Ewc Report Latest

EWC 661 : ENGLISH FOR REPORT WRITING
SEMESTER SEPT 2019 – JAN 2020
DOMESTIC CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA
EH2434B
Harith Bin Aimiros (2018441514)

Nurfatini Amal Binti Che Ab Azhar (2018657618)
Zulaikha Binti Mohd Nizam (2018425742)
TABLE OF CONTENT
NO CONTENT PAGES
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 6
3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7
4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 8
5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 9
6 PREVIOUS STUDIES 10
7 METHODOLOGY 11
8 FINDINGS 12
9 CONCLUSION 66
10 RECOMMENDATIONS 74
11 REFERENCES 77
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this report required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people. It is a genuine pleasure to express our deep sense of
thank you to our EWC661 lecturer, Madam Raihan Binti Musa for her constant
guidance and assistance to a completion of this report. Next, we are extremely
grateful to our respondents for their willingness to spend their time and to
cooperate in contributing to our research. Their commitment and effort towards our
topic ‘Domestic Child Abuse’ have significantly help us to successfully accomplish our
main objectives. Not to mention, we would like to express our gratitude to our
fellow classmates and friends in sharing different thoughts and opinions that gave us
room for improvements in completing this report. Last but not least, we are grateful
to our dear families for their full support and patience that brings us to complete this
report successfully.
DOMESTIC CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
“Abuse” is a word that is always thrown a lot in daily conversation without knowing the
actual meaning of the word. What actually defines abuse? How does one know if they
committing abuse or if they are being abused? The definition is actually quite simple.
According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, the definition of abuse is as an action that
intentionally harms or injures another person. According the definition alone we can assume
the action of abuse comes in many forms either there are physically or mentally injures
other individual. Example of abuses that experienced by most of the victims in this modern
day are sexual assault, emotional abuse, financial abuse and many more towards different
group of ages and genders. Child abuse and related experiences (or known as child
maltreatment) have recently been recognized by the World Health Organization as having
broad implications for human development and the prevention of public health problems. It
is an important cause of childhood morbidity in terms of its impact on physical health and
disability, emotional health, and healthy child development. In addition, the long term
impact is not limited to the individual child victim but also on society from its effects on
family, psycho-social consequences, juvenile delinquency, substance abuse and crime.
Abuse is commonly committed by a person that the victim acquainted or familiar with, and
often lives with. When one partner abuses another, it’s known as intimate partner abuse.
Abuse within families is often known as domestic abuse or domestic violence. In Malaysia,
there are abundance of serious cases of abuse have been reported and its not slowing down
by the time goes especially in this study focuses on the domestic child abuse. According to
the New Straits Time, in 2018 based on statistic by the Welfare’s department, there were 14
child abuse cases occur a day and many more go unreported. According to the New Strait
Times, the police figures show that in the past five years, only 1559 cases reported. As a
result, many child abuser run free in the streets without knowing their true nature and that
is worrying as no action cannot be taken against them due to lack of evidence. Recently,
abusive behavior towards children at the nurseries are rising in Malaysia. Many unregistered
baby-sittings service provider for the working parents often taken for granted by the
babysitter as they neglect the children’s welfare. According to Malaymail, as from January to
May 2018, Deputy Women, Family and Community Development Minister Hannah Yeoh,
stated that there were total of 199 cases of abuse, neglect and negligence involving children
under the care of child minders reported nationwide.
Action of child abuse is illegal in Malaysia as Malaysia introduced an act specifically on these
cases Under the Child Act 2001. The Child Act 2001 suggested that “child abuse” is defined
as when the child has been or is at substantial risk of being physically or emotionally injured
or sexually abused or neglected in terms of adequate care, food, shelter, clothing, medical
attention, supervision and safety, or abandonment or others such as being on the street or
used for begging by the parents or persons in charge of the child at any one time. From the
health perspective, child abuse constitutes all form of physical abuse or/and mental abuse
resulting of harm to the child’s health, survival, development of dignity in the context of a
relationship of responsibility, trust or power. Protecting our children is important for our
country’s future as Nelson Mandela once said: “The true character of a society is revealed in
how it treats its children.” So what must we do to build a respectable society and protect our
children from abuse?
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Domestic violence occurs in all countries either rich or poor, developed or

developing, social status, wealth, urban or rural residence also the ages of victim and
aggressor. Malaysia is no exception to the problem of domestic violence. The available data
reveals that there has been an increase in reports relating to child abusing in families over
the past few years. Statistical records from Polis Diraja Malaysia (2010) indicated that the
reported cases of violence have increased from 2,555 cases in 2013 to 3,643 cases in 2019.
This near 30 percent increase in the number of violence cases reported is a significant
increase. If we were to compare to before, there were only between 10 and 20 cases but we
are recording up to 150 cases a month. Most of the cases involved rape, child abuse,
molestation and sodomy. (Star Newspaper, 06 June 19)
Bear in mind that there are still many unreported cases of violence in our society, this
would mean that many are still suffering in silence. Many people still consider domestic
violence to be a private matter and they believe that what happens in the home should stay
in the home. However, the increase in the reported cases does indicate that the children are
developing an awareness of their right to be free from violence. (Dr. Abu Hassan, New Strait
Times Newspaper 2017). The following research questions are the problems that need to be
identify when conducting this study which are:
 What are the causes that domestic child abuse happens in one’s family?
 How UNICEF works for this crisis issue?
 Where does usually this crisis tragedy takes place eg. home and boarding schools?
 Are the children have the rights to voice out on this matter regardless they are
under age?
 What are the society perspectives on child abusing issues, in terms of awareness
and stereotype community?
3. OBJECTIVES
The intent of this study is to gain information as well as social experiences from the
children, the social welfare body and also from the community that are well related to the
crime case. That being said, they might be able to share the tragedy with the society thus
create awareness to prevent this issue. This study also determines if our children experience
violence in their household. As their experiences unfold, it will illuminate the factors how
the family members mistreated them by providing an explanation of specific aspects of the
process that can affect one’s growth and can cause trauma. Thereby this research
emphasized the actions of the abused children.
This study suggests several research objectives to be attained as follows:
 To investigate the factors that leads to domestic child abuse
 To investigate the effects of child abuse
 To identify how the children survived and cope with daily life
 To study the roles of the government on preventing domestic child abuse
 To observe the act of the government on protecting the abused children

