NMIMS

DECISION SCIENCE
APPLICABLE FOR JUNE 2020 EXAMS

1. Identify the type of the variable in the following table

TABLE GIVEN BELOW
  Variable Data Type
a Gender  
b Education Background  
c Satisfaction  
d Motivation  
e Exchange Rate  
f Gold price  
g Preference of cars  
h Teachers Feedback  
i Grades in post-graduation  
j Marital Status  
k Quality of services  
l Age group  
m GDP  
n Interest rate  
o Twitter comments  
p Facebook pictures  

Answer:
  Variable Data Type
a Gender  Nominal variable
b Education Background  Ordinal variable
c Satisfaction  Ordinal variable
d Motivation  Ordinal variable
e Exchange Rate Interval variable
f Gold price Interval variable
g Preference of cars  Nominal variable
h Teachers Feedback  Nominal variable
i Grades in post-graduation  Ordinal variable
j Marital Status  Nominal variable
k Quality of services Interval Variable
l Age group  Interval Variable
m GDP
 Ordinal variable
 n Interest rate  Interval variable
o Twitter comments  Ratio variable
p Facebook pictures  Ratio variable

2. Following data of performance scores is available of employees working with a

company. You are required to perform the following:
a. Make the frequency distribution, Calculate the frequency and the Cumulative frequency
b. Calculate the mean, median, quartiles and Mode
c. Calculate the variance and the standard deviation
Table: Performance score of the employees:
TABLE BELOW
5 33 70 95 5 61 47 60
2 7
5 64 54 94 3 61 89 48
7 8
5 39 94 63 5 31 88 46
0 9
6 88 93 48 8 82 72 73
8 2
7 70 92 76 9 91 80 68
4 8
3 33 31 75 5 48 62 53
2 4
3 64 63 66 9 98 91 42
6 2
3 54 71 86 8 55 33 43
6 4
9 34 64 67 8 78 47 62
1 9
9 92 53 56 6 55 36 67
7 8
9 42 51 77 3 93 51 66
3 6
4 66 63 33 6 79 92 76
4 8
8 53 86 76 3 40 43 46
3 5
5 41 36 39 4 96 42 77
5 2
6 53 38 51 9 56 93 63
0 5
4 69 49 33 9 37 83 64
8 5
8 62 96 34 8 32 40 85
3 5
 3 59 77 62 3 34 39 92
9 5
5 89 36 45 8 34 86 90
4 3
3 61 88 86 5 33 77 40
9 5
6 54 30 38 7 77 44 59
9 9
9 34 38 91 8 90 58 40
5 0
8 45 95 71 8 43 89 53
8 0
6 40 31 61 5 53 88 94
1 8
9 63 60 94 9 53 53 45
1 8
5 34 75 74 9 98 87 66
0 0

Answer: a) Make the frequency distribution, Calculate the frequency and the Cumulative
frequency
performanc
e Mid Cumulative
scores Point* frequency frequency
30-39 34.5 36 36
40-49 44.5 27 63
50-59 54.5 32 95
60-69 64.5 33 128
70-79 74.5 21 149
80-89 84.5 26 175
90-99 94.5 33 208

*Mid point = (lower frequency +upper frequency)/2

b. Calculate the mean, median, quartiles and Mode

Mean
Perform
ance Midpoi freque
scores nt(x) ncy (f) f*x
124
30-39 34.5 36 2
120
40-49 44.5 27 1.5
174
50-59 54.5 32 4
60-69 64.5 33 212
 8.5
156
70-79 74.5 21 4.5
219
80-89 84.5 26 7
311
90-99 94.5 33 8.5
131
    208 96

Mean = ∑fx/∑f
= 13196/208
= 63.44

Therefore, mean = 63.44

Median
performanc
e Mid Cumulative
scores point frequency frequency
30-39 34.5 36 36
40-49 44.5 27 63
50-59 54.5 32 95
60-69 64.5 33 128
70-79 74.5 21 149
80-89 84.5 26 175
90-99 94.5 33 208

Median = (208+1)/2 = 209/2 = 104.5

Median = L + N/2 – C.Fp * (W)

Fmed

L = lower limit
CFp = cumulative frequency upto but not including the frequency of median class
Fmed = Frequency of median class
W = width of median class
N = total number of frequencies

Median = 60 + 208/2 – 95 * 10
33

= 60 + 104 – 95 * 10
33

= 60 + 9 * 10
 33

= 60 + 90/33

= 60 + 2.73

= 62.73

Therefore, median = 62.73

Quartiles
performanc
e Mid Cumulative
scores point frequency frequency
30-39 34.5 36 36
40-49 44.5 27 63
50-59 54.5 32 95
60-69 64.5 33 128
70-79 74.5 21 149
80-89 84.5 26 175
90-99 94.5 33 208

