2020

EEC463 ASSIGNMENT 1

MOHAN RAM
2019003115
10/22/2020
 1. A. the encapsulation process is where the data packet to be sent is packed and processed and
then sent. The encapsulation process consists of 7 layers which are the
Application layer- provides network services to application processes (such as EMAIL, file
transfer and terminal emulation) this gives end user applications access to network resources.
Presentation layer- this is where the data representation occurs. This insures that the data is
readable by receiving system, data building occurs.
Session layer- this layer establishes, manages and terminates sessions between applications.
Allows applications to maintain ongoing session.
Transport layer- this layer provides reliable data delivery and receives info from the upper
layers and then segments it into packets. It can also provide error detection and correction.
Network layer- provides network wide addressing and a mechanism to move packets between
networks this is where the packaging of data occurs and looks for the source IP and destination
IP address.
Data link layer- places data and retrieves it from the physical layer and provides error detection
capabilities.
Physical layer- this layer determines the specifications for all physical components. This changes
the information into bits of 1s and 0s.

B. the de-encapsulation process is the opposite of the encapsulation process where the data is
received De-encapsulation takes place in receiving computer. In de-encapsulation process, header and
trailer attached in encapsulation process are removed. Physical layer picks encoded signals from media
and converts them in frames and hands them over to the data link layer.
2.

A. The four layers of the TCP/IP model include the application, transport, internet, network
address which are.
Application layer- Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog
control. The TCP/IP combines all application-related issues into one layer, and assures this data is
properly packaged for the next layer.
Transport layer- The transport layer deals with the quality-of-service issues of reliability, flow
control, and error correction.
Internet layer- Send source packets from any network on the internetwork and have them arrive
at the destination independent of the path and networks they took to get there.
Network access layer- Concerned with all of the issues that an IP packet requires to actually
make the physical link. All the details in the OSI physical and data link layers.

B. The various protocols of each layer include

Application layer- FTP, HTTP, SMNP, DNS.
-Format of data, data structure, encode.
-Dialog control, session management
Transport layer- Segments, data stream, datagram.
-Connection oriented and connectionless.
-Transmission control protocol (TCP).
-User datagram protocol (UDP).
-End-to-end flow control.
-Error detection and recovery.
Internet layer- Packets, Logical addressing.
-Internet Protocol (IP).
-Route, routing table, routing protocol.
Network access layer- Electrical, mechanical, procedural and functional specifications.
-Data rate, Distances, Physical connector.
-Frames, physical addressing.
-Synchronization, flow control, error control.