4.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The finding of the study will raise awareness among the community regarding the severity of
domestic child abuses in Malaysia. Firstly, we will know what action can be taken to prevent
the action of abuse toward the children. Effective prevention also can be executed as the
people aware what form of abuse one child experienced. The finding also will assist the
authorities to take action to improve the quality of life for the children in Malaysia. The
possible victims also can use the information provided to analyze the situation when or not
they are being abused by their guardian .As the result, more action can be taken for the
countermeasure.
5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
There are several potential limitations in this study. According to Professor Ben Mathews
from Queensland University of Technology (QUT), said there were hundreds of vile child
abuse cases documented through the courts but researchers were also looking at cases that
were never reported to authorities. He also added, "Child maltreatment happens behind
closed doors, no one normally gets to know about it and the child is left to try and deal with
it and suffer it in silence," This means that it is possible for children to endure the pain and
not seek help. Hence, the possibility of the results from the survey may be bogus and not
genuine.
6.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES
Singh HS, Yiing WW and Nurani HN(1996) stated one of the earliest prevalence study on
childhood sexual abuse.Singh and colleagues(1996) conducted a self-administered survey
among 616 student nurses and medical assistant trainee about childhood sexual abuse.The
questions included was exhibitionism, molestation, sodomy and vaginal rape. Majority of the
respondent stated that the abusers is a known person by the respondent.
Choo WY, Dunne MP, Marret MJ, Fleming M, and Wong YL(2011) conducted a cross-
sectional survey among 1,870 students aged 16 years attending 20 randomly selected urban
and rural secondary schools in the year 2005 in Selangor.In the survey,a comprehensive set
of questions addressed four domains of victimization including sexual, physical,emotional
and neglect, were administered. Emotional and physical maltreatment were the most
common forms of child maltreatment reported and interestingly there was no significant
difference between male and females in reporting for the most severe form of sexual
abuse,penetrative and intercourse,which differ from western researches as females are
higher risk of being abused as stated by Choo and colleagues(2011).
The studies for the reason preventing child abuse among our society have been conducted
by Kamaruddin (2000).From his study, he cited several barriers to reporting of sexual abuse
include societal discrimination against the victim and lack of specialize one stop center
consultation for the victims.
7.0 METHODOLOGY
This study will be conducted throughout Malaysia. The subjects of this study will be of 50
public people throughout Malaysia. In this study, information is collected by giving out
surveys to the public. The questionnaire given is of personal details of respondent,
awareness of the topic, knowledge and opinions on child domestic violence in this country.
The survey conducted should consist 15 objective questions, as well as 10-point Likert-type
scales with choices ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” This instrument
was designed to assess the level of awareness of family members towards the safety of
children in the household. Additionally, further research will be conducted to have a better
understanding on current issues faced by children in Malaysia. Hence, interview session with
UNICEF Malaysia members and committees will be conducted. The interview includes a set
of questions given out to UNICEF members and the responds will be observed and analysed
thoroughly. The information collected draws to a conclusion in regards to the dimensions of
the problem and the factors that cause it.
8.0 FINDINGS
8.1 Gender of the Respondents
Table 8.1: The Number of Respondents Based on Gender
Gender No of Respondents Percentage

Male 24 53.3%
Female 21 46.7%
Total 45 100%
Gender
Male
47% Female
53%
Figure 8.1: The Percentage Based on Gender of the Respondents
The pie chart shows the percentage of male and female among the respondents which are
53.3% are male and another 46.7% of respondents are female.
8.2 Age of the Respondents
Table 8.2: The Number of Respondents Based on Age
Age No of Respondents Percentage

18 -20 5 11.1%
21-23 15 33.3%
24-26 8 17.8%
27-30 and above 17 37.8%
Total 45 100%
Age
11%
38% 18-20
21-23
24-26
27-30
33%
18%
Figure 8.2: The Percentage Based on Age of the Respondents
Figure 8.2 represents the percentage on age of the respondents. 11.11% respondents are
18-20 years old is 11.1%, 33.3% are 21 to 23 years old, 17.8% are 24 to 26 years old and
37.8% are 27 years old and above.
8.3 Status of the Respondents
Table 8.3: The Number of Respondents Based on Marital Status
Status No of Respondents Percentage

Single 28 62.2%
Married 16 35.6%
Divorced 1 2.2%
Total 45 100%
Status
2%
36% Single
Married
Divorced
62%
Figure 8.3: The Percentage of Based on Marital Status
Based on the figure above, 62.2% of the respondents are married, 35.6% are married and
2.2% of the respondents are divorced.
8.4 Respondents Who Stated That They Had Children
Table 8.4: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That They Have Children
Have Children No of Respondents Percentage

Yes 18 40%
No 27 60%
Total 45 100%
Have Children
40%
Yes
No
60%
Figure 8.4: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That They Have Children
Based on the figure above, 40% of the respondents stated that they have children and the
other 60% said no to the statement.
8.5 Respondents Who Stated That They Understand on What is Exactly Child Abuse
Table 8.5: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That They Understand What is Exactly Child Abuse
Understand What is Exactly No of Respondents Percentage

Child Abuse
Yes 38 84.4%
No 7 15.6%
Total 45 100%
They Understand What is Exactly Child Abuse
16%
Yes
No
84%
Figure 8.5: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That They Understand What is Exactly Child
Abuse
Based on the figure above, 84.4% of the respondents stated that they understand the
context of child abuse and the other 15.6% said no to the statement.
8.6 Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their Area
Table 8.6: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their Area
Heard About Domestic Child No of Respondents Percentage

Abuse in Their Area
Yes 14 40%
No 31 60%
Total 45 100%
They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their Area
40%
Yes
No
60%
Figure 8.6: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their
Area
Based on the figure above, 40% of the respondents stated that they heard about domestic
child abuse in their area and the other 60% said no to the statement.
8.7 Respondents Who Stated That One’s Family Members Are Aware if He/She Are
Domestically Abused in Household
Table 8.7: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That One’s Family Members Are Aware if He/She Are
Statement No of Respondents Percentage
Yes 23 51.1%
No 22 48.9%
Total 45 100%
That One’s Family Members Are Aware if He/She Are Domestically Abused in
Household
49%
51%
Yes No
Figure 8.7: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That One’s Family Members Are Aware if He/She Are
Based on the figure above, 51.1% of the respondents stated that one’s family members were
aware if he or she were domestically abused and the other 48.9% said no to the statement.
8.8 Respondents Who Stated That an Abused Child Should Remain Silent
Table 8.8: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That an Abused Child Should Remain Silent
That An Abused Child should No of Respondents Percentage

Remain Silent
Yes 6 13.3%
No 39 86.7%
Total 45 100%
That An Abused Child should Remain Silent
13%
87%
Yes No
Figure 8.8: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That an Abused Child Should Remain Silent
Based on the figure above, 13.3% of the respondents stated that an abused child should
remain silent and the other 86.7% said no to the statement
8.9 Respondents Who Stated That Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future
Table 8.9: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future
Statement No of Respondents Percentage

Yes 39 86.7%
No 6 13.3%
Total 45 100%
Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future
13%
87%
Yes No
Figure 8.9: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future
Based on the figure above, 86.7% of the respondents stated that child abuse can affect one’s
future and the other 13.3% said no to the statement
8.10 Respondents Who Stated They Should Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Happens because
Every Parent Has Their Own Way To Educate Children
Table 8.10: The Number of Respondents Who Stated They Should Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Happens
because Every Parent Has Their Own Way To Educate Children
Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Respondent Percentage

