Berchick, E. R., Hood, E., & Barnett, J. C. (2019, November 29).

Health insurance coverage in

the United States: 2018. United States Census Bureau.
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2019/demo/p60-
267.pdf
The authors of this article have all attained a higher level of college education, acquiring a
master's or Ph.D.in Statisticians, providing credible statistics on the public’s health and financial
system. Moreover, this article will provide beneficial statistical values to health care experts that
are focusing their studies among racial groups and the disadvantages without health coverage.
The data introduces individuals who are insured or uninsured within the U.S population, mostly
those who are uninsured are minorities that have had prior negative effects to their
socioeconomic position. Lastly, each of the other articles will target different relations to
inequity to healthcare. (CL)

Chastain, D. B., Osae, S. P., Henao-Martínez, A. F., Franco-Paredes, C., Chastain, J. S., &
Young, H. N. (2020, August 27). Racial disproportionality in Covid clinical trials. New
England Journal of Medicine, 383(9). doi:10.1056/NEJMp2021971
This article's authors, which compose of pharmacists and physicians, identify the need for
researchers and scientists to recruit more minority groups for remdesivir clinical trials for
treating COVID-19 patients. The lack of diversity in participants limits the study's ability to
generalize all populations' efficacy and safety. This absence pattern that ultimately affects health
outcomes can also be seen in health coverage status as stated by Berchick et al. and in testing
rates explained by Golestaneh et al. Furthermore, Li et al. points out the devastating data
affecting the healthcare system in nursing homes predominantly within racial minority groups.
(SC)

Golestaneh, L., Neugarten, J., Fisher, M., Billett, H. H., Gil, M. R., Johns, T., Yunes, M.,
Mokrzycki, M. H., Coco, M., Norris, K. C., Perez, H. R., Scott, S., Kim, R. S., & Bellin,
E. (2020, August 1). The association between race and COVID-19 mortality. EClinical
Medicine, 25, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100455
A cohort study examined 505,992 ambulatory care patients from the Bronx Montefiore Health
System from before and during COVID-19 period. Working at the Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Golestaneh et al. questioned how these time frames affected rates of testing,
hospitalization, mortality, and the role of race. Like Liberman-Cribbin et al., Hispanics were
found to be tested less than Whites. Although African Americans were tested more than Whites
and Hispanics, they had a higher mortality rate during the COVID-19 period. This is likely due
to preexisting conditions caused by poor healthcare accessibility, which can contribute to being a
comorbidity during the pandemic. (KH)

Li, Y., Cen, X., Cai, X., & Temkin‐Greener, H. (2020). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID‐
19 Infections and Deaths Across U.S. Nursing Homes. Journal of the American
Geriatrics Society, 68(11), 2454–2461. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16847
Researchers from the Division of Health Policy and Outcomes at the prestigious University of
Rochester conducted an extensive analysis of COVID-19 outcomes versus nursing home
characteristics: racial makeup of residents, nursing home ratings, allocated resources, et cetera.
As COVID-19 has ravaged through nursing homes across the nation, this study illuminates racial
health disparities among the most vulnerable population and, further, the lack of equity in
healthcare while calling for immediate action from public health officials. Ford, C. L., &
Airhihenbuwa, C. O. address Critical Race Theory and how systemic racism influences the
disparities found by Dr. Yue Li and contributors. (AM)