3.

Compare the results of illuminance, E (lux) obtained from your experiments in the various
rooms with values obtained from standard lighting requirements. What are some typical
values of service illuminance for (a) street lighting (b) hallway (c) home (d) classroom (e)
office (f) shop display? Comment on your findings.
LOCATION ILLUMINANCE (lux)
(a) Street lighting 100 - 200
(b) Hallway 100 - 200
(c) Home 150 - 300
(d) Classroom 300 - 500
(e) Office 300 - 750
(f) Shop display 500 - 750
Different buildings and different places have different illuminance requirements. Even in the
same place, due to the different functions of different parts, the required values of
illuminance are also different. For the illuminance, we require to meet the basic visual
functions and energy saving, and the relevant illuminance implementation standards can be
referred to lighting standard.

4. Discuss some considerations affecting lighting design in buildings.

 Light quantity
Depends on the nature of the task & the light output of lamp & luminaire.
 Natural light
May be used as a complete source of light or to supplement artificial light sources.
 Colour quality
Depends on the requirements of the task & the colour rendering properties of the
source.
 Glare
Depends upon the brightness & contrast of light sources & surfaces, & the viewinig
angles.
 Directional quality
Depends on the three-dimensional effect required & the nature of the lamp &
luminaire.
 Energy use
Depends on the electrical efficiency of the lamps & the use of switches.
 Costs
Depends on the initial cost of the fittings; the cost of replacing the lamps ( including
labour ); and the electricity comsumption of the lamps.
 Physical properties
Include size, appearance & durability of fittings.
Illuminance is a measure of the amount of light falling on ( illumination ) and spreading on a
given surface area. Illumination is also additionally identified with how people awareness the
brightness of the illuminated area. Therefore, the majority of people utilize the terms
illuminance and brightness conversely which leads to confuse, as brightness can likewise be
utilized to depict luminance.
The SI system unit is lux ( lx ) or cumulative penetration ( ph = phot ) , 1 lux = 1 lumen /
square meter, 1 deviation penetration = 1 lumen / square centimeter, and 1 magnification
penetration = 10000 lux.
The general illuminance at home is recommended to be between 300 and 500 lux.
The illuminance depends on the luminous intensity of the light source and the distance
between the illuminated object and the light source. For the same light source, when the
distance of the light source is twice the original, the illuminance is reduced to a quarter of the
original, showing an inverse square relationship.
The human eye is to be capable for seeing fairly in excess of a 2 trillion-overlap range : The
presence of a white object can be distinguished under the starlight of 5x10-5 lux, while on the
brighter end, large texts of 108 lux or about 1000 times that of direct sunlight can be read,
although this may be very uncomfortable.

Figure 1 : Illuminance with units and terminology

Wikipedia 2020, Illuminance, viewed 3 November 2020,
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminance#:~:text=In%20photometry%2C%20illuminance
%20is%20the,correlate%20with%20human%20brightness%20perception.>