Happens because Every Parent Has
Their Own Way To Educate Children
Yes 16 35.6%
No 29 64.4%
Total 45 100%
Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Happens because Every Parent Has Their Own
Way To Educate Children
36%
Yes
No
64%
Figure 8.10: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated They Should Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Happens
Based on the figure above, 35.6% of the respondents stated that they should ignore if
domestic child abuse happens because every parent has their own way to educate their
children and the other 64.4% said no to the statement
8.11 Respondents Who Stated That The Parents Have The Right to Educate Their Children by
Threatening or Using Violence
Table 8.11: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That Parents Have The Right to Educate Their Children by
Threatening or Using Violence
Parents Have the Right to No of Respondents Percentage

Educate Their Children by
Threatening or Using
Violence
Yes 5 11.1%
No 40 88.9%
Total 45 100%
11%
Yes
No
89%
Figure 8.11: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That Parents Have The Right to Educate Their Children
by Threatening or Using Violence
Based on the figure above, 11.1% of the respondents stated that parents have the right to
educate their children by threatening or using violence and the other 88.9% said no the
statement.
8.12 Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About UNICEF Malaysia
Table 8.12: The Number of Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About UNICEF Malaysia
Heard About UNICEF No of Respondents Percentage

Malaysia
Yes 35 77.8%
No 10 22.2%
Total 45 100%
22%
Yes No
78%
Figure 8.12: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About UNICEF Malaysia
Based on the figure above, 77.8% of the respondents said heard about UNICEF Malaysia
before and other 22.2% of respondents said no to the statement.
8.13 Respondents Who Agreed with the Government’s Law and Enforcement in Regards to
Child Abuse Cases in Malaysia
Table 8.13: The Number of Respondents Who Agreed with the Government’s Law and Enforcement in Regards to
Child Abuse Cases in Malaysia
Agreed with the No of Respondents Percentage

Government’s Law and
Enforcement in Regards to
Child Abuse Cases in
Malaysia
Yes 35 77.8%
No 10 22.2%
Total 45 100%
22%
Yes No
78%
Figure 8.13: The Percentage of Respondents Who Agreed with the Government’s Law and Enforcement in
Regards to Child Abuse Cases in Malaysia
Based on the figure above, 77.8% of the respondents agreed with the government’s law and
enforcement regarding to child abuse cases in Malaysia and other 22.2% of respondents said
no to the statement.
8.14 Respondents Who Stated There are Other Ways for the Government to Improve and
Ensure the Safety of the Children in the Household
Table 8.14: The Number of Respondents Who Stated There are Other Ways for the Government to Improve and
Ensure the Safety of the Children in the Household
Other Ways for the No of Respondents Percentage

Government to Improve and
Ensure the Safety of the
Children in the Household
Yes 45 100%
No 0 0%
Total 45 100%
Yes No
100%
Figure 8.14: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated There are Other Ways for the Government to Improve
and Ensure the Safety of the Children in the Household
Based on the figure above, 100% of the respondents said yes there are other ways for the
government to improve and ensure the safety of the children in the household.
8.15 Respondents Who Stated The Factors That Leads to Domestic Child Abuse in Malaysia
Table 8.15: The Number of Respondents Who Stated The Factors That Leads to Domestic Child Abuse in Malaysia
Factors That Lead to Domestic Child No of Respondents Percentage

Abuse in Malaysia
Lack of education among children 55.6%
25
regarding sexual education
Lack of enforcement of law regarding 33.3%
15
child abuse
Society’s stigma in mistreating 60%

27
children
Poverty 19 42.2%
Physical or mental health conditions 29 64.4%
History of being abused during 48.9%
22
childhood
16% 18%
Lack of education among children regarding

sexual education
Lack of enforcement of law regarding this
problem
11%
Society’s stigma in mistreating children
21%
Poverty
Physical or mental health conditions
History of being abused during childhood
20%
14%
Figure 8.15: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated The Factors That Leads to Domestic Child Abuse in
Malaysia
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 64.4% of respondents choose physical or
mental health conditions as the main factor that leads to child abuse followed by lack of
education among children regarding sexual education which shows 55.6%. History of being
abused during childhood is the third choice of respondents as the percentage is 48.9% which
are one of the factors that might lead to child abuse. 42.2% of respondents choose poverty
as the factor to child abuse. Lack of enforcement of law regarding child abuse which is the
last choice only 33.3 % of the respondents as the factors that leads to child abuse.
8.16 Respondents Who Ever Heard About The Cases of Domestic Child Abuse from
Table 8.16: The Number of Respondents Who Ever Heard About The Cases of Domestic Child Abuse from
Ever Heard About The Cases No of Respondents Percentage

of Domestic Child Abuse
from
Friend 17 37.8%
Newspaper 33 73.3%
Social media 40 88.9%

Surrounding 16 35.6%
Never 0 0
Others 0 0
15% 16%
Friend
Newspaper
Social media
Surrounding
31%
38%
Figure 8.16: The Percentage of Respondents Who Ever Heard About The Cases of Domestic Child Abuse from
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 89.9% of respondents choose social media as
the main source of getting the information on child abuse cases followed newspaper which
shows 73.3% . Heard the cases from a friend is the third choice of respondents as the
percentage is 37.8% shown in the pie chart of getting informations on child abuse. 35.6% of
repondents choose getting source from their surroundings which is their last choice. 0% of
the respondents were stating the others as getting information on child abuse cases.
8.17 Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in Domestic
Child Abuse (Victim and Abuser).
Table 8.17.1: The Number of Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in Domestic
Child Abuse (Victim)
Victim No of Respondents Percentage
0-5 years old 29 64.4%

6-12 years old 31 68.9%
Below 18 years old 14 31.1%

I don’t know 0 0%
Victim
1%
19%
0-5 years old

39% 6-12 years old
Below 18 years old
I don’t know
Boarding school
Others
41%
Figure 8.17.1: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in
Domestic Child Abuse (Victim)
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 68.9% of respondents choose 6 to 12 years
old as the main victim age categories which usually involved in child abuse followed by 0 to 5
years old victims which shows 64.4% .Below 18 years old is the third choice of respondents
as the percentage is 31.1% shown in the pie chart of age categories that would be victim in
domestic child abuse. 0% of the respondents were stating the others as age categories
where child abuse cases involved.
Table 8.17.2: The Number of Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in Domestic
Child Abuse (Abuser).
Abuser No of Respondents Percentage

12-18 years old 2 4.4%
18-29 years old 31 68.9%
30-50 years old 32 71.1%

50 years old and above 14 31.1%
I don’t know 2 4.4%
Abuser
2% 2%
17%
12-18 years old

