CBSE NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 03: Back of Chapter Questions

Class–XI–CBSE-Mathematics Trigonometric Functions
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 03

Back of Chapter Questions
1. Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures:

(i)25o
(ii)−47o 30′
(iii)240o
(iv)520o
Solution:
(i) Step1:
Given degree is 25o
It is known that 180o = πradian
𝜋
Therefore, 25o = 180 × 25radian
5𝜋
= radian
36
Overall Hint: Convert the degree measures to radians by using the formula Angle in
𝜋
degree = × 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 radian
180
(ii) Step1:
Given degree is −47o 30’
1
−47o 30′ = −47 2degree [∵ 1o = 60′ ]
95o
=−
2
As180o = 𝜋radian
95o 𝜋 −95 −19
⇒− 2
= 180 × ( 2
)radian= ( 72 ) 𝜋radian
−19
Therefore, −47o 30’ = ( 72 ) 𝜋radian
𝜋
degree =
180
× 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 radian
(iii) Step1:
Given degree is240o
It is known that 180o = 𝜋radian
𝜋
⸫240o = 180 × 240radian
1
Practice more on Trigonometric Functions www.embibe.com
4𝜋
= radian
3
𝜋
degree =
180
× 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 radian
a. Step1:
Given degree is520o
As 180o = 𝜋radian
𝜋 26𝜋
Therefore, 520o = 180 × 520radian= 9 radian
𝜋
degree = × 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 radian
180
22
2. Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures(Useπ = 7
)
11
(i)
16
(ii)−4
5π
(iii) 3
7π
(iv) 6
Solution:
(i) Step1:
11
Given radian is16
As 𝜋radian= 180o
11 180 11 45×11
⇒ 16
radian= π × 16degree= 𝜋×4 degree
45×11×7
= degree
22×4
315
= 8
degree
3
= 39 8degree
Step2:
3×60
= 39o + 8
Minutes [1o = 60′]
2
1
= 39o + 22’ + 2minutes
=39o 22′ 30” [1’ = 60”]
Overall Hint: Convert the given radian angle into degrees by using the formula Rad ×
180/π = Deg
(ii) Step1:
Given radian is −4
As 𝜋radian= 180𝑜
180 180×7×(−4)
−4radian= × (−4)radian= degree
π 22
−2520 1
= degree= −229 degree
11 11
1×60
= −229o + 11 minutes [1o = 60′]
Step2:
5
= −229o + 5’ + minutes
11
5×60
= −229o + 5’ + 11
minutes
= −229o 5′27" [1’ = 60”]

180/π = Deg
(iii) Step1:
5𝜋
Given radian is 3
As πradian= 180o
5𝜋 180 5𝜋
3
radian= π × 3 radian
= 300o
180/π = Deg
(iv) Step1:
7𝜋
Given radian is 6
As 𝜋radian= 180o
3
7𝜋 180 7𝜋
6
radian= π × 6 radian= 210o
180/π = Deg
3. A wheel makes 360revolutions in one minute. Through how many radians does it turn in
one second?
Solution:
Step1:
Given,
Numberofrevolutionsmadebythewheelin1minute= 360
360
Therefore, Numberofrevolutionmadebythewheelin1second= 60
=6
For one completerevolution,thewheel willturnanangleof2πradian.

Therefore,in6completerevolutions,itwillturnanangleof= 6 × 2π = 12π radian
Hence,inonesecond,thewheelturnsanangleof12πradian.
Overall Hint: Convert the revolutions per minute to radians per second by using the
formula 1 rpm = 2(pi)/60 = pi/30 radians per second
4. Find the degree measure of the angle subtended at the Centre of a circle of
22
radius100 cm by an arc of length22 cm (Useπ = )
7
Solution:
Step1:
Given,
radiusofcircle= 100 cm,
lengthofarc= 22 cm.
Consider theanglesubtendedbythearcattheCentreofthecircleasθ.
4
arc
Weknow, θ = radius
Step2:
22 180 22 180×7×22
θ= radian= × degree= degree
100 π 100 22×100
126
= 10
degree
3
= 12 degree
5
3×60
= 12 5
degree [1o = 60′]
= 12o 36′
Therefore,therequiredangleis12o 36’.
Overall DL: M
Overall Hint: Find the angle subtended at the center of the circle by using the formula
arc 180×7×22
θ= then find the angle measure in degree by using θ = degree
radius 22×100
5. In a circle of diameter40 cm,the length of a chord is20 cm.Find the length of minor arc
of the chord.
Solution:
Step1:
Step1:
Step2:
Given, Diameter of the circle= 40 cm
40
So, Radius of the circle= 2
cm = 20 cm
Let AB be a chord of the circle.
5
InΔOAB, OA = OB =radiusofcircle= 20 cm
Also, AB = 20 cm
Therefore ΔOAB is equilateral triangle.

𝜋
⸫θ = 60o = 3 radian
Step3:
arc
We know that θ = radius
Arc= θ ×Radius
𝜋
= × 20 cm
3
20𝜋
= cm
3
20𝜋
Therefore, the length of the minor arc of the chord is 3
cm.
Overall Hint: Draw a rough figure making use of the given data then find the measure
of the angle in radians. Also find the arc length using the formula Arc= θ ×Radius
6. If in two circles,arcs of the same length subtend angles60o and75o at the Centre,find
the ratio of their radii.
Solution:
Step1:
π 60𝜋
Let the angle formed by the arc of first circle θ1 = 60o = 60 × (180)radian= 180
π 75π
Let the angle formed by the arc of second circle θ2 = 75o = 75 × (180) = 180
Let the radius of first circle be 𝑟1 and radius of second circle be 𝑟2

arc
It is known that, θ = radius
Step2:
arc
Radius= θ
6
𝑎𝑟𝑐
𝑟1 𝜃1 𝜃2
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 =
𝑟2 𝜃1
𝜃2
75π
r1 180 75 5
= 60π = =
r2 60 4
180
Therefore, the ratio of their radii is 5: 4

Overall Hint:First find the angles formed by the arcs of the two circles in radians then
𝑎𝑟𝑐
𝑟1 𝜃1 𝜃2
make use of the formula
𝑟2
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 = 𝜃1
to find ratio of their radii.
𝜃2
7. Find the angle in radian through which a pendulum swings if its length is75 cm and the
tip describes an arc of length.
(i)10 cm
(ii)15 cm
(iii)21 cm
Solution:
We know that in a circle of radius 𝑟, if an arc of length 𝑙 unit subtends an angle θ radian
𝑙
at the Centre, then 𝜃 = 𝑟
Given that 𝑟 = 75 cm
(i) Step1:
Here,𝑙 = 10 cm
𝑙
𝜃=
𝑟
10 2
𝜃= 75
radian= 15radian
Overall Hint: Find the angle using formula

