Lecture 8 Study Guide

● Cell Metabolism: all the reactions in the cell

● Pathway: series of reactions in a particular order

- Catabolic Pathway: breaking down molecules
- Exergonic reactions
- Anabolic Pathway: building molecules
- Endergonic reactions

● Energy: capacity to do work

- Kinetic energy: being used
- Potential energy: store energy
- Thermodynamics: study of energy changes
1st Law: energy can be changed or transferred
2nd Law: when energy is changed some of it is lost to the system
- Lost as entropy (randomness)= heat
- Free energy: not lost, unusable energy
- The type of energy that cells use: ATP
ATP → ADP + P

● Enzymes: a category of proteins

- The place where reactions occur
- Lowers the energy of activation: energy needed to start a reaction
- Substrate = reactant (when it binds to enzyme)
- Active site: site where reaction occurs on the enzyme
- Competitive inhibitor: shuts down reaction by getting in the way of active site
- Non-competitive inhibitor: shut down active site (changing its shape) by binding
to another site
- Multienzyme complex: enzymes of a pathway, assembled together
- Feedback inhibition: pathway is turned off by its final product