18-29 years old
38% 30-50 years old
50 years old and above
I don’t know
40%
Figure 8.17.2: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in
Domestic Child Abuse (Abuser).
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 71.1% of respondents choose 30 to 50 years
old as the main victim age categories which usually involved in child abuse followed by 18 to
29 years old victims which shows 64.4% . 50 years old and above is the third choice of
respondents as the percentage is 31.1% shown in the pie chart of age categories that would
be abuser in domestic child abuse.12 to 18 years old age categories of abuser is the last
choice as the percentage is only 4.4% and 4.4% of the respondents were stating the others
as age categories where child abuse cases involved.
8.18 Respondents Who Stated Where Does Child Abuse Usually Takes Place
Table 8.18: The Number of Respondents Who Stated Where Does Child Abuse Usually Takes Place
Where Does Child Abuse No of Respondents Percentage
Usually Takes Place
Household 44 97.8%
Playground 4 48.9%
School 20 44.4%
Shopping Mall 1 2.2%

Boarding school 20 44.4%
Others 0 0
1%
15% 16%
Household
Playground
School
Shopping Mall
Boarding school
31% Others
37%
Figure 8.18: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated Where Does Child Abuse Usually Takes Place
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 97.8% of respondents choose household as
the main place where usually child abuse cases are to be founded. 48,.9% of respondents
choose playground as their second choice where child abuse takes place. School is the third
choice of respondents as the percentage is 44.4% shown in the pie chart which boarding
school also have the same percentage of respondents. Shopping mall is the last choice as the
percentage is only 2.2% and 0% of the respondents were stating the others as the place
where child abuse case happens.
8.19 Respondents Who Stated Their First Action be if You Find A Child is Domestically
Abused
Table 8.19: The Number of Respondents Who Stated Their First Action be if You Find A Child is Domestically
Abused
First Action be if You Find A No of Respondents Percentage
Child is Domestically Abused
Share it with someone 26 57.8%
Do nothing 7 15.6%
Make a police report 24 53.3%
Fight with the abuser 3 6.7%

Record the situation 6 13.3%
Others 3 6.7%
4%
9%
4%
38%
Share it with someone
Do nothing
Make a police report
Fight with the abuser
Record the situation
Others
35%
10%
Figure 8.19: The Percentage of Respondents Who Stated Their First Action be if You Find A Child is Domestically
Abused
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 57.8% of respondents choose to share with
someone as the main action to take if child abuse cases are to be founded. 53.3% of
respondents choose to make a police report as their second choice to take action in child
abuse cases. By doing nothing is the third choice of respondents as the percentage is 15.6%
shown in the pie chart while by recording the situation is 13.3%. Fight with the abuser is the
last choice as the percentage is only 6.7% in the pie chart and 6.7% of the respondents were
stating the others as their first action be if a child is domestically abused.
8.20 Respondents Who Stated Which Family Member Would Likely Abuse the Children in the
Household
Table 8.20: The Number of Respondents Who Which Family Member Would Likely Abuse the Children in the
Household
Family Member Would Likely Abuse No of Respondents Percentage
the Children in the Household
Father 36 80%
Mother 34 75.6%
Brother 3 6.7%
Sister 1 2.2%
Step parents 26 57.8%
Others 8 17.8%
7%
33% Father
24%
Mother
Brother
Sister
Step parents
Others
1% 3%
31%
Figure 8.20: The Percentage of Which Family Member Would Likely Abuse the Children in the Household
By referring on the pie chart above shows that 80% of respondents choose Father as the
main family member that would likely involve in the child abuse cases. 75.6% of respondents
choose Mother as their second choice of family member that would abuse the children. Step
parents is the third choice of respondents as the percentage is 57.8% shown in the pie chart
while Brother is 6.7%. Sister is the last choice as the percentage is only 2.2% in the pie chart
and 17.8% of the respondents were stating the others as the family members that would
likely to abuse the children in the household.
8.21: Most children remain silent when abused.
Table 8.21: The number of respondent who stated most children remain silent when abused
Most children remain silent No of respondent Percentage ( % )
when abused
Strongly agree 19 42
Agree 20 45
Somewhat agree and 2 5
disagree
Disagree 2 4
Strongly disagree 2 4
Total 45 100
Most chilren remain silent when abused
4%
4%
4%
Stongly agree
Agree
42% Somewhat Agree and Disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
44%
Figure 8.21: The Percentage based on the opinion of respondent.
From the figure above,majority of the respondent agree with the statement with combined
87 % of respondents.5 %of the respondent somewhat agree and somewhat disagree with
the statement from the question and leaving 8 % of the respondent disagreeing with the
statement from the question.
8.22 Most people who sexually abuse children do not belong the child’s family.
Table 8.22: The number of respondent and opinion about the statement from the question.
Most of the people who sexually No of respondent Percentage( % )

abuse children do not belong to
the child’s family
Strongly agree 0 0
Agree 11 24
Somewhat agree and disagree 21 47
Disagree 12 27
Total 45 100
Most people who sexually abuse children do not belong to the child's family
2%
24%
27%
Stongly agree
Agree
Somewhat Agree and Disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
47%
Figure 8.22: based on the percentage of opinion of the respondent.
From the figure above,47 % of respondent somewhat agree and disagree with the
statement.Meanwhile, 24 % of the respondent agree.On the other,27 % of the respondent
disagree and the remaining 2 % of the respondent strongly disagree with the statement
from the question.
8.23 Most of the time children are abused when they are alone at night.
Table 8.23: The number of respondent and opinion about the statement from the question.
Most of the time children are No of respondent Percentage ( % )

abused when they are alone
at night
Strongly agree 1 2
Agree 17 38
Disagree 9 20
Total 45 100
Most of the time children are abused when they are alone at night
4% 2%
20%
Stongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
36%
Figure 8.23: based on the percentage of opinion of the respondent about the statement.
Based on the figure above, 38% of the respondent agree with the statement and additional
2% strongly agree with the statement.On the other hand, 36% of the respondent somewhat
agree and somewhat disagree.Meanwhile, 20% and 4% disagree and strongly disagree with
the statement respectively.
8.24 Majority of abuser are retarded or mentally ill.
Table 8.24: The number of respondent and opinion regarding the statement from the question
Majority of the abuser retarded or No of respondent Percentage( % )

mentally ill
Agree 16 36
Disagree 1 2
Total 45 100
Majority of abusers are retarded or mentally ill

2%
27%
36% Stongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
36%
Figure 8.24 based on the percentage of opinion from the respondent about the statement.
Based on the figure above,most of the respondent agree with the statement as 35% and
36% of the respondent strongly agree and agree with the statement respectively. On the
other hand, 27% of the respondent somewhat agree and disagree. Meanwhile,there is only
2% of respondent disagree with the statement from the question.
8.25 Physical and sexual abuse lead to mental abuse to the victim.
Table 8.25: The number and opinion of the respondent about the statement from the question.
Physical and sexual abuse lead to No of respondent Percentage ( % )

mental abuse to the victim
Agree 23 51
Disagree 0 0
Total 45 100
Physical and sexual child abuse lead to mental abuse to the victim
2%
Stongly agree
Agree
47% Disagree
Strongly Disagree
51%
Figure 7.25 based on the percentage of opinion from the statement of the respondent.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent agree with the statement from the
question as 51% and 47% of the respondent strongly agree and agree with the statement
respectively. Meanwhile, 2% of the respondent somewhat agree and somewhat disagree.
On the other hand, no respondent disagree with this statement.
8.26 Most people do not know negligence is a from of abuse.
Table 8.26: The number and opinion of the respondent about the statement from the question.
Most people do not know No of respondent Percentage ( % )

negligence is from of abuse
Agree 19 42
Disagree 2 4
Total 45 100
Most people do not know negligence is a form of abuse
4%
27%
27% Stongly agree

Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
42%
Figure 8.26 based on the percentage of opinion of the respondent.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent agree wit statement from the
question as 27% and 42% of the respondent strongly agree and agree with the statement
respectively. Beside that,there is 27% of the respondent somewhat agree ad somewhat
disagree. Meanwhile, only 4% of the respondent disagree with the statement from the
questions.
8.27 In sexual abuse cases, the child him/herself is never responsible.
Table 8.27: The number and opinion of the respondent based on the statement.
In sexual abuse cases,the child No of respondent Percentage (%)

him/herself is never
responsible
Agree 10 22
Disagree 1 2
Total 45 100
In sexual abuse cases,the child him/herself is never responsible
16%
2% 33%
Stongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
27%
22%
Figure 8.27 based on the percentage of opinion of respondent regarding the statement.
Based on the figure above, 33% of the respondent strongly agree with the statement from
the question followed by 22% of the respondent agreeing with the statement. On the other
hand, 27% of the respondent somewhat agree and somewhat disagree. Meanwhile, 16% of
the strongly disagree and followed by the rest of 2% of the respondent disagree toward the
statement from the question.
8.28 Beating the children is a proper way to educate them.
Table 8.28: The number and opinion of the respondent about the statement.
Beating the children is a No of respondent Percentage (%)

proper way to educate them
Strongly agree 3 7
Agree 5 11
Disagree 9 20
Total 45 100
Beating the children is a proper way to educate them
7%
11%
11%
Stongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
51%
Figure 8.28 based on the percentage of opinion of the respondent.
Based on the figure above,majority of the respondent which is 51% of it somewhat agree
and disagree with the statement from the statement. On the other hand, 11% and 7% of the
respondent agree and strongly agree with the statement respectively. Meanwhile, the
remaining 11% and 20% of the respondent strongly disagree and disagree with the
statement respectively.
8.29 Malaysia’s government is responsible in solving the issue.
Table 8.29: The number and opinion of the respondent about the statement.
Malaysia’s government is No of respondent Percentage (%)

responsible in solving the
issue
Strongly agree 8 18
Agree 23 51
Disagree 2 4
Total 45 100
Malaysia's government is responsible in solving the issue
9%
18%
4%
Stongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
51%
Figure 8.29 based on the percentage of opinion of respondent about the statement.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent agree and strongly agree with the
statement from the question with 51% and 18% of them respectively. Meanwhile, 18% of
the respondent somewhat agree and disagree followed by the remaining 9% and 4% of the
respondent strongly disagree and disagree with the statement respectively.
8.30 Actions that government should enforce to reduce this issue
Table 8.30.1: The ranking from respondent for government to priorities Public information campaigns against
child abuse.
Public information campaigns against child abuse No of respondent Percentage

(%)
Rank 1 16 36
Rank 2 12 27
Rank 3 7 15
Rank 4 5 11
Rank 5 5 11
Total 45 100
Public information campaigns against child abuse
11%
11%
36% Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
16%
27%
Figure 8.30.1 based on the percentage of ranking by the respondent upon this act.
Based on the figure above, 36% of respondent ranking first for the statement. 27% of
respondent ranking second for the statement while 15% of respondent ranking the
statement third. On the other hand, 11% of respondent raking fourth and fifth the statement
for each.
Table 8.30.2: The ranking from respondent for government to priorities Parenting support
Parenting support No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 11 24
Rank 2 13 29
Rank 3 9 20
Rank 4 5 11
Rank 5 7 16
Total 45 100
Parenting support
16%
24%
Rank 1
11% Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
20%
29%
Figure 8.30.2 based on the percentage of ranking of respondent toward Parenting support.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent ranking it high on first and second
ranks with 24% and 29% respectively. Meanwhile, 20% of the respondent ranking third for
the statement. As for the fourth rank, 11% of the respondent ranking it at that rank and
leaving the remaining 16% of the respondent ranking it on fifth.
Table 8.30.3 The ranking from respondent for government to priorities mandatory reporting code in cases of
suspected abuse
Mandatory reporting code in No of respondent Percentage (%)

cases of suspected abuse.
Rank 1 10 22
Rank 2 18 18
Rank 3 16 36
Rank 4 6 13
Rank 5 5 11
Total 45 100
Mandatory reporting code in cases of suspected abuse

Figure
8.30.3
11%
based
22% on the
13%
Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
18%
36%
percentage of ranking of respondent towards mandatory reporting code in cases of suspected abuse.
Based on the figure above, 22% of the respondent ranking it first followed by 18% of the
respondent ranking it second. The majority of the respondent with 36% from the total
respondent ranking this statement on third followed by fourth with 13% of the respondent.
On the other hand, 11% of the respondent ranking this statement on fifth.
Table 8.30.4: The ranking from respondent for government to priorities additional measures to prevent child
pornography.
Additional measures to No of respondent Percentage (%)

prevent child pornography
Rank 1 4 9
Rank 2 3 7
Rank 3 2 4
Rank 4 17 38
Rank 5 19 42
Total 45 100
Additional measure to prevent child pornography
9%
7%
4%
Rank 1
42%
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
38%
Figure 8.30.4 based on the percentage of ranking of respondent toward Additional measure to prevent child
pornography.
Based on the figure above, only 9% of the respondent ranking the statement first followed
by the second and third ranks with 7% and 4% each. On the other hand, 38% of the
respondent ranking the statement on fourth and leave the remaining 42% of the respondent
on the fifth rank.
Table 8.30.5: The ranking from respondent for government to priorities dialing hotline number provided to seek
help.
Dialing hotline number No of respondent Percentage (%)

provided to seek help.
Rank 1 10 22
Rank 2 11 25
Rank 3 10 22
Rank 4 6 13
Rank 5 8 18
Total 45 100
Dialling hotline number provided to seek help
18%
22%
Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
13%
Rank 4
Rank 5
Figure
8.30.5 based
on the
24%
percentage
of ranking of
22% respondent
towards
dialing
hotline
number provided to seek help.
Based on the figure above, 22% and 25% of the respondent rank the statement first and
second ranks respectively. Meanwhile, 22% of the respondent ranked the statement on
third. On the fourth rank, 13% of the respondent voted and 18% of the respondent ranked
the statement on the fifth rank.
Government acts
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Public Parenting Mandatory Additional Dialling
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5