𝑙
𝜃 = radian
𝑟
(ii) Step1:
Here,𝑙 = 15 cm
𝑙
𝜃=
𝑟
15 1
⇒θ= 75
radian= 5radian
7

𝑙
𝜃 = radian
𝑟
(iii) Step1:
Here,𝑙 = 21 cm
𝑙
𝜃=
𝑟
21
θ= 75
radian
7
= radian
25
𝑙
𝜃 = 𝑟 radian
Exercise3.2
Find the values of other five trigonometric functions in Exercise 1 to 5.
1
1. cos 𝑥 = − 2 , 𝑥 lies in third quadrant.
Solution:
Step1:
1
Given, cos 𝑥 = 2
1 1
Therefore, sec 𝑥 = = 1 = −2
cos 𝑥 −
2
We know that sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
Step2:
⇒ sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥
2
1 2
⇒ sin 𝑥 = 1 − (− )
2
1
⇒ sin2 𝑥 = 1 −
4
3
⇒ sin2 𝑥 =
4
√3
Therefore, sin 𝑥 = ± 2
8
√3
The value of sin𝑥 is negative as 𝑥 lies in third quadrant. So, sin 𝑥 = − 2
Step3:
1
We know that cosec 𝑥 = sin𝑥
2
⇒ cosec 𝑥 = −
√3
√3
sin𝑥 − 2
We know that tan 𝑥 = =
cos𝑥 −1
2
Therefore, tan 𝑥 = √3
1
We know that cot 𝑥 =
tan𝑥
1
Therefore, cot𝑥 = 3
√
Overall Hint: As cos x is given we can find sec x as its reciprocal then we will find sin
x using 1 – cos^2(x) and then cosec x as its reciprocal the cot x and tan x can be
found using the ratio of cos x and sin x
3
2. sin 𝑥 = 5 , 𝑥Liesinsecondquadrant.
Solution:
Step1:
3
Given, sin 𝑥=
5
1
cosec 𝑥 =
sin𝑥
5
⇒ cosec 𝑥 =
3
We know that, sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
Step2:
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
3 2
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1 − ( )
5
9
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 −
25
9
16
⇒ cos2 𝑥 =
25
4
⇒ cos 𝑥 = ±
5
4
The value of cos is negative as 𝑥 lies in second quadrant. So, cos 𝑥 = −
5
Step3:
1
We know that, sec 𝑥 =
cos𝑥
5
⇒ sec 𝑥 = −
4
sin𝑥
We know that, tan 𝑥 =
cos𝑥
3
5 3
= 4 =−
− 4
5
1 4
We know that, cot 𝑥 = tan𝑥 = − 3
Overall Hint: As sin x is given we can find cosec x as its reciprocal then we will find
cos x using 1 – sin^2(x) and then sec x as its reciprocal the cot x and tan x can be
found using the ratio of cos x and sin x
3
3. cot 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 lies in third quadrant.
Solution:
Step1:
3
Given, cot 𝑥 = 4
1
We know that, tan 𝑥 = cot𝑥
4
⇒ tan 𝑥 =
3
We know that cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + cot 2 𝑥
3 2
⇒ cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + ( )
4
9 25
⇒ cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + =
16 16
10
25
⇒ cosec 𝑥 = ±√
16
5
Therefore, cosec 𝑥 = ± 4
Step2:
But x lies in third quadrant so cosec𝑥 will be negative.
5
⇒ cosec 𝑥 = −
4
1
We know that sin 𝑥 = cosec𝑥
4
sin 𝑥 = −
5
Also,sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
4 2
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 − (− )
5
16
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 −
25
9
⇒ cos2 𝑥 =
25
3
⇒ cos 𝑥 = ±
5
Step3:
But 𝑥 lies in third quadrant,so value of cos𝑥 is negative.
3
Therefore, cos 𝑥 = −
5
1 5
sec 𝑥 = =−
cos 𝑥 3
Overall Hint: As cot x is given we can find tan x as its reciprocal then we will find
cosec x using 1 + cot^2(x) and then sin x as its reciprocal the cos x and sec x can be
found using the 1- sin^(2)x and the reciprocal of cos x will be sec x
13
4. sec 𝑥 = ,𝑥 lies in fourth quadrant.
5
11
Solution:
Step1:
13
Given, sec 𝑥 = 5
1 5
⇒ cos 𝑥 = =
sec𝑥 13
We know that sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
⇒ sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥
2
5 2
⇒ sin 𝑥 = 1 − ( )
13
144
⇒ sin2 𝑥 =
169
12
⇒ sin 𝑥 = ±
13
Step2:
But 𝑥 lie in a fourth quadrant, so value of sin 𝑥 is negative.
12
Therefore, sin 𝑥 = −
13
1 13
Also,cosec 𝑥 = sin𝑥 = − 12
12
sin 𝑥 − 12
tan 𝑥 = = 513 = −
cos 𝑥 5
13
1
cot 𝑥 =
tan𝑥
5
Therefore, cot 𝑥 = − 12
Overall Hint: As sec x is given we can find cos x as its reciprocal then we will find sin
x using 1 – cos^2(x) and then cosec x as its reciprocal the cot x and tan x can be
found using the ratio of cos x and sin x and vice versa
5
5. tan x = − ,x in second quadrant.
12
Solution:
Step1:
12
5
Given, tan 𝑥 = − 12
1
cot 𝑥 =
tan𝑥
12
⇒ cot 𝑥 = −
5
We know that cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + cot 2 𝑥
12 2
⇒ cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + (− )
5
144 169
⇒ cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + =
25 25
169
⇒ cosec𝑥 = ±√
25
13
⇒ cosec𝑥 = ±
5
Step2:
But 𝑥 lies in second quadrant, so cosec𝑥 is positive.
13
⸫cosec𝑥 =
5
1
We know that sin 𝑥 =
cosec 𝑥
5
sin 𝑥 =
13
Also,sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
2
5 2
⇒ cos 𝑥 = 1 − ( )
13
25
⇒ cos2 𝑥 = 1 −
169
144
⇒ cos2 𝑥 =
169
12
⇒ cos 𝑥 = ±
13
13
Step3:
But 𝑥 lies in these con quadrant, so value of cos𝑥 is negative.
12
Therefore, cos 𝑥 = − 13
1
We know that, sec 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
13
Therefore, sec 𝑥 = − 12
Overall Hint: As tan x is given we can find cot x as its reciprocal then we will find
cosec x using 1 + cot^2(x) and then sin x as its reciprocal the cos x can be found
using 1 – sin^2(x) and sec x as its reciprocal
Find the values of the trigonometric functions in Exercises 6 to 10

6. sin 765o
Solution:
Step1:
sin 765o can be written as sin(2 × 360o + 45o )
= sin 45o [∵ sin is positive in first quadrant]
1
=
√2
1
Therefore, sin 765o =
√2
Overall Hint: Write sin 765o as sin (2*360 + 45) using Sin(2𝜋+ x) = sin x we get sin
1
765 as
√2
7. cosec (−1410o )
Solution:
Step1:
Given,cosec(−1410o )
= −cosec(1410o )
= − cosec(4 × 360o − 30o )
= −cosec(−30o )
14
= cosec(30o )
=2
Overall Hint: Write cosec (−1410o ) as cosec (4 × 360o − 30o ) using cosec
(2n𝜋+x) = Cosec we get cosec (−1410o ) as 2
19π
8. tan 3
Solution:
Step1:
19𝜋
Given, tan
3
19𝜋 𝜋
tan = tan (6𝜋 + )
3 3
𝜋
= tan [We know that value of tan 𝑥 repeats after an interval of 𝜋 or 180o ]
3
= √3
19π
Therefore, tan 3
= √3
19π 𝜋
Overall Hint: Write tan as tan(6𝜋 + 3 ) and using tan(2n𝜋 + 𝑥) = tan x we get
3
19π
tan 3
= √3
11π
9. sin (− 3
)
Solution:
Step1:
11𝜋
Given, sin (− )
3
11𝜋 11𝜋
sin (− ) = − sin ( ) [∵sin is negative in fourth quadrant]
3 3
𝜋
= − sin (4𝜋 − )
3
𝜋
= − [− sin ( 3 )] [∵sin is negative in fourth quadrant]
15
𝜋
=sin ( 3 )
√3
=
2
11π 11𝜋 𝜋
Overall Hint: Write sin (− ) as - sin ( ) = - sin (4𝜋 − 3 ) then using sin (2n𝜋 - x)
3 3
11π √3
= -sin x we get sin (− 3 ) as 2
15π
10. cot (− 4
)
Solution:
Step1:
15𝜋
Given, cot (− 4
)
15𝜋 15𝜋
cot (− ) = − cot ( ) [∵cot is negative in fourth quadrant]
4 4
𝜋
= − cot (4𝜋 − )
4
𝜋
= − [− cot ( 4 )] [∵cot is negative in fourth quadrant]
𝜋
= cot ( )
4
=1
15π 15𝜋 𝜋
Overall Hint: Write cot (− ) as - cot ( ) then as -- cot (4𝜋 − ) using cot (2n𝜋-
4 4 4
15π
x) = cot x we get cot (− 4 ) as 1
Exercise:3.3
π π π 1
1. sin2 + cos2 − tan2 = −
6 3 4 2
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
L.H.Ssin2 6 + cos 2 3 − tan2 4
1 2 1 2
= ( ) + ( ) − (1)2
2 2
1 1
= 4
+ 4 −1
16
1
= −1
2
1
=−
2
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS.
π π π
Overall Hint: Substitute the values of sin cos , tan in the LHS . This will be equal
6 3 4
to what’s given in the RHS hence proved
π 7π π 3
2. Prove that : 2 sin2 6 + cosec 2 6
cos2 3 =2
Solution:
π 7π π
L.H.S= 2 sin2 6 + cosec 2 6
cos2 3
1 2 2
𝜋 1 2
= 2 ( ) + cosec (𝜋 + ) ( )
2 6 2
1 𝜋 2 1
=2× + (−cosec ) ( )
4 6 4
1 1
= + (−2)2 ( )
2 4
1
= +1
2
3
=
2
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS.
π 7π π
Overall Hint: Substitute the values of sin , cosec , cos 3 in the LHS . This will be
6 6
equal to what’s given in the RHS
π π π
3. Prove that cot 2 6 + cosec 5 6 + 3 tan2 6 = 6
Solution:
𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
L.H.S= cot 2 6 + cosec 6
+ 3tan2 6
17
2 𝜋 1 2
= (√3) + cosec (𝜋 − ) + 3 ( )
6 √3
𝜋 1
= 3 + cosec ( ) + 3 ×
6 3
=3+2+1
=6
=R.H.S
Hence, LHS = RHS.
π π π
Overall Hint: Substitute the values of cot , cosec , tan 6 in the LHS . This will be
6 6
3π π π
4. Prove that 2 sin2 4
+ 2 cos2 4 + 2 sec 2 3 = 10
Solution:
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
GIVEN, L.H.S= 2sin2 + 2cos2 + 2sec 2
4 4 3
𝜋 1 2
2sin2 (𝜋 − ) + 2 ( ) + 2(2)2
4 √2
𝜋 1
= 2sin2 ( ) + 2 × + 2 × 4
4 2
1 2
= 2( ) + 1 + 8
√2
=1+1+8
= 10
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS.
3π π π
Overall Hint: Substitute the values of sin , cos , sec 3 in the LHS . This will be
4 4
5. Find the value of:

