Study Guide, Unit 1: Nature of Science and Characteristics of Matter

PS 1 b – d Measurement

1) Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object. The unit for mass is grams. The tool to determine the mass of an
item is a(n) triple beam balance.

2) Volume is defined as the amount of space an object occupies. The unit for liquid volume or volume of an irregular
object is liters and the unit for solid volume is centimetres cubed. The tool used to measure liquid volume is a(n)
graduated cylinder.

3) Weight is defined as the force of gravity on an object’s mass.

5) Density is calculated by the formula: D = M/V. Units for density are gm/L or g/cm^3. Density is a physical property
since it can be used to identify an unknown sample of matter.

6) An irregularly-shaped sample of aluminum is put on a balance and found to have a mass of 43.6 g. The student
decides to use the water-displacement method to find the volume. The initial volume reading is 25.5 mL and, after the
aluminum is added, the water level has risen to 41.7 mL. Find the density of the aluminum.

Given(w/units) Formula Substitution(w/units) Answer(w/units)

m = 43.6 grams D = M/v D = 43.6g/25.5mL 1.71 g/mL
V = 25.5 milliliters

7) A 1250g gold bar with a density of 19.3g/cm 3 will occupy how much space?

Given(w/units) Formula Substitution(w/units) Answer(w/units)

m= V = M/D V = 1250g/19.3 V = 64.76
D=

PS 2a: Particle (Kinetic) Theory of Matter

1) The Particle Theory of Matter states that all matter is made out of tiny Particles that are in constant motion.
2) As the temperature of a material increases its particles move faster and its density decreases.
3) As the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure in a fixed container will increase.
4) As the pressure of a gas is decreased, the temperature will decrease.
5) Particle collisions will decrease if the pressure of a gas is decreased.
6) Kinetic energy will increase if the temperature of a material is increased.
7) As the temperature of the solvent increases, solutes usually dissolve quicker.
8) Particle collisions will increase as the pressure on a gas is increased.
PS 2b: Composition of Matter and pH (pH removed from Unit #1)

7 – 9) Draw a representation of a mixture, a compound and an element in the boxes.Pure Substances

Mixture Compound Element

10) Since compounds are formed by chemically combining two or more elements, they can only be broken down during
a chemical reaction.
11) Mixtures can be separated by physical means.

PS 2c: States of Matter

1 -4) Check the correct boxes:

State of Matter Definite Shape Indefinite Shape Definite Volume Indefinite Volume Ionized
Solid x x
Liquid x x
Gas x x
Plasma x x x

5-8) Give two examples of:

Gas ___air___________ and ___ ____ammonia______________
Solid ______wood_____________ and _______glass_____________
Liquid _____water_____________ and ________blood____________
PS 2b: Composition of Matter and pH
9-12) Label each of the boxes according the state of matter shown by the particles.

e- +
e-
+
e-
e-

plasma_______ __gas_______ __solid_______ __liquid_________

PS 2d: Physical, Chemical and Characteristic Properties of Matter
1) The material that gets dissolved into a solution is called the _solute____________. The material that does the
dissolving is called the __ ___solvent__________________.
2) If a material CAN dissolve it’s said to be _____soluble_________________.
If a solution has dissolved all the solute it can at a given temperature, the solution is saturated (on the line). If the
solution can dissolve more solute at that temperature it is unsaturated (below the line). If the solution somehow has
more solute dissolved into it than it should be able to at a given temperature, the solution is supersaturated (above the
line).
Circle the correct answer.

3) 30g of KCl is dissolved into 100g of water at 10 °C is

Saturated

4) 110g of NH4Cl is dissolved into 100g of water at 80 °C is

Supersaturated

5) 20g of KCl is dissolved into 100g of water at 30 °C is

Unsaturated

6) How many grams of NH4Cl will dissolve at 65°C?

60g

7) At what temperature will 20g of KNO3 be saturated?

5°C

Match the physical property with its description.

Property: Description:

____H_ Malleable A) How tightly packed the particles are

____D_ Luster B) The amount of space an object occupies

____A_ Density C) Pull of gravity on an object

____F_ Ductile D) The amount of shine an object has

___G__ Conductivity E) The ability of a given substance to dissolve

___ C__ Weight F) Ability to be stretched into thin wires

___B_ Volume G) Ability to transfer energy

_ E Solubility H) The ability to be hammered or molded without breaking

Match the chemical property with its description.

___C__ Toxic A) Does it oxidize, especially in the presence of moisture?

___E__ Flammable B) Will it undergo chemical changes?

___A_ Rust C) Is it poisonous?

___D_ Rot D) Will it decompose?

___B_ Reactivity E) How easily does it ignite?