Abstract

The wiring for a small Coconut oil manufacturing plant is the proposed idea of my
project it entails a workshop area, office room, locker-room, and a bathroom. The process for
producing the oil contains 4 main electrical equipment. The process begins with an expeller
which crushes the coconut and produces crude coconut oil which is pumped to a filter press
where it is further refined and also produces a filter cake which can be sold as animal feed,
finally it is pump from the filter press into a storage tank until it is ready to be delivered.
Additionally two industrial grade Air Conditioning units are also installed 1 to provide
cooling for the workshop area and the other to cover the cooling requirements for the other
rooms.
Table of Contents
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... i
1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Electrical Distribution Systems....................................................................................... 1
1.1.1. Poles ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2. Metering ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.3. Kiosk ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.4. Switchboards ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1.5. Considerations for laying cables above or below ground ........................................ 2
1.1.6. Transformers and standby generators positioning and layout ................................. 2
1.2. Circuit Breakers and other switching devices ................................................................. 2
1.3. Branch Circuitry.............................................................................................................. 3
1.3.1. Electrical colour codes ............................................................................................. 3
1.3.2. Wiring Methods ....................................................................................................... 3
1.3.3. Grounding ................................................................................................................ 3
1.3.4. Determination of conductor type and size ............................................................... 4
1.4. Electrical Testing and Inspection .................................................................................... 4
2. Work Shop Design and Layout of Equipment ....................................................................... 5
3. Electrical Design .................................................................................................................... 6
3.1. Load Table ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.2. Equipment Cable sizing and voltage drop ...................................................................... 6
3.2.1. Copra/Coconut Oil Expeller .................................................................................... 7
3.2.2. Filter Press ............................................................................................................... 7
3.2.3. Electric Hydraulic Gear Oil Pump ........................................................................... 7
3.2.4. Air Conditioner ........................................................................................................ 8
1. Background

1.1. Electrical Distribution Systems

1.1.1. Poles

Poles for private use must be authorize by T & TEC before it is ever erected, they also
should be painted with anti-corrosive paint and finished in silver paint, at the base of the pole
should have welded steel supports, the pole should also be embedded in a square concrete base
and embedded at least 1200 mm below ground level, and if a meter is to be placed on it, it
should be at a maximum height of 1800 mm or a minimum height of 1500 mm. The earth rod
should be a minimum length of 2400 mm deep.

1.1.2. Metering

Additionally all of the electricity supplied to one location shall be metered by one meter
only, the setting up and maintenance of the meter will be done by the commission and is use
to determine billing for electricity consume by the property. Outdoor meter sockets are to be
used for installation of single phase 115/230 volts to a maximum of 200 amperes. The meter
sockets and entrance cable are to be installed by the consumer and the meter socket should be
located at the front foremost wall of the premises. The meter should never be above doors,
along stairways or next to drainage pipes.

Furthermore Socket type meters are to be used for three phase for 230/400 volts loads
up to a max amperage of 200 per phase but loads in excess of 500 amperes per phase it will be
supplied and metered at high voltage by the commission.

1.1.3. Kiosk

However T&TEC have stop utilizing meters on poles and have now adopted the use of
kiosk which are placed between the H.V. cable and the transformer.

1.1.4. Switchboards

Switchboards are to be located in areas that are dry when exposed live parts present
and to place in an area where damage from equipment and processes are kept to a minimum.

1
1.1.5. Considerations for laying cables above or below ground

Underground wiring installations have different considerations depending on if it is in

concrete ducts, conduits or pipes, of if is laid directly in the ground. For concrete ducts the
cables use are armored PVC, XLPE insulated with an overall extruded covering of PVC or a
rubber-insulated with an h.o.f.r. sheath. For conduits or pipes the same type of capes that can
be used for concrete ducts can also be use provided that heavy-gauge steel conduits or
galvanized metal pipes are used and they are not use as a grounding conductor.

However if non-metallic conduits are use rubber-insulated with h.o.f.r. can be used.
Additionally all conduits should be embedded in sand of minimum 50 mm thickness at the top
and the bottom with cable covers at the top of the sand bed. Furthermore if the cable is laid
directly into the ground it should be buried to a depth of 0.5 m from the top to the finished
grade and should be buried in a sand bed of the same amount as non-metallic conduits also
with cable covers.

1.1.6. Transformers and standby generators positioning and layout

All transformers must have a working space of at least 3 feet around them and must be
placed a location where it can easily be accessed by the commission, in an upfront foremost
position away from where pedestrian’s pass or billiards must be placed up.

Standby generators are restricted to situations where a loss of power can result in risk
of life, severe economic hardship, or public safety. The standby generator supply line and the
normal supply line are to be both connected to a transfer switch and both line should have
breakers and supply isolators within sight of the transfer switch and the consumer panel line
would also be connected to the transfer switch with a main switch for the emergency/standby
power panel.

1.2. Circuit Breakers and other switching devices

Circuit breakers are generally selected based on the system voltage, rate and rise of
recovery voltage and making and breaking current, for more industrial loads IEEE Std C37.06
is use to select the required circuit breaker base on the Rated maximum voltage, continuous
current rating, short circuit current rating and voltage range factor, K.

2
 Additionally the breaker panel should have a free working space of 3 feet around it to
allow for easy access and should be located in a well-lighted area and should not be located in
small enclosed rooms such as closets and bathrooms.