(i)sin 75o
(ii)tan 15o
18
Solution:
(i) Step1: sin75𝑜 = sin(45𝑜 + 30𝑜 )
= sin 45o cos 30o + cos 45o sin 30o [∵ sin(𝑋 + 𝑌) = sin 𝑋 cos𝑌 +
cos𝑋 sin𝑌]
1 √3 1 1
= × + ×
√2 2 √2 2
√3 1
= +
2√2 2√2
√3 + 1
=
2√2
Overall Hint: The value of sin 75 can be found using sin (60+15) with the help of
formula sin(𝑋 + 𝑌) = sin 𝑋 cos𝑌 + cos𝑋 sin𝑌 by taking 60 and 15 as X and Y
respectively
(ii) Step1:
tan15𝑜 = tan(45𝑜 − 30𝑜 )
tan45o −tan30𝑜 tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦
= 1+tan45o tan30o [∵ tan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1+tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦]
1
1−
√3
= 1
1+1×
√3
√3 − 1
=
√3 + 1
2
(√3 − 1) 3 + 1 − 2√3 4 − 2√3
= = 2 =
(√3) − 12 3−1
(√3 − 1) (√3 + 1)
= 2 − √3
Overall Hint: The value of tan 15 can be found using tan(45-30) with the help of
tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦
formula tan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = by taking 45 and 30 as x and y respectively
1+tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
π π π π
6. Prove the following :cos ( − x) cos ( − y) − sin ( − x) sin ( − y) = sin (x + y)
4 4 4 4
Solution:
19
Step1:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
L.H.S= cos ( 4 − 𝑥) cos ( 4 − 𝑦) − sin ( 4 − 𝑥) sin ( 4 − 𝑦)
1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
= [2cos ( − 𝑥) cos ( − 𝑦)] + [−2sin ( − 𝑥) sin ( − 𝑦)]
2 4 4 2 4 4
1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
= [cos {( − 𝑥) + ( − 𝑦)}] + [cos {( − 𝑥) − ( − 𝑦)}]
2 4 4 2 4 4
1 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
+ [cos {( − 𝑥) + ( − 𝑦)}] − [cos {( − 𝑥) − ( − 𝑦)}]
2 4 4 2 4 4
[∵ 2cos𝐴cos𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) and −2sin𝐴 sin𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) −

cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)]
Step2:
1 𝜋
= × 2cos ( − (𝑥 + 𝑦))
2 2
𝜋
= cos [ − (𝑥 + 𝑦)]
2
= sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
=R.H.S
Hence RHS = LHS
Overall Hint: By multiplying the LHS throughout with 2 and dividing it with ½ and
using the identity 2cos𝐴cos𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) and −2sin𝐴 sin𝐵 =
cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) − cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) We can prove the LHS and RHS as equal
π
tan( +x)
4 1+tanx 2
7. Prove that: π =( )
tan( −x) 1−tanx
4
Solution:
Step1:
We know that,
tan 𝑥+tan 𝑦 tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦
tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 1−tan 𝑥 .tan 𝑦 andtan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1+tan 𝑥.tan 𝑦
𝜋
tan( +𝑥)
4
Given, L.H.S= 𝜋
tan( −𝑥)
4
20
𝜋
tan +tan 𝑥
4
𝜋
1−tan tan 𝑥
4
= 𝜋
tan −tan 𝑥
4
𝜋
1+tan tan 𝑥
4
1+tan 𝑥
1−tan 𝑥
= 1−tan 𝑥
1+tan 𝑥
1 + tan 𝑥 2
=( )
1 − tan 𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence, LHS = RHS
tan 𝑥+tan 𝑦 tan 𝑥−tan 𝑦
Overall Hint:Use the identities tan(𝑥 + 𝑦) = andtan(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1+tan 𝑥.tan 𝑦
1−tan 𝑥 .tan 𝑦
In the numerator and denominator of The LHS to prove the RHS
cos(π+𝑥)cos(−𝑥)
8. Prove that π = cot 2 𝑥
sin(π−𝑥)cos( +𝑥)
2
Solution:
Step1:
cos(𝜋+𝑥)cos(−𝑥)
Given, L.H.S= 𝜋
sin(𝜋−𝑥)cos( +𝑥)
2
(−cos 𝑥)( cos𝑥)

=
(sin 𝑥) (−sin𝑥)
cos2 𝑥
=
sin2 𝑥
= cot 2 𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS
𝜋
Overall Hint: Cos(𝜋+x) = - cos x and cos (-x) = cos x and sin(𝜋 − 𝑥) = sinx, cos( +
2
𝑥) – sin x in the numerator and denominator of the LHS to prove the RHS
21
3π 3π
9. cos ( 2 + 𝑥) cos(2π + 𝑥) [cot ( 2 − 𝑥) + cot(2π + 𝑥)] = 1
Solution:
Step1:
3𝜋 3𝜋
Given, L.H.S.= cos ( 2 + 𝑥) cos(2𝜋 + 𝑥) [cot ( 2 − 𝑥) + cot(2𝜋 + 𝑥)]
= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 [tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥]

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 [ + ]
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥
= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 [ ]
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
= sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥
=1
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
2𝑛+1𝜋 3𝜋
Overall Hint: Use Cos( + 𝑥) = sin x , cos(2𝑛𝜋 + 𝑥 ) = cos x and [cot ( − 𝑥) +
2 2
cot(2𝜋 + 𝑥)] = tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 in the LHS to prove the RHS
10. Prove that sin(n + 1) 𝑥 sin(n + 2) 𝑥 + cos(n + 1) 𝑥 cos(n + 2) 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= sin(𝑛 + 1) 𝑥 sin(𝑛 + 2)𝑥 + cos(𝑛 + 1) 𝑥 cos(𝑛 + 2)𝑥
1
= (2 sin(𝑛 + 1) 𝑥 sin(𝑛 + 2)𝑥 + 2 cos(𝑛 + 1) 𝑥 cos(𝑛 + 2)𝑥)
2
1
= [cos{(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 − (𝑛 + 2)𝑥} − cos{(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 + (𝑛 + 2)𝑥}]
2
1
+ [cos{(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 + (𝑛 + 2)𝑥} + cos{(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 − (𝑛 + 2)𝑥}]
2
1
= × 2cos{(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 − (𝑛 + 2)𝑥}
2
= cos(−𝑥)
22
= cos 𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS
Overall Hint: Multiply the LHS of the equation throughout by 2 and divide with ½ then
use the formula cos(A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B to prove the RHS
3π 3π
11. Prove that cos ( + 𝑥) − cos ( − 𝑥) = −√2 sin 𝑥
4 4
Solution:
Step1:
3𝜋 3𝜋
L.H.S= cos ( + 𝑥) − cos ( − 𝑥)
4 4
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
We know that,cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( 2
) sin ( 2 )
3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
( +𝑥)+( −𝑥) ( +𝑥)−( −𝑥)
4 4 4 4
So, L.H.S.= −2sin { 2
} sin { 2
}
3𝜋
= −2sin ( ) sin𝑥
4
𝜋
= −2sin (𝜋 − ) sin𝑥
4
𝜋
= −2sin ( ) sin𝑥
4
1
= −2 × sin𝑥
√2
= −√2sin𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence Proved
Overall Hint: Use the formula cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( ) sin ( 2 ) in the LHS to
2
𝜋 𝜋
prove the RHS. Also use sin (𝜋 − 4
)= sin ( 4 )
23
12. Prove that sin2 6𝑥 − sin2 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 sin 10𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= sin2 6𝑥 − sin2 4𝑥
= (sin6𝑥 − sin4𝑥)(sin6𝑥 + sin4𝑥)
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( )and sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2 2 2
6𝑥+4𝑥 6𝑥−4𝑥 6𝑥+4𝑥 6𝑥−4𝑥
L.H.S.= [2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 )] [2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )]
= [2 cos 5𝑥 sin 𝑥][2 sin 5𝑥 cos 𝑥]

