adjacent feeder fault. The current is set near the fault point.
It can be seen from Table 5 and Table 6 that when the From the simulation results, this adaptive online tuning
line fails, the setting value is the largest according to the method can improve the overall sensitivity of the protection.
traditional setting method, but the setting value will When the position of the fault point is different, the setting
values are also different. This method has the following
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2019 International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG2019), 6-9 Sept., Yichang
China
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