Q1 = N/4 = 208/4 = 52

Q1 = Lq1 + N/4 – C.F * (W)

Fq1

= 40 + 208/4 – 36 * 10
27

= 40 + 52 – 36 * 10
27

= 40 + 16 * 10
27

= 40 + 160/27

= 40 + 5.93

= 45.93

Q3 = 3N/4 = 3*208/4 = 624/4 =156

Q3 = Lq3 + 3N/4 – C.F * (W)

Fq3
= 80 + 3*208/4 – 149 * 10
26

= 80 + 156 – 149 * 10
26

= 80 + 7 * 10
26

= 80 + 70/26

= 80 + 2.69

= 82.69

Mode
The mode for grouped data is the class midpoint of the modal class. The modal class is the
class interval with the greatest frequency. Using the data from Table above, the 30-39 class
intervals contains the greatest frequency, 36. Thus, the modal class is 30-39. The class
midpoint of this modal class is 34.5. Therefore, the mode for the frequency distribution
shown in Table above is 34.5.

c. Calculate the variance and the standard deviation

Performanc Mid Cumulative
e point Frequency frequency (x-
scores (x) (f) (cf) f*x x-µ µ)^2 f(x-µ)^2
30-39 34.5 36 36 1242 -28.94 837.66 30155.66
1201.
40-49 44.5 27 63 5 -18.94 358.81 9687.898
50-59 54.5 32 95 1744 -8.94 79.96 2558.876
2128.
60-69 64.5 33 128 5 1.06 1.12 36.91753
1564.
70-79 74.5 21 149 5 11.06 122.27 2567.724
80-89 84.5 26 175 2197 21.06 443.43 11529.09
3118.
90-99 94.5 33 208 5 31.06 964.58 31831.15
    208   13196     88367.31

σ^2 = ∑f(x-µ)^2
N

= 88367.31/208

= 424.84
σ = √424.84 = 20.61

3. a. In continuation with the data of performance scores of employees in previous

example, perform the following:
a. Calculate the range and inter-quartile range
b. Calculate the z scores
c. Calculate the skewness and Kurtosis (using excel)
d. Comment on the distribution of the data
3. b. In continuation with the data of performance scores of employees in previous
example, perform the following:
a. Make the histogram
b. Plot the box-plot diagram
c. Plot the frequency polygon
d. Plot the Ogive diagram

Answer: a.a. Calculate the range and interquartile range

Range
The range often is defined as thedifference between the largest and smallest numbers. The
range for the data inTable above is 68 (98-30).

Inter-quartile range
IQR = Q3 - Q1
= 82.69- 45.93 = 36.76

b. Calculate the z scores

Note: To calculate the Z score, we are taking range as x

z=x-µ
σ

= 68- 63.44
20.61

= 4.56/20.61

= 0.22125

P-value from Z-Table:

P(x<68) = 0.58755

P(x>68) = 1 - P(x<68) = 0.41245

P(63.44<x<68) = P(x<68) - 0.5 = 0.087552

c. Calculate the skewness and Kurtosis (using excel)

 lower upper lower upper class frequen Cumulative
limit limit boundary boundary mark cy frequency
30 39 29.5 39.5 34.5 36 36
40 49 39.5 49.5 44.5 27 63
50 59 49.5 59.5 54.5 32 95
60 69 59.5 69.5 64.5 33 128
70 79 69.5 79.5 74.5 21 149
80 89 79.5 89.5 84.5 26 175
90 99 89.5 99.5 94.5 33 208

Skewness = 0.097671068
Kurtosis = -1.285421147

d. Comment on the distribution of the data

 The distribution is positively skewed
 The distribution is Platykurtic (The term "platykurtic" refers to a statistical
distribution in which the excess kurtosis value is negative)

b.
lower upper lower upper class frequen Cumulative
limit limit boundary boundary mark cy frequency
30 39 29.5 39.5 34.5 36 36
40 49 39.5 49.5 44.5 27 63
50 59 49.5 59.5 54.5 32 95
60 69 59.5 69.5 64.5 33 128
70 79 69.5 79.5 74.5 21 149
80 89 79.5 89.5 84.5 26 175
90 99 89.5 99.5 94.5 33 208

a. Make the histogram

Histogram
40
30
Frequency

20 Frequency
10
0
39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5 More
Bin

b. Plot the box-plot diagram

 Min
45 62 83 1 st quartile
2nd quartile
3 rd quartile
Max

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

c. Plot the frequency polygon

frequency Polygon
40
35
30
25
20
frequency
15
10
5
0
24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 105.5
midpoint

d. Plot the Ogive diagram

 score
250

200

150
cumulative frequency
100

50

0
39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5
upper boundary