= [2 sin 5𝑥 cos 5𝑥][2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥]
= sin 10𝑥 sin 2𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence RHS = LHS
Overall Hint: Write the LHS using a^2 – b^2 = (a+b)*(a-b) then make use of the
formulae sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( 2 )and sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 =
2
2cos ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )
to prove the RHS
13. Prove that cos 2 2𝑥 − cos2 6𝑥 = sin 4𝑥 sin 8𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
L.H.S.= cos2 2𝑥 − cos2 6𝑥
= (cos 2𝑥 + cos 6𝑥)(cos 2𝑥 − cos 6𝑥)
We know that,
cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( 2
) sin ( 2 )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 )
2𝑥+6𝑥 2𝑥−6𝑥 2𝑥+6𝑥 2𝑥−6𝑥
So,L.H.S.= [−2sin ( 2
) sin ( 2 )] [2cos ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )]
= [−2sin(4𝑥)sin(−2𝑥)][2cos(4𝑥)cos(−2𝑥)]
= [2 sin 4𝑥 sin 2𝑥][2 cos 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥]
= [2 sin 4𝑥 cos 4𝑥][2 sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥]
24
= sin 8𝑥 sin 4𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Write the LHS in the form of a^2 – b^2 = (a+b)*(a-b) and make use of
the formulae cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( ) sin ( 2 )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 =
2
2cos ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )
To prove the RHS
14. Prove that sin 2𝑥 + 2 sin 4𝑥 + sin 6𝑥 = 4 cos 2 𝑥 sin 4𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= sin 2𝑥 + 2 sin 4𝑥 + sin 6𝑥
= (sin 2𝑥 + sin 6𝑥) + 2 sin 4𝑥
We know that sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 )
2𝑥+6𝑥 2𝑥−6𝑥
So,L.H.S.= 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) + 2 sin 4𝑥
Step2:
= 2 sin 4𝑥 cos(−2𝑥) + 2 sin 4𝑥
= 2 sin 4𝑥 [cos 2𝑥 + 1]
= 2 sin 4𝑥 [2cos 2 𝑥 − 1 + 1]
= 2 sin 4𝑥(2 cos 2 𝑥)
= 4cos 2 𝑥. sin 4𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Write sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( 2 ) to prove the RHS
2
15. Prove that cot 4𝑥 (sin 5𝑥 + sin 3𝑥) = cot 𝑥 (sin 5𝑥 − sin 3𝑥)
25
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= cot 4𝑥 (sin 5𝑥 + sin 3𝑥)
We know that sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2
cos 4𝑥 5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
So,L.H.S.= sin 4𝑥
[2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )]
cos 4𝑥
= (2 sin 4𝑥 cos 𝑥)
sin 4𝑥
= 2 cos 4𝑥 cos 𝑥
R.H.S.= cot𝑥(sin5𝑥 − sin3𝑥)
Step2:
We know that sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
So,R.H.S.= sin𝑥
[2cos ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )]
cos𝑥
= [2cos4𝑥 sin𝑥]
sin𝑥
= 2cos4𝑥 cos𝑥
L.H.S.=R.H.S.
Hence Proved
cos 4𝑥 5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
Overall Hint: Write cot 4𝑥 (sin 5𝑥 + sin 3𝑥) as [2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )] using
sin 4𝑥
formula sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 ) in the LHS and cot 𝑥 (sin 5𝑥 −
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
sin 3𝑥) as sin𝑥 [2cos ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )] using the formula sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 =
2cos ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )
In the RHS
cos 9𝑥−cos 5𝑥 sin 2𝑥

16. Prove that =−
sin 17𝑥−sin 3𝑥 cos 10𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
26
cos 9𝑥−cos 5𝑥
Given, L.H.S=
sin 17𝑥−sin 3𝑥
We know that,
sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 )andcos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( 2
) sin ( 2 )
9𝑥+5𝑥 9𝑥−5𝑥
− 2sin( )sin( )
2 2
L.H.S = 17𝑥+3𝑥 17𝑥−3𝑥
2cos( )sin( )
2 2
2sin 7𝑥. sin 2𝑥

=−
2cos10𝑥. sin 7𝑥
sin 2𝑥
=−
cos10𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
cos 9𝑥−cos 5𝑥
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator in the LHS as
sin 17𝑥−sin 3𝑥
=
9𝑥+5𝑥 9𝑥−5𝑥
− 2sin( )sin( )
2 2
17𝑥+3𝑥 17𝑥−3𝑥 with the help of formula sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 =
2cos( )sin( )
2 2
2cos ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )andcos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )
For the numerator and denominator respectively then simplify it to show that its
equal to RHS
sin5𝑥+sin3𝑥
17. Prove that :cos5𝑥+cos3𝑥 = tan4𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
sin5𝑥+sin3𝑥
L.H.S=
cos5𝑥+cos3𝑥
We know that,
sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 )
5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
2sin( )cos( )
2 2
Given, L.H.S = 5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
2cos( )cos( )
2 2
2sin(4𝑥)cos(𝑥)
=
2cos(4𝑥)cos(𝑥)
sin4𝑥
=
cos4𝑥
27
= tan4𝑥
=R.H.S
Hence LHS = RHS
sin5𝑥+sin3𝑥
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator of the LHS ( ) as
cos5𝑥+cos3𝑥
5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥
2sin( )cos( )
2 2
5𝑥+3𝑥 5𝑥−3𝑥 with the help of the formulae sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 =
2cos( )cos( )
2 2
2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) then simplify it to
show that its equal to RHS
sin 𝑥−sin 𝑦 x−y

18. Prove that = tan
cos 𝑥+cos 𝑦 2
Solution:
Step1:
sin 𝑥−sin 𝑦
Given, L.H.S= cos 𝑥+cos 𝑦
We know that sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( ) sin ( )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 =
2 2
2cos ( 2 ) cos ( 2 )
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
2cos( )sin( )
2 2
L.H.S = 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
2cos( )cos( )
2 2
𝑥−𝑦
sin ( 2
)
= 𝑥−𝑦
cos ( 2 )
𝑥−𝑦
= tan ( )
2
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS
sin 𝑥−sin 𝑦
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator of LHS (
cos 𝑥+cos 𝑦
) to
2cos( )sin( ) 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 using the formulae sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( ) sin ( )andcos𝐴 +
2cos( )cos( ) 2 2
2 2
cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) and then simplify it to show that its equal to RHS
28
sin𝑥+sin3𝑥
19. Prove thatcos𝑥+cos3𝑥 = tan 2𝑥
Solution:
Step 1:
sin𝑥+sin3𝑥
Given, L.H.S.= cos𝑥+cos3𝑥
𝑥+3𝑥 𝑥−3𝑥
2sin( )cos( ) 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
2 2
= 𝑥+3𝑥 𝑥−3𝑥 [∵ sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 )]
2cos( )cos( )
2 2
sin 2𝑥 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵

= cos 2𝑥 [∵ cos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 )]
= tan 2𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
sin𝑥+sin3𝑥
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator of the LHS ( ) to
cos𝑥+cos3𝑥
2sin( )cos( ) 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
2 2
𝑥+3𝑥 𝑥−3𝑥 using the formulae [sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( )] and
2cos( )cos( ) 2 2
2 2
[cos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 )] to prove the LHS equal to RHS
sin x−sin 3x
20. Prove that = 2 sin x
sin2 x−cos2 x
Solution:
Step1:
sin𝑥−sin3𝑥
Given, L.H.S.= sin2 𝑥−cos2 𝑥
2 2
= − cos 2𝑥
[∵ sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 )]
2 cos 2𝑥 sin(−𝑥)
= [∵ cos 2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = cos 2𝑥]
− cos 2𝑥
−2 cos 2𝑥 sin 𝑥
=
− cos 2𝑥
= 2 sin 𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
29
sin x−sin 3x
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator of LHS ( ) to
sin2 x−cos2 x
2 2
− cos 2𝑥
using the formulae [sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 )] and
[cos2 2
𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = cos 2𝑥] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑖𝑡 to prove the LHS equal to RHS
cos4𝑥+cos3𝑥+cos2𝑥
21. Prove that sin4𝑥+sin3𝑥+sin2𝑥 = cot 3𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.=
sin4𝑥+sin3𝑥+sin2𝑥
(cos4𝑥 + cos2𝑥) + cos3𝑥

=
(sin4𝑥 + sin2𝑥) + sin3𝑥
We know that,
sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 )andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 )
4𝑥+2𝑥 4𝑥−2𝑥
2cos ( ) cos ( )+ cos3𝑥
2 2
= 4𝑥+2𝑥 4𝑥−2𝑥
2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2 ) + sin3𝑥
Step2:
2 cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 + cos 3𝑥
=
2 sin 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥
cos 3𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + 1)
=
sin 3𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + 1)
cos 3𝑥
=
sin 3𝑥
= cot 3𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS
Overall Hint: Change the numerator and denominator of LHS(
sin4𝑥+sin3𝑥+sin2𝑥
) to
4𝑥+2𝑥 4𝑥−2𝑥
2cos( )cos( )+cos3𝑥
2 2
4𝑥+2𝑥 4𝑥−2𝑥 using the formulae sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 =
2sin( )cos( )+sin3𝑥
2 2
2sin ( 2 ) cos ( 2
)andcos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) and simplify it to prove
the RHS
30
22. Prove that cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 cot 3𝑥 − cot 3𝑥 cot 𝑥 = 1
Solution:
Step1:
L.H.S.= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 cot 3𝑥 − cot 3𝑥 cot 𝑥
= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 3𝑥 (cot 2𝑥 + cot 𝑥)
= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot(2𝑥 + 𝑥)(cot2𝑥 + cot𝑥)
cot 2𝑥 cot 𝑥−1
= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − [ cot 2𝑥+cot 𝑥 ] (cot 2𝑥 + cot 𝑥) [∵cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
cot𝐴cot𝐵−1
[ cot𝐴+cot𝐵 ]
= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 cot 𝑥 + 1

=1
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: take cot3x in the 2nd and 3rd term and Use the formula cot(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
cot𝐴cot𝐵−1
[ cot𝐴+cot𝐵 ] to show that LHS is equal to RHS
4 tan 𝑥(1−tan2 𝑥)
23. Prove that tan 4𝑥 =
1−6 tan2 𝑥+tan4 𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
2 tan 𝐴
We know that,tan 2𝐴 = 1−tan2 𝐴
L.H.S.= tan4𝑥 = tan2(2𝑥)

2 tan 2𝑥
=
1 − tan2 (2𝑥)
2 tan 𝑥
2 (1−tan2 𝑥)
= 2
2 tan 𝑥
1 − (1−tan2 𝑥)
Step2:
31
4 tan 𝑥
1−tan2 𝑥
= (1−tan2 𝑥)2 −4tan2 𝑥
(1−tan2 𝑥)2
=(1−tan2 𝑥)2 −4tan2 𝑥
=1+tan4 𝑥−2tan2 𝑥−4tan2 𝑥
=1−6 tan2 𝑥+tan4 𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS
2 tan 𝑥
2( )
1−tan2 𝑥
Overall Hint: Change the LHS tan4x as 2 tan 𝑥 2
using the formula tan 2A =
1−( )
1−tan2 𝑥
2 tan 𝐴
1−tan2 𝐴
and then expand it to prove its equal to RHS
24. Prove thatcos 4𝑥 = 1 − 8 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S= cos 4𝑥 = cos2(2𝑥)
= 1 − 2sin2 (2𝑥) [∵ cos2𝐴 = 1 − 2sin2 𝐴]
= 1 − 2(2sin𝑥 cos𝑥)2 ] [∵ sin2𝐴 = 2sin𝐴cos𝐴

= 1 − 8sin2 𝑥cos 2 𝑥
= R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS
Overall Hint: Write cos(4x)= cos2(2x) and then apply formulae cos2𝐴 = 1 − 2sin2 𝐴
sin2𝐴 = 2sin𝐴cos𝐴 to show it equal to RHS
25. Prove that cos 6𝑥 = 32 cos6 𝑥 − 48 cos 4 𝑥 + 18 cos2 𝑥 − 1
Solution:
32
SteP1:
Given, L.H.S. = cos 6𝑥
= cos3(2𝑥)
= 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 2𝑥 − 3 cos 2𝑥
[∵ cos 3𝐴 = 4cos 3 𝐴 − 3 cos 𝐴]
= 4[(2cos2 𝑥 − 1)3 − 3(2cos2 𝑥 − 1)]
[∵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 = 2 cos2 𝑥 − 1]
Step2:
= 4[(2cos2 𝑥)3 − (1)3 − 3(2cos2 𝑥)2 + 3(2cos2 𝑥)] − 6cos2 𝑥 + 3

= 4[8cos6 𝑥 − 1 − 12cos4 𝑥 + 6cos 2 𝑥] − 6cos 2 𝑥 + 3
= 32 cos 6 𝑥 − 48 cos 4 𝑥 + 18 cos2 𝑥 − 1
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Change the terms in LHS by using formulae cos 3𝐴 = 4cos 3 𝐴 − 3 cos 𝐴
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 = 2 cos 2 𝑥 − 1 and simplify it to prove that its equal to RHS
Exercise: 3.4
Find the principal and general solutions of the following equations:
1. tan 𝑥 = √3
Solution:
Step1:
𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
We know that tan 3 = √3and tan 3
= tan (𝜋 + 3 ) = tan 3 = √3
𝜋 4𝜋
Thus ,the principal solutions are 𝑥 = 3 and𝑥 = 3
𝜋
And,tan𝑥 = tan
3
𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + 3 ,where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝜋
Thus, the general solution is= 𝑛𝜋 + 3 , where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
33
4𝜋
Overall Hint : The principal solution is 𝜋 and and the general solution is 𝑛𝜋 +
3
𝜋
3
,𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
2. Find the principal and general solutions of the following equations:

sec 𝑥 = 2
Solution:
Step1:
Given, sec 𝑥 = 2
𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
We know that sec = 2 andsec = sec (2𝜋 − ) = sec = 2
3 3 3 3
𝜋 5𝜋
Thus, the principal solutions are 𝑥 = 3 and𝑥 = 3
Step2:
𝜋
Now,sec 𝑥 = sec
3
𝜋 1
⇒ cos 𝑥 = cos 3 [∵ sec 𝑥 = cos 𝑥]
𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 3 ,where𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝜋
Thus, the general solution is = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 3 ,where𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝜋 5𝜋
Overall Hint: The principal solutions are 𝑥 = and𝑥 = and the general solutions
3 3
𝜋
are 2𝑛𝜋 ± 3
, where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
3. Find the principal and general solutions of the following equations:
cot 𝑥 = −√3
Solution:
Step1:
𝜋
We know that cot = √3
6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
So,cot (𝜋 − 6 ) = −cot 6 = −√3andcot (2𝜋 − 6 ) = −cot 6 = −√3
5𝜋 11𝜋
i.e.,cot ( 6 ) = −√3andcot ( 6
) = −√3
34
5𝜋 11𝜋
Thus, the principal solutions are 𝑥 = and𝑥 =
6 6
Step2:
5𝜋
Now,cot 𝑥 = cot ( 6 )
5𝜋 1
⇒ tan 𝑥 = tan [tan 𝑥 = ]
6 cot 𝑥
5𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + 6
,where 𝑛 ∈𝑍
5𝜋
Thus, the general solution is= 𝑛𝜋 + 6
,where 𝑛∈𝑍
5𝜋 11𝜋
Overall Hint: The principal solution is 𝑥 = and𝑥 = and the general solution is
6 6
5𝜋
𝑛𝜋 + ,where 𝑛∈𝑍
6
4. Find the principal and general solution