Figure 8. based on the overall ranking of respondent on which act government should priorities to solve the
issue.
Based on the figure above, majority of respondent ranked public information campaign
against child abuse for the first rank of action government should take to solving domestic
child abuse issue as the ranking for first rank peaked on the public information campaign.
Next action that the government should priorities after public information campaign against
child abuse is provide parenting support for the second rank. Meanwhile, for the third rank
of action the government should priorities is mandatory reporting code in cases of suspected
abuse. The ranking for the third rank were spread averagely and resulting the highest
number of ranking for the mandatory reporting code. For the forth and fifth rank the ranking
from the respondent is close but the ranking for the fifth rank for additional measure to
prevent child pornography is higher than the fourth ranking hence the action the
government should priorities fourth is provided dialing hotline number to seek help to solve
this issue.
8.31 Child abuse will affect the children…….
Table 8.31.1: The effect on children Mentally and the ranking of respondent on the effect.
Mentally No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 25 56
Rank 2 12 27
Rank 3 6 13
Rank 4 0 0
Rank 5 2 4
Total 45 100
Mentally
4%
13%
Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4 Figure
Rank 5 8.31.1
56%
based
27% on the
percentage of ranking of respondent toward Effect of mental abuse on children mentally.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent ranked the statement on first with
56% of total respondent. Next, 27% of the respondent ranked this statement second and
followed with 13% of the respondent ranked this statement on third. No respondent ranked
the statement on the fourth rank and only 4% of the respondent ranked the statement on
fifth rank.
Table 8.31.2 The effect on children Physically and the ranking of respondent on the effect.
Physically No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 7 16
Rank 2 15 33
Rank 3 13 29
Rank 4 10 22
Rank 5 0 0
Total 45 100
Physically
16%
22%
Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3 Figure
Rank 4 8.31.2
Rank 5 based on
the
33%
29%
percentage of ranking of respondent toward Effect of abuse on children physically.
Based on the figure above, 16% and 33% of the respondent ranked first and second for this
statement respectively. For the third ranking, 29% of the respondent ranked the statement.
On the other hand, 22% of the respondent ranked the statement on the fourth rank. No
respondent ranked this statement for the fifth rank.
Table 8.31.3: The effect on children’s Social life and the ranking of respondent on the effect
Social life No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 6 13
Rank 2 13 29
Rank 3 14 31
Rank 4 9 20
Rank 5 3 7
Total 45 100
Social life
7%
13%
20%
Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4
Rank 5
29%
31%
Figure 8.31.3 based on the percentage of ranking of respondent toward Effect of abuse on child’s social life.
Based on the figure above, 13% of the respondent ranked the statement on first rank
followed by 29% of the respondent ranking the statement for the second rank. On the other
hand, 31% of the respondent rank this statement on the third rank. Meanwhile, 20% of the
respondent ranking the statement on the fourth rank and leaving the rest 7% of the
respondent ranking the statement on fifth.
Table 8.31.4: The effect on children’ Future and the ranking of respondent on the effect.
Future No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 2 5
Rank 2 1 2
Rank 3 9 20
Rank 4 18 40
Rank 5 15 33
Total 45 100
Future
4% 2%
33% 20%
Rank 1 Figure
Rank 2
8.31.4 based
Rank 3
Rank 4 on the
Rank 5 percentage
of ranking of
respondent
toward
Effect of
abuse on
40% child’s
future
Based on the figure above, the first and second rank ranked by 5% and 2% respectively.
Beside that, 20% of the respondent ranked the statement on third. Next, majority of the
respondent which is 40% of them ranked the statement fourth and leaving the remaining
33% of the respondent ranking fifth for this statement.
Table 8.31.5: The effect on children will shortening their lifespan and the ranking of respondent on the effect.
Shortened lifespan No of respondent Percentage (%)

Rank 1 5 13
Rank 2 5 13
Rank 3 3 8
Rank 4 2 5
Rank 5 24 61
Total 45 100
Shortened lifespan
13%
13% Rank 1
Rank 2
Rank 3
Rank 4 Figure
Rank 5
8.31.5
8%
62% based
on the
5%
percentage of ranking of respondent will Shortened the child’s lifespan.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent ranking the statement on the fifth
rank with 61% of the respondent. As for the first and second ranks, 13% of respondent
ranked the statement respectively. On the other hand, remaining 4% of the respondent
ranked the statement on the fourth rank.
Effect on Children
30
25
20
15
10
0
Mentally Physically Social life Future Shortened lifespan
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5

Figure 8.31.6 based on the overall respondent ranking on the effect of abuse toward the children.
Based on the figure above, majority of the respondent ranked effect of abuse mentally
toward the children as the first rank followed by average spread of ranking by the
respondent for the second rank and ending up on effect of abuse physically toward the
children as the peaked ranking for the second rank is at physical effect. As for the third rank
of abuse effect toward the children, most respondent determine that children’s social life
will be the third in order that will be effecting the children from abuses. For the fourth
ranking of threat that will effect the children from act of abuses is social life and shortened
lifespan of the children ranked by the respondent for the fifth rank of the effect.
8.32 Have you experienced domestic child abuse? If yes, explain your experiences.
Table 8.32.1 Types of Answer from the Respondents
Respondent (R) Response

1 No
2 No
3 No
4 No
5 No
6 No
7 No
8 No
9 No
10 No
11 No
12 No
13 No, but had witnessed one
14 No
15 No
16 No
17 No
18 Yes, was hit for going missing and failed exam in school
19 No
20 No
21 No
22 No
23 No
24 No
25 No
26 Yes
27 No
28 No
29 No
30 No
31 No
32 No
33 Experienced some older guy teased me and makes me uncomfortable
34 No
35 No
36 No
37 No
38 No
39 No
40 No
41 No
42 Yes, was hit by a belt because I went missing once and academic related.
43 No
44 No
45 No
Table 8.32.2 Responses on the Respondent’s experience on domestic child abuse.
No Yes (Physical abuse) Yes (Sexual Abuse)

R1 R18 R33
R2 R42
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R19
R20
R21
R22
R23
R24
R25
R26
R27
R28
R29
R30
R31
R32
R34
R35
R36
R37
R38
R39
R40
R41
R43
R44
R45
Table 8.32.3 Number of Responses on the Respondent’s experience on domestic child abuse.
Category Respondent Percentage

No 42 93%
Yes (Physical abuse) 2 4%
Yes (Sexual abuse) 1 2%
Total 45 100
2%
4%
No
Yes (Physical abuse)
Yes (Sexual abuse)
93%
Figure 8.32 Percentage of Responses on the Respondent’s experience on domestic child abuse.
Figure 8.32 shows 93% of the respondents have stated that they had not experience
domestic child abuse. Next, 5% expressed that they had indeed been abused physically and
remaining 2% stated that they had been sexually abused before.
8.33 Have your parents hit you by objects such as rattan, belt or any object as a
punishment? Do you think it is acceptable?
Table 8.33.1 Types of Answer from the Respondents