1.3. Branch Circuitry

1.3.1. Electrical colour codes

For single phase three wire systems the colours use are as follow for line 1 (Brown),
line 2 (Black), Neutral (Gray) and Ground ( Green/Green with yellow strips). For Phases of an
A.C. delta supply blue is use for the higher line-to-neutral voltage and gray is use for center-
tapped neutral and for the ground green or green with yellow stripes is use.

1.3.2. Wiring Methods

For single phase motors rated between (3.75-5.6) KVA are to be arranged for no load
starting, for over 5.6 kilowatts it is arranged for reducing voltage starting and for ratings greater
than 15 KVA a Three-phase supply is use only.

For lighting circuits they usually are less than 150 watts to the ground and are usually
rated at 15 amperes or less for industrial purposes the voltage to ground can be as much as
330V and final circuits should not contain more than 15 light fixtures on it. Light fixtures
should also be mounted at least 8 feet high from the floor.

For receptacle outlets they can be install in every room except in bathrooms an should
be place so no point more than 6 feet measured horizontally should be away from a receptacle
outlet

1.3.3. Grounding

Grounding is use to prevent electrocution when touching exposed metal parts of

electrical equipment when the supply insulation fails. Grounding is required for voltage
systems of 600V or less, 3 phase star connected system and single-phase three wire connections
by a neutral conductor.

Additionally two type of earth electrodes use are Copper earth rods which are used in
high- resistance earth areas and Earth mats which are found mostly in industrial area because

3
they are use when there high voltages and several cables carrying those voltages, each of these
cables are grounded to the mat rather than grounding all of them to one grounding electrode

1.3.4. Determination of conductor type and size

The conductor type is determined by the location of the electrical system and the voltage and
current use in the system and the appropriate current-rating table is then selected. The listed
current ratings are multiply by the aggregated rating factor to determine the real current rating,
the cable size is selected based on the current rating and should not have a rating less than the
full-load current.

1.4. Electrical Testing and Inspection

All electrical systems must first have an inspection certificate of approval to present to the
commission, which is receive by the chief electrical inspector, before the system can be
supplied. If the connection is disconnected for more than 3 months it must be re-inspected by
the electrical inspector before it is supplied once again.
Additionally if an installation is likely to affect the supply of other consumers the
commission hold the right to withhold or discontinue the supply to said installation.

4
2. Work Shop Design and Layout of Equipment

Copra/Coconut Oil Expeller

Specifications
Model EK-301-CT
Power (KW) 90
Voltage (V) 415
Dimensions
Length (mm) 4,932
Width (mm) 1,384
Height (mm) 1,455
Quantity 4
Location Work Shop

Filter Press
Specifications
Model XMAJ600
Power (kW) 4
Voltage (V) 380
Dimensions
Length (mm) 6200
Width (mm) 1650
Height (mm) 1310
Quantity 4
Location Work Shop

Electric Hydraulic Gear Oil Pump

Specifications
Model KCB18.3
Power (KW) 1.5
Voltage (V) 220
Dimensions
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Quantity 5
Location Work Shop

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 Air Conditioner
Specifications
Model DBV-MTD8E3G
Power (kW) 7.5
Voltage (V) 380
Dimensions
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
Quantity 3
Location Work Shop/Office

3. Electrical Design

3.1. Load Table

For a 230/400 V 3 phase supply

Item Description Quantity Voltage Current kW Diversity Load

(KW)
1 Copra/Coconut Oil 1 400 23 9 1 9
Expeller
2 Electric Hydraulic Gear oil 2 230 7 1.5 1 3
pump
3 Filter Press 1 400 10 4 1 4
4 Air Conditioner 2 400 19 7.5 1 15
5 Plug Outlets 23 230 0.3 0.25 2
6 Light Fixtures 20 115 0.1 1 2
Total 35
Load
(KW)

3.2. Equipment Cable sizing and voltage drop

Cables use for wiring equipment was multicore thermoplastic insulated and thermoplastic
sheathed cables, non-armored (Copper Conductors). Table use for cable rating and sizing was
taken from TTS 171, Table (D.4B1.) and the reference method use was based on enclosed
cables in conduits on walls.
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 = 𝑌 × 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 × 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Where Y is mV/A/m voltage drop value

6
3.2.1. Copra/Coconut Oil Expeller

The current Load = 23 A

The Current Rating on the Cable = 27 A
The Cable size = 4 mm2
Required Cable Length = 11 m

(9.5 × 2.3 × 11)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 = = 0.24035 𝑉
1000
3.2.2. Filter Press

The current Load = 10 A

The Current Rating on the Cable = 11.5 A
The Cable size = 1 mm2
Required Cable Length = 22 m

(38 × 1 × 22)
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 = = 0.836 𝑉
1000

3.2.3. Electric Hydraulic Gear Oil Pump

The current Load (For 2 Pumps) = 13 A

The Current Rating on the Cable = 15 A
The Cable size = 1.5 mm2
Required Cable Length = 22 m

(25 × 1.3 × 22)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 = = 0.715 𝑉
1000

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3.2.4. Air Conditioner

The current Load (For 2 A.C units) = 37.5 A

The Current Rating on the Cable = 46 A
The Cable size = 10 mm2
Required Cable Length = 44 m

(3.8 × 3.75 × 44)

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 = = 0.627 𝑉
1000