cosec 𝑥 = −2
Solution:
Step1:
cosec 𝑥 = −2
𝜋
We know that cosec 6 = 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Also, cosec (𝜋 + ) = −cosec = −2andcosec (2𝜋 − ) = −cosec = −2
6 6 6 6
7𝜋 11𝜋
i.e., cosec ( 6 ) = −2andcosec ( 6
) = −2
7𝜋 11𝜋
Thus, the principal solutions are 𝑥 = 6
and𝑥 = 6
Step2:
7𝜋
Now,cosec 𝑥 = cosec ( )
6
7𝜋 1
⇒ sin𝑥 = sin [sin 𝑥 = ]
6 cosec 𝑥
7𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 ,where𝑛 ∈𝑍
6
7𝜋
Thus, the general solution is= 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 6
, where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
35
7𝜋 11𝜋
Overall Hint: The principal solution is 𝑥 = and𝑥 = and the general solution is
6 6
7𝜋
𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 ,where𝑛 ∈𝑍
6
5. Find the general solution for each of the following equations:

cos 4𝑥 = cos 2𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, cos4𝑥 = cos2𝑥
⇒ cos4𝑥 − cos2𝑥 = 0
4𝑥+2𝑥 4𝑥−2𝑥
cos4𝑥 − cos2𝑥 = −2sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2
[∵ cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( ) sin ( )]
2 2
Step2:
⇒ −2 sin 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 0
⇒ sin3𝑥 = 0 orsin𝑥 = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 or 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋
Thus, 𝑥 = 3
or 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋
Overall Hint: The general solution is 𝑥 = or 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, where n ∈ Z
3
Use cos𝐴 − cos𝐵 = −2sin ( 2 ) sin ( 2 )

cos 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 = 0
Solution:
Step1:
Given, cos 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 = 0
36
3𝑥 + 𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑥
⇒ 2cos ( ) cos ( ) − cos 2𝑥 = 0
2 2
[∵ cos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( ) cos ( )]
2 2
Step2:
⇒ 2 cos 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 − cos 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ cos 2𝑥 (2 cos 𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ cos 2𝑥 = 0 or 2 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
⇒ cos 2𝑥 = 0 or cos 𝑥 =
2
𝜋 𝜋
Therefore, 2𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 orcos 𝑥 = cos 3 , where n ∈ Z
𝜋 𝜋
Thus,𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 4 or 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 3 ,where n ∈ Z
𝜋 𝜋
Overall Hint: The general solution is 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) or 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± ,where n ∈ Z
4 3
Use cos𝐴 + cos𝐵 = 2cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2

sin 2𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 0
Solution:
Step1:
Given, sin 2𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 0
⇒ 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 = 0
[∵ sin𝐴𝑥 = 2sin𝐴 cos𝐴]
⇒ cos 𝑥 (2 sin 𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ cos 𝑥 = 0 or 2 sin 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Step2:
𝜋
⇒ cos 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 2 ,where n ∈ Z
Also,2sin𝑥 + 1 = 0
1
⇒ sin𝑥 = −
2
37
𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋
⇒ sin𝑥 = −sin ⇒ sin 𝑥 = sin (𝜋 + ) = sin
6 6 6
7𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 6
,where n ∈Z
𝜋 7𝜋
Thus, the general solution is 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) or𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 ,where n ∈ Z
2 6
𝜋 7𝜋
Overall Hint: The general solution is 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) or𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + (−1)𝑛 ,where n∈
2 6
Z ,Use sin𝐴𝑥 = 2sin𝐴 cos𝐴
8. Find the general solution for each of the following equations

sec 2 2𝑥 = 1 − tan 2𝑥
Solution:
Step1:
Given, sec 2 2𝑥 = 1 − tan 2𝑥
1 + tan2 2𝑥 = 1 − tan 2𝑥
⇒ tan2 2𝑥 = − tan 2𝑥
⇒ tan2 2𝑥 + tan 2𝑥 = 0
⇒ tan 2𝑥 (tan 2𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ tan 2𝑥 = 0 Or tan 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
Now, tan 2𝑥 = tan 0
⇒ 2𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + 0, Where n ∈ Z
Step2:
𝑛𝜋
⇒𝑥 = 2
, where n ∈ Z
tan 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ tan 2𝑥 = −1
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
⇒ tan 2𝑥 = −tan ⇒ tan 2𝑥 = tan (𝜋 − ) = tan
4 4 4
3𝜋
So,2𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 + 4
, where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋 3𝜋
⇒𝑥= 2
+ 8
, where n ∈ Z
38
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋 3𝜋
Thus, the general solution is 𝑥 = 2
or 𝑥 = 2
+ 8 , where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋 3𝜋
Overall Hint: The general solution is 𝑥 = or 𝑥 = + , where n ∈ Z , Use sec 2 2𝑥
2 2 8
=
1 + tan2 2𝑥. Take tan2x common.
9. Find the general solution for each of the following equation

sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥 = 0
Solution:
Step1:
Given, sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥 = 0
(sin𝑥 + sin5𝑥) + sin3𝑥 = 0
⇒ 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 ) + sin3𝑥 = 0
[∵ sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( )]
2 2
⇒ 2 sin 3𝑥 cos(−2𝑥) + sin 3𝑥 = 0

⇒ sin 3𝑥 (2 cos 2𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ sin 3𝑥 = 0 or2 cos 2𝑥 + 1 = 0
1
⇒ sin3𝑥 = 0 or cos 2𝑥 = −
2
sin 3𝑥 = 0
Step2:
3𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋
⇒𝑥= , where n ∈ Z
3
1
cos 2𝑥 = −
2
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
cos 2𝑥 = −cos ⇒ cos 2𝑥 = cos (𝜋 − ) = cos
3 3 3
2𝜋
So,2𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 3
, where n ∈ Z
39
𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 ± 3 , where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋 𝜋
Thus, the general solution is𝑥 = 3
or 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 ± 3 , where n ∈ Z
𝑛𝜋 𝜋
Overall Hint: The general solution is𝑥 = or 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋 ± , where n ∈ Z , Use sin𝐴 +
3 3
sin𝐵 = 2sin ( 2
) cos ( 2 )
Miscellaneous Exercise
π 9π 3π 5π
1. Prove that:2 cos 13 cos 13 + cos 13 + cos 13 = 0
Solution:
Step1:
𝜋 9𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
Given, L.H.S.= 2cos cos + cos + cos
13 13 13 13
3𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
𝜋 9𝜋 + −
2cos 13 cos 13 + 2cos ( 13 2 13 ) cos ( 13 2 13 )
[cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) cos( )]
2 2
𝜋 9𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 2cos cos + 2cos ( ) cos (− )
13 13 13 13
Step2:
𝜋 9𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 2cos cos + 2cos ( ) cos ( )
13 13 13 13
𝜋 9𝜋 4𝜋
⇒ 2cos (cos + cos ( ))
13 13 13
9𝜋 4𝜋 9𝜋 4𝜋
𝜋 + −
= 2cos (2cos (13 13 ) cos (13 13 ))
13 2 2
𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
= 4cos (cos ( ) cos ( ))
13 2 26
𝜋 5𝜋
= 4cos (0 × cos ( ))
13 26
40
=0
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Use cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) cos( ) in the :LHS to prove it is
2 2
equal to RHS
2. Prove that:(sin 3𝑥 + sin 𝑥) sin 𝑥 + (cos 3𝑥 – cos 𝑥) cos 𝑥 = 0
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= (sin 3𝑥 + sin 𝑥) sin 𝑥 + (cos 3𝑥 − cos 𝑥) cos 𝑥
= sin 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 + cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥 − cos 2 𝑥
= (sin 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 3𝑥 cos 𝑥)+(sin2 𝑥 − cos 2 𝑥)
= cos(3𝑥 − 𝑥) − cos 2𝑥) [∵ cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 + sin𝐴 sin𝐵 &cos2𝐴 =
cos2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 ]
= cos2𝑥 − cos2𝑥
=0
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS..
Overall Hint: Use cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 + sin𝐴 sin𝐵 &cos2𝐴 = cos 2 𝐴 − sin2 𝐴 to
prove LHS is equal to RHS
x+𝑦
3. Prove that:(cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦)2 + (sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑦)2 = 4 cos2 2
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= (cos𝑥 + cos𝑦)2 + (sin𝑥 − sin𝑦)2
= cos 2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑦 + 2 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + sin2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑦 − 2 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
= (sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥)+(sin2 𝑦 + cos2 𝑦) + 2(cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦)
41
= (1) + (1) + 2cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) [∵ cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 − sin𝐴 sin𝐵]
Step2:
= 2[1 + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
𝑥+𝑦
= 2 [2cos2 ( )] [ ∵ 1 + cos 2𝐴 = 2cos2 𝐴 ]
2
𝑥+𝑦
= 4cos 2 ( )
2
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Use cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 − sin𝐴 sin𝐵 , 1 + cos 2𝐴 = 2cos 2 𝐴 ,
(a+b)^2 = (a^2+b^2+2ab) , (a-b)^2 = (a^2+b^2-2ab) to prove LHS is equal to
RHS
𝑥−𝑦
4. Prove that:(cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦)2 + (sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑦)2 = 4 sin2 2
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= (cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦)2 + (sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑦)2
= cos 2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑦 − 2 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + sin2 𝑥 + sin2 𝑦 − 2 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
= (sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥)+(sin2 𝑦 + cos2 𝑦) − 2(cos𝑥 cos𝑦 + sin𝑥 sin𝑦)
= (1) + (1) − 2 cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Step2:
[∵ cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 + sin𝐴 sin𝐵]
= 2[1 − cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)]
𝑥−𝑦
= 2 [1 − (1 − 2sin2 ( 2
))] [∵ 1 − cos2𝐴 = 2sin2 𝐴]
𝑥−𝑦
= 4sin2 ( )
2
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Use (a-b)^2 = (a^2+b^2-2ab) , 1 − cos2𝐴 = 2sin2 𝐴 ,
42
cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 + sin𝐴 sin𝐵 to prove LHS equal to RHS
5. Prove that :sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥 + sin 7𝑥 = 4 cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥

Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.= sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥 + sin 7𝑥
⇒ (sin 𝑥 + sin 5𝑥) + (sin 3𝑥 + sin 7𝑥)
𝑥 + 5𝑥 𝑥 − 5𝑥 3𝑥 + 7𝑥 3𝑥 − 7𝑥
⇒ 2sin ( ) cos ( ) + 2sin ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
⇒ 2 sin 3𝑥 cos(−2𝑥) + 2 sin 5𝑥 cos(−2𝑥)
Step2:
= 2 sin 3𝑥 cos2𝑥 + 2 sin 5𝑥 cos 2𝑥
= 2 cos 2𝑥 (sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥)
3𝑥 + 5𝑥 3 𝑥 − 5𝑥
= 2 cos 2𝑥 [2sin ( ) cos ( )]
2 2
= 4 cos 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥 cos(−𝑥)
= 4 cos 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥 cos 𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence RHS = LHS
Overall Hint: Use sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( 2 ) formula to show that the
2
LHS is equal to RHS
(sin7𝑥+sin5𝑥)+(sin9𝑥+sin3𝑥)
6. Prove that (cos7𝑥+cos5𝑥)+(cos9𝑥+cos3𝑥)
= tan6x
Solution:
Given, L.H.S.= (cos7𝑥+cos5𝑥)+(cos9𝑥+cos3𝑥)
We know that,
43
sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( ) & cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵
2 2
= 2cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2
7𝑥+5𝑥 7𝑥−5𝑥 9𝑥+3𝑥 9𝑥−3𝑥
{2sin( )cos( )}+{2sin( )cos( )}
2 2 2 2
L.H.S. = 7𝑥+5𝑥 7𝑥−5𝑥 9𝑥+3𝑥 9𝑥−3𝑥
{2cos( )cos( )}+{2cos( )cos( )}
2 2 2 2
Step2:
2 sin 6𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 2 sin 6𝑥 cos 3𝑥
=
2 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 2 cos 6𝑥 cos 3𝑥
2 sin 6𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + cos 3𝑥)
=
2 cos 6𝑥 (cos 𝑥 + cos 3𝑥)
sin 6𝑥
=
cos 6𝑥
= tan 6𝑥
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
Overall Hint: Change the LHS(
(cos7𝑥+cos5𝑥)+(cos9𝑥+cos3𝑥)
to
7𝑥+5𝑥 7𝑥−5𝑥 9𝑥+3𝑥 9𝑥−3𝑥

{2sin( )cos( )}+{2sin( )cos( )}
2 2 2 2
7𝑥+5𝑥 7𝑥−5𝑥 9𝑥+3𝑥 9𝑥−3𝑥 using formula
{2cos( )cos( )}+{2cos( )cos( )}
2 2 2 2
sin 𝐴 + sin 𝐵 = 2sin ( ) cos ( ) & cos 𝐴 + cos 𝐵
2 2
= 2cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2
And show it is equal to RHS
𝑥 3𝑥
7. Prove that: sin 3𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 4 sin 𝑥 cos 2 cos 2
Solution:
Step1:
Given, L.H.S.sin 3𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = sin 3𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 − sin 𝑥
2𝑥 + 𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑥
= sin 3𝑥 + 2cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2
[ ∵ sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( ) sin ( )]
2 2
44
3𝑥 𝑥
= sin 3𝑥 + 2cos sin
2 2
3𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥
= 2sin cos + 2cos sin
2 2 2 2
3𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥
= 2cos (sin + sin )
2 2 2
3𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥
3𝑥 + −
= 2cos (2sin ( 2 2) cos ( 2 2))
2 2 2
Step2:
2 2
3𝑥 𝑥
= 2cos (2sin𝑥 cos ( ))
2 2
𝑥 3𝑥
= 4 sin 𝑥 cos cos
2 2
=R.H.S.
Hence LHS = RHS.
2𝑥+𝑥 2𝑥−𝑥
Overall Hint: Change LHS sin 3𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 − sin 𝑥 to sin 3𝑥 + 2cos ( ) sin ( 2 )
2
by using the formula
Sin𝐴 − sin𝐵 = 2cos ( 2
) sin ( 2 ) use sin𝐴 + sin𝐵 = 2sin (2
) cos ( 2 ) for
similarly changing the RHS and showing they both are equal
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 4
8. Find sin 2 , cos 2andtan 2intan 𝑥 = − 3 , 𝑥 in quadrant II
Solution:
Step1:
Here, 𝑥 lies in second quadrant.
𝜋
So,2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
⇒ < <
4 2 2
45
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Therefore, sin 2 , cos 2 , tan 2liesinfirstquadrant so they all are positive.
4
Given,tan 𝑥 = −
3
2tan𝐴
We know that ,tan 2𝐴 = 1−tan2 𝐴
𝑥
2tan
2
So,tan𝑥 = 𝑥
1−tan2
2
𝑥
4 2tan
2
⇒− =
3 1 − tan2 𝑥
2
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ −4 (1 − tan2 ) = 6tan
2 2
Step2:
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 4tan2 − 6tan − 4 = 0
2 2
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 2tan2 − 3tan − 2 = 0
2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 2tan2 − 4tan + tan − 2 = 0
2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 2tan (tan − 2) + 1 (tan − 2) = 0
2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ (tan − 2) (2tan + 1) = 0
2 2
𝑥 𝑥 1
tan 2 = 2ortan 2 = − 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
tan 2 = 2 [tan 2
Cannot be negative as 2 is in first quadrant]
Step3:
𝑥 𝑥
sec 2 = 1 + tan2
2 2
𝑥
sec 2 = 1 + (2)2
2
𝑥
⇒ sec 2 = 5
2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ sec 2 = √5 [sec 2 Cannot be negative as 2 is in first quadrant]
𝑥 1
⇒ cos =
2 √5
46
𝑥
Therefore, tan 2 = 2
𝑥
sin 2
𝑥 =2
cos 2
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ sin = 2cos
2 2
𝑥 2
Therefore, sin =
2 √5
𝑥
𝑥 2tan
2
Overall Hint: Find tan using tan2x = 𝑥 then find similarly values of
2 1−tan2
2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
sin , cos using sin = tan cos and cos = sin / tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1
9. Find sin , cos and 𝑡𝑎𝑛 for cos 𝑥 = − , 𝑥 in quadrant III
2 2 2 3
Solution:
Step1:
Here,𝑥liesinthirdquadrant.
3𝜋
So,𝜋 < 𝑥 <
2
𝜋 𝑥 3𝜋
⇒ < <
2 2 4
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
It is known that sin is positive whereas, cos andtan are negative, lies in third
2 2 2
quadrant.
1
Given,cos 𝑥 = − 3
We know that,cos 2𝐴 = 2cos2 𝐴 − 1