1 Yes
2 Yes, I do not think it’s responsible
3 Yes
4 Yes
5 Yes. At certain age, it is acceptable.
6 Yes, but not acceptable.
7 Yes, it is acceptable.
8 Yes, It is reasonable.
10 No
11 No
12 Yes, to educate.
13 Yes, but I do not think it is acceptable.
14 Yes, in a proper manner.
16 No
18 Yes, and it was harsh. I don’t think it’s acceptable.
19 Yes, but not too much.
21 Yes, but not acceptable.
24 Yes, it is a common thing in Malaysia.
27 Yes, but in moderation.
28 No, not acceptable.
29 Yes
33 Yes, not really acceptable.
34 Yes, acceptable when in moderation.
35 No
38 No
42 Yes, it is not acceptable.
Table 8.33.2 Responses on the Respondent’s perception on being hit.
Yes, acceptable Yes, not acceptable No

R1 R2 R10
R3 R6 R11
R4 R13 R16
R5 R18 R28
R7 R21 R35
R8 R33 R38
R9 R42
R12
R14
R15
R17
R19
R20
R22
R23
R24
R25
R26
R27
R29
R30
R31
R32
R34
R36
R37
R39
R40
R41
R42
R43
R44
R45
Table 8.33.3 Number of Responses on the Respondent’s perception on being hit.

Yes, It is acceptable 32 71%
Yes, but it is not acceptable 7 16%
No 6 13%
Total 45 100%
13%
16%
Yes, It is acceptable
Yes, but it is not acceptable
No
71%
Figure 8.33 Percentage of Responses on the Respondent’s perception on being hit.
Figure 8.33 shows 71% of the respondents had been hit by their parents with objects such as
rattan, belt or any objects as a punishment. They also agreed that it is acceptable for parents
to do so as long as the punishment were not harsh and in moderation. Hence, 71% of the
respondents had been hit by their parents before and simultaneously agreed that it is
acceptable. Meanwhile, there are 16% of the respondents had been bit by their parents but
do not think it is acceptable for parents to do so. 13% of the respondents have not been hit
by their parents before.
8.34 Parents often use violence to deal with frustration, disappointment, and anger. It’s how
they solve these problems. And they do it because it actually works. Their violence and
threats of violence actually get them what they want. And it’s how they gain power in
the home”
From the statement above, please state your opinion(s).
Table 8.34.1 Types of Answer from the Respondents.

1 Violence is never the answer 1
2 Parents should go for counseling when dealing with personal stress and
issues. 2
3 Violence is never the answer
5 Children can become traumatic and can affect one’s future and life. 3
issues.
issues.
issues.
11 It’s a mental health problem to use violence on your children. 4
issues.
13 Children can become traumatic and can affect one’s future and life.
15 It’s a mental health problem to use violence on your children.
16 Children can be educated by using violence. 5
issues.
issues.
issues.
issues.
26 Children can be educated by using violence.
issues.
33 Violence is never the answer.
issues.
issues.
issues.
issues.
Table 8.34.2 Responses on the Respondent’s opinion on using violence against children
Violence is Parents should Children can It’s a mental health Children can be
never the go for become problem to use educated by using
answer counseling traumatic and violence on your violence.
when dealing can affect one’s children
with personal future and life.
stress and issues
R1 R2 R5 R11 R16
R3 R7 R13 R15 R26
R4 R9 R14 R20 R31
R6 R10 R19 R24 R28
R8 R12 R21 R25
R33 R17 R28 R30
R37 R18 R29
R39 R22 R32
R40 R23 R34
R27 R35
R36 R42
R41 R44
R43
R45
Table 8.34.3 Number of Responses on the Respondent’s opinion on using violence against
children

Violence is never the answer 9 20%
Parents should go for counseling 14 31%
Children can become traumatic 12 27%
Parents have mental health problems 6 13%
Children can be educated by using 4 9%
violence.
Total 45 100%
9%
20%
13% Violence is never the answer
Parents should go for counseling
Children can become traumatic
Parents have mental health
problems
Children can be educated by
27% 31% using violence.
Figure 8.34: Percentage of Responses on Respondent’s opinion on using violence against children
Bar chart above shows the respondent’s opinion on using violence against children. 31% of
the respondents suggested that parents who use violence towards children should go for
counseling. Next 27% of respondents stated that children that are exposed to violence can
be traumatic and would affect the children’s future and life. 20% of the respondent said that
violence is never the answer, and 13% stated that the parents who use violence against their
children may have mental health problem. However, 9% of the respondents agreed that
using violence against children is acceptable and normal.
8.35 What are other ways for the government to cope with this issue?
Table 8.35.1: Types of Answer from the Respondents.

1 Conduct parenting seminar.
2 More free and available councelling counter for both adults and children.
3 Provide another home for the abused children.
4 Campaigns to help children to aware of abusive behaviour at home.
7 Police stations tend to ignore statements from victim. Police should be
professional and take statements and reports seriously.
10 Provide quality education early in life
11 To enforce strict law
12 Make more child welfare centre
13 Educate children on abusive behaviour in school so that they are aware
and not afraid to make reports.
14 Send help to the abused children
18 Estabalish a new department that focuses on child abuse
20 More exposure on educating the parents to treat them the right way
21 Raise awareness
22 Proper education in school to prevent abuse
23 Campaign for adults and parents to raise awareness
25 More exposure violence or domestic abuse on TV or social media in order
to educate Malaysians and as a reminder to all.
26 Sexual education is essential in school system that can help children
trigger abusive behaviour.
27 Educate children regarding the current law that government has imposed.
There are actually many benefits that would help abused children.
28 Awareness campaigns in mass-media or nationwide campaign through
posters and billboards.
29 Provide shelter for the victims so that it encourages children to seek help.
30 More exposure on child abuse is a crime.
31 Provide more free counselling for both adults and children.
32 More exposure on social media regarding child abuse.
33 Campaigns to have more exposure on the law of child abuse
34 More free and available counseling counter for both adults and children.
35 More campaign to educate parents on treating their children
37 Raise awareness on domestic child abuse.
38 Campaigns on domestic child abuse to raise awareness
40 Increase child welfare centre.
41 To enforce strict law.
43 Raise awareness through campaigns and posters.
45 More available child welfare centre in every area.
Table 8.35.2: Responses on the Respondent’s suggestion for the government to cope with domestic
child abuse
Conduct More free Awareness Enforce Proper More Others

parenting and through strict law education available
seminar available campaigns in school child
counseling , mass- on child welfare
counter media and abuse centre
posters
R1 R2 R4 R11 R10 R3 R7
R9 R5 R21 R15 R13 R12 R14
R19 R6 R23 R16 R22 R29 R18
R20 R8 R25 R17 R26 R40
R24 R31 R28 R36 R27 R45
R34 R30 R41
R39 R32
R42 R33
R44 R35
R37
R38
R43
R11
Table 8.35.3: Number of Responses on the Respondent’s suggestion for the government to cope with
domestic child abuse

