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Lesson 5 PDF
Lesson 5 PDF
Transcendent Values
Is there such a thing as right, unchanging and universal value? Is a right value for me
also a right value for you? Are the values that we Filipinos, consider as right also considered by
the Japanese, the Americans or the Spaniards as right values? Or are values dependent on time,
place and culture?
There are two varied answers to the questions, depending on the camp where you belong.
If you belong to the idealist group, there are unchanging and universal values. The values of
love, care and concern for our fellowmen are values for all people regardless of time and space.
They remain unchanged amidst changing times. These are called Transcendent values, because
they are beyond changing times, beyond space and people. They remain to be a value even if no
one values them. They are accepted as value everywhere. On the other hand, the relativists
claim that there no universal and unchanging values. They assert that values are dependent on
time and place. The values that our forefathers believed in are not necessarily the right values
for the present. What the British consider as values are not necessarily considered values by
Filipinos.
In this lesson, our discussion on values formation is based on the premise that there are
transcendent values. Most Filipinos, if not all, believe in a transcendental being whom we call
by different names Bathala, Dios, Kabunian, Allah, and the like.
Values formation includes formation in the cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects
Your value formation as teachers will necessarily include the three dimension. You have
to grow in knowledge and in wisdom and in your ―sensitivity and openness to the variety of
value experiences in life.‖ (Aquino, 1990) You have to be open to and attentive in your value
lesson in ethics and for those sectarian schools, Ethics and religious Education. Take active part
in value sessions like fellowships, recollection organized by your church group or association.
Since values are also caught, help yourself by reading the biographies of heroes, great teachers
and saints (for the Catholics) and other spiritual books. Your lesson in history, religion and
literature are replete with opportunities for inspiring ideals. Associate with model teachers. If
possible, avoid the ―yeast‖ of those who will not exert a very good influence. Take the sound
advice from Desiderata: ―Avoid laud and aggressive persons; they are vexations to the spirit.‖
Join community immersions where you can be exposed to people from various walks of life.
These will broaden your horizon, increase your tolerance level, and sensitizer you to life values.
These will help; you fly high and ―see far‖ to borrow the words of Richard Bach in his book,
Jonathan Livingstone Seagull.
Based on Scheler’s hierarchy of values, the highest values are those that directly pertain
to the Supreme Being while the lowest values are those that pertain to the sensual pleasures. We
act and live well if we stick to Scheler’s hierarchy of values, i.e., give greater preference to the
higher values. We will live miserably if we distort Scheler’s hierarchy of values, like for
instance, when we subordinate the spiritual values to pleasure values. We act well when we give
up the pleasure of drinking excessive alcohol for the sake of our health. But while we take care
of our health, Christians will say, we bear in mind that we do not live by bread alone but also by
the words that comes from the mouth of God (Luke 4:4)…life is more than food and the body
more than clothing (Luke 12:23). Our concerns must go beyond the caring of our bodily health.
As we learned in Lesson 1, man is an embodied spirit and so we also need to be concerned with
matters of the spirit like appreciation of what is right and what is beautiful. The saints have been
raised to the pedestal and are worthy of the veneration of the faithful because they gave up their
life for their faith in the Holy one. San Lorenzo Ruiz, the first Filipino saint, spurned offers of
liberty and life for his faith in God. Having done so, he affirmed the absolute superiority of the
Holy. We also know of Albert Schweitzer, the much honored physician, missionary and
musician who because of his deep reverence for life spent many years extending humanitarian
assistance by treating thousands and thousands of sick people during his medical mission in
Africa. He also built his hospital and leper colony for the less unfortunate in Africa. We cannot
ignore Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta, India who chose to leave a more comfortable life in
the convent n order to devote her life bathing, consoling, and picking up the dying outcasts in the
streets of Calcutta out of genuine love and compassion.
Outside the Catholic Church, we too, can cite several chose lives were focused on matters
of the spirit more than the body. At this point we cite Mahatma Ghandi, the great political and
spiritual leader of India, who passionately fought discrimination with his principles of truth, non-
violence, and courage. His non-violent resistance to the British rule in India lead to the
independence of India in 1947. We do not forget Helen Keller, who despite her being blind,
traveled to developing and war-ravaged countries to improve the conditions of the blind like her
for them to live meaningful life. Of course, we do not forget Dr. Jose Rizal, our national hero,
Benigno Aquino Jr. and all other heroes of our nation who gave up their lives for the freedom
that we now enjoy. And many more for you to talk about at the end of this chapter.
Activity No. 8
Journal Entry:
Read the following and in the context of value formation write down your
response/action plan to each as a proof that you accept continuing personal value
formation.
1) Take care of your thoughts, they become your actions; take care of your
actions, they become your habits; take care of your habits, they
become your character; take care of your character, it become your
destiny!
2) ―What does it profit a man if he gains the whole world but loses his
soul‖?
3) …store up treasures in heaven neither moth nor decay destroys, nor
thieves break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there also will your
heart be‖. (Matthew 7:20).
4) ―Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of
value.‖—Albert Einstein
5) ―It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is
invisible to the eyes.‖
Abstraction/Generalization
If values are both taught and caught and learning takes place informally in any place and
in any time, apparently, each individual is responsible in the formation of their respective value
systems which eventually constitute ones personality. Reflect on your own personality and
answer the question ―How did I formed My Value System?
This will be your individual Output No. 5. How did I Formed my Value Systems?
Lesson 5: Assessment
Test your understanding.
1) Do we have such things as unchanging values in these changing times?
2) What do we mean when we say transcendent values are independent with time, space
and people?
3) Should values be taught? Why?
4) What are the three dimensions of value and value formation? Explain each.
5) Value formation is training of the intellect and the will. What does this training
consists of?
6) What is the effect of good habit (virtue) and bad habits (vice) on the will?
7) Which is the lowest value in Scheler’s value hierarchy? Which is the highest?
8) Based on Scheler’s hierarchy of values, what is a life well lived?
Reference:
1) Bilbao, Purita P. Ed. D., et. al. The Teaching Profession, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing Co.,
Inc., 2012.
2) Bilbao, Purita P. Ed. D., et. al. The Teaching Profession, Metro Manila: Lorimar Publishing Co.,
Inc., 2006.
3) Internet