𝑥
So,cos 𝑥 = 2cos 2 2 − 1
1 𝑥
⇒ − = 2cos 2 − 1
3 2
1 2
𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥 1 + (− 3) ( ) 1
⇒ cos 2 = = = 3 =
2 2 2 2 3
𝑥 1
⇒ cos = ±
2 √3
47
Step2:
𝑥 𝑥
Whereas, cos 2 is negative as 2 lies in second quadrant.
𝑥 1
So,cos 2 = −
√3
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1
𝑥 1 2
sin2 + ( ) = 1
2 √3
𝑥 1
sin2 =1−
2 3
𝑥 2
⇒ sin2 =
2 3
𝑥 2
sin = ±√
2 3
Step3:
𝑥 𝑥
But sin 2 is positive as 2 lies in second quadrant.
𝑥 2
So,sin = √
2 3
𝑥
𝑥 sin
2
Also,tan 2 = 𝑥
cos
2
2
𝑥 √
3
tan = 1
2 −
√3
𝑥
Therefore, tan 2 = −√2
Overall Hint: Find
𝑥
cos 2 using
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝐴= 2cos2 𝐴 − 1 and then the values of
𝑥 𝑥
sin 2= √1– cos2 2
𝑥
𝑥 2tan
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 using tan𝑥 = 𝑥
1−tan2
2
48
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1
10. Find sin 2 , cos 2 and tan 2 for sin 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 in quadrant II.
Solution:
Step1:
Here,𝑥 lies in second quadrant.
𝜋
So,2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
⇒ < <
4 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
That means sin , cos , tan lies in first quadrant.
2 2 2
1
Given, sin 𝑥 = 4
We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1

sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
2
1 2
= cos 𝑥 = 1 − ( )
4
1 15
⇒ cos 2 𝑥 = 1 − =
16 16
√15
cos 𝑥 = ±
4
Step2:
But cos 𝑥 is negative as 𝑥 lies in second quadrant.
√15
So,cos𝑥 = − 4
𝑥 1 − cos𝑥
sin2 = [∵ cos2𝐴 = 1 − 2sin2 𝐴]
2 2
√15
𝑥 1+
2 4
sin =
2 2
𝑥 4 + √15
sin2 =
2 8
𝑥 4+√15 𝑥 𝑥
sin 2 = √( 8
) [sin 2 is positive as 2lies in first quadrant]
𝑥 1+cos𝑥
cos2 2 = 2
[∵ cos2𝐴 = 1 − 2sin2 𝐴]
49
√15
𝑥 1−
2 4
cos =
2 2
𝑥 4 − √15
cos2 =
2 8
𝑥 4−√15 𝑥 𝑥
cos 2 = √( 8
) [cos 2 Is positive as 2 lies in first quadrant]
Step3:
𝑥
𝑥 sin
2
Also,tan 2 = 𝑥
cos
2
4+√15
𝑥 √( 8 )
tan =
2
√(4−√15)
8
𝑥 √4 + √15
⇒ tan =
2 √4 − √15
4 + √15 4 + √15
⇒√ ×
4 − √15 4 + √15
2
(4 + √15)
⇒√
16 − 15
⇒ 4 + √15
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 4+√15
Therefore, the values of sin 2 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 , tan 2 are √( ), √(4−√15) and 4 + √15.
8 8
Overall Hint: First find cos 𝑥 using the formula sin 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1 then proceed
2
accordingly
50

CBSE NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 03: Back of Chapter Questions

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CBSE NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 03: Back of Chapter Questions

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Class–XI–CBSE-Mathematics Trigonometric Functions

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Chapter 03

1. Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures:

=39o 22′ 30” [1’ = 60”]

= −229o 5′27" [1’ = 60”]

For one completerevolution,thewheel willturnanangleof2πradian.

Let AB be a chord of the circle.

Therefore ΔOAB is equilateral triangle.

Let the radius of first circle be 𝑟1 and radius of second circle be 𝑟2

Therefore, the ratio of their radii is 5: 4

Overall Hint: Find the angle using formula

Overall Hint: Find the angle using formula

We know that sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1

We know that cosec 2 𝑥 = 1 + cot 2 𝑥

Find the values of the trigonometric functions in Exercises 6 to 10

5. Find the value of:

[∵ 2cos𝐴cos𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) + cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) and −2sin𝐴 sin𝐵 = cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) −

(−cos 𝑥)( cos𝑥)

= sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 [tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥]

10. Prove that sin(n + 1) 𝑥 sin(n + 2) 𝑥 + cos(n + 1) 𝑥 cos(n + 2) 𝑥 = cos 𝑥

12. Prove that sin2 6𝑥 − sin2 4𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 sin 10𝑥

= [2 cos 5𝑥 sin 𝑥][2 sin 5𝑥 cos 𝑥]

13. Prove that cos 2 2𝑥 − cos2 6𝑥 = sin 4𝑥 sin 8𝑥

14. Prove that sin 2𝑥 + 2 sin 4𝑥 + sin 6𝑥 = 4 cos 2 𝑥 sin 4𝑥

cos 9𝑥−cos 5𝑥 sin 2𝑥

2sin 7𝑥. sin 2𝑥

sin 𝑥−sin 𝑦 x−y

sin 2𝑥 𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵

(cos4𝑥 + cos2𝑥) + cos3𝑥

22. Prove that cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 cot 3𝑥 − cot 3𝑥 cot 𝑥 = 1

= cot 𝑥 cot 2𝑥 − cot 2𝑥 cot 𝑥 + 1

L.H.S.= tan4𝑥 = tan2(2𝑥)

24. Prove thatcos 4𝑥 = 1 − 8 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥

= 1 − 2(2sin𝑥 cos𝑥)2 ] [∵ sin2𝐴 = 2sin𝐴cos𝐴

sin2𝐴 = 2sin𝐴cos𝐴 to show it equal to RHS

25. Prove that cos 6𝑥 = 32 cos6 𝑥 − 48 cos 4 𝑥 + 18 cos2 𝑥 − 1

= 4[(2cos2 𝑥)3 − (1)3 − 3(2cos2 𝑥)2 + 3(2cos2 𝑥)] − 6cos2 𝑥 + 3

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 = 2 cos 2 𝑥 − 1 and simplify it to prove that its equal to RHS

2. Find the principal and general solutions of the following equations:

3. Find the principal and general solutions of the following equations:

4. Find the principal and general solution

5. Find the general solution for each of the following equations:

6. Find the general solution for each of the following equations:

7. Find the general solution for each of the following equations:

8. Find the general solution for each of the following equations

1 + tan2 2𝑥. Take tan2x common.

9. Find the general solution for each of the following equation

⇒ 2 sin 3𝑥 cos(−2𝑥) + sin 3𝑥 = 0

2. Prove that:(sin 3𝑥 + sin 𝑥) sin 𝑥 + (cos 3𝑥 – cos 𝑥) cos 𝑥 = 0

= (1) + (1) + 2cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) [∵ cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 − sin𝐴 sin𝐵]

cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = cos𝐴 cos𝐵 + sin𝐴 sin𝐵 to prove LHS equal to RHS

5. Prove that :sin 𝑥 + sin 3𝑥 + sin 5𝑥 + sin 7𝑥 = 4 cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 sin 4𝑥

7𝑥+5𝑥 7𝑥−5𝑥 9𝑥+3𝑥 9𝑥−3𝑥

We know that,cos 2𝐴 = 2cos2 𝐴 − 1

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1

We know that, sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 = 1

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