Conduct parenting seminar 5 11%
More free and available counseling counter 9 20%
Awareness through campaigns, mass-media and 12 27%
posters
Enforce strict law 6 13%
Proper education in school on child abuse 5 11%
More available child welfare centre 5 11%
Others 3 7%
Total 45 100%
7%
11%
11%
Conduct parenting seminar
More free and available
counselling counter
20% Awareness through campaigns,
mass-media and posters
11%
Enforce strict law
Proper education in school on
child abuse
More available child welfare
centre
13% Others
27%
Figure 8.35: Percentage of Responses on Respondent’s suggestion for the government to cope with
domestic child abuse
Figures 8.35 shows the percentages respondents based on their suggestion for the
government to cope with domestic child abuse. As seen from the figure above, 27% from the
respondents suggest to raise awareness by conducting public campaigns and gain exposure
through mass-media, posters and billboards as a way to educate the society. Next, 20% of
the respondents stated that more free and available counseling counter can be introduced
as a way to help parents or children that are going through difficulties. Also, 13% of the
respondents suggested to enforce stricter law. An equal number of 11% of the respondents
suggested to conduct parenting seminar, to propose proper education in school on child
abuse and to establish more available child welfare centre. The remaining 10% from the
respondent gave an others opinion.
9.0 CONCLUSION
QUANTITATIVE
9.1 Gender of the Respondents

Based on the questionnaire that we have distributed, most of the respondents are male
compared to female. Mostly, the respondents came to the UNICEF booth in Sunway
Velocity Mall are males.
9.2 Age of the Respondents

Most of our respondents are 27 to 30 years old and above, 21 to 23 years old at
moderate percentage of respondents, 24 to 26 years old and 18 to 20 years old are the
lowest number of respondents. The respondents from the age 27 to 30 years old have
high number of respondents because mostly, the people are matured which made the
process of approaching easier with a serious topic such as domestic child abuse.
9.3 Status of the Respondents

Based on the questionnaire, most of the respondents are single, half of the balances are
married and a few of the respondents are divorced.
9.4 Family Status of the Respondents

From the data we collected, almost three quarters of the respondents have no children
while the one quarter of the respondents do have children. The reason why major
respondents do not have children because they are easier to approach and interviewed
than the parents who is busy with their children.
9.5 Respondents Who Stated That They Understand What is Exactly Child Abuse
Based on the data we collected, majority of the respondents do understand the context
of child abuse. Only minority of the respondents opposed the statement by not
understanding the context of child abuse.
9.6 Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their Area
From the research we had done, most of the respondents said no to the statement that
they did not heard about any domestic child abuse in their area. Apart from that, only
few of the respondents had heard about domestic child abuse cases in their area. This
shows that domestic child abuse do happen in some areas but not all areas.
9.7 Respondents Who Stated That One’s Family Members Are Aware if He/She Are
The result of our data collection shows that most respondent said yes to the statement
and balance of the respondents stated that one’s family member did not aware if he or
she were domestically abused in the household. This clearly states that if domestic child
abuse happens, not all of the family members alert and it might due to dysfunctional
family.
9.8 Respondents Who Stated That an Abused Child Should Remain Silent
Based on the questionnaire, most of the respondents stated that an abused child should
not remain silent and other least of the respondents said the child abuse should remain
silent. Most of the respondents were aware of the crime scene’s consequences if the
abused child voicing out the problem.
9.9 Respondents Who Stated That Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future
By referring to the pie chart, shows that most of the respondents agree on child abuse
can affect one’s future. Few of the respondents disagree with the statement. This clearly
states that child abuse is a vital issue and critical problem happening around our
community.
9.10 Respondents Who Stated They Should Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Happens
The result from the questionnaire shows that most of the respondents disagree to the
statement which they should not ignore if domestic child abuse happens even though
every parent has their own way to educate their children. The balance of the
respondents agreed to the statement. This issue clearly shows that people nowadays
still have the conventional image on educating versus abusing.
9.11 Respondents Who Stated That The Parents Have The Right to Educate Their
Children by Threatening or Using Violence
Based on our research, majority of the respondents stated that the parents have no right
to educate their children by threatening or using violence and the other minority of the
respondents said yesto the statement. The child abuse case happens when the parents
using violence to their child to show dominancy in the relationship as the sign of respect
and over power of the parents role.
9.12 Respondents Who Stated That They Heard About UNICEF Malaysia
Most of our respondents stated yes that they had heard about UNICEF Malaysia while a
few other respondents said no to the statement. This is because UNICEF Malaysia took
the initiative for roadshows and campagins to public places such as malls and carnivals
to enhance their marketing and awareness on current issues that relating to the child’s
rights.
9.13 Respondents Who Agreed with the Government’s Law and Enforcement Regarding
to Child Abuse Cases in Malaysia
From the research we had done, the figure above shows that the most of the
respondents agreed with the statement of government’s law and enforcement regarding
child abuse cases in Malaysia. The other few respondents disagree with the statement.
We can conclude that some of us are still hoping the government to improvise on the
law and enforcement regarding child abuse issue.
9.14 Respondents Who Stated There are Other Ways for the Government to Improve
and Ensure the Safety of the Children in the Household
From the data we collected, all of the respondents said yes that there are other ways for
the government to improve and ensure the safety of the children in the household. This
shows that everyone acknowledge on government’s effort involving this child abuse
case.
9.15 Respondents Who Stated The Factors That Leads to Domestic Child Abuse in
Malaysia
Based on the data collection, most of the respondents choose physical or mental health
conditions followed by society stigma in mistreating children as the second. Lack of
education among children regarding sexual education is the third choice made by the
respondents followed by history of being abused during childhood. Average of the
respondents choose poverty and lack of enforcement law on child abuse as the factors
that leads to domestic child abuse in Malaysia.
9.16 Respondents Who Ever Heard About The Cases of Domestic Child Abuse from
From the research, most of the respondents choose social media as the main source on
getting information relating to child abuse case. Newspaper is the second choice
followed by from a friend as a source for child abuse cases. The least of the respondents
choose getting information from their surrounding on child abuse cases. None of the
respondents give other opinion in this research.
9.17 Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in
Domestic Child Abuse (Victim and Abuser)
I. Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in
Domestic Child Abuse (Victim)
Most of our respondents choose the victim age 6 to 12 years old that usually
involve in domestic child abuse followed 0 to 5 years old. At average number of
respondents, they choose below 18 years old to be the victim for child abuse
case. This statement shows that most of us think that the victim might be small
in size or at their young age because they cant defense themselves by fighting
back for help.
II. Respondents Who Stated Group of Age that They Think Usually Involve in
Domestic Child Abuse (Abuser)
Most of our respondents choose the abuser age from 30 to 50 years old that
usually involve in domestic child abuse followed by 18to 29 years old. At average
number of respondents, they choose 50 years old and above to be the abuser
for child abuse case. At lowest number of respondents, they choose from 12-18
years old as the abuser and also few of the respondents did not know what age
might be for the abusers. This statement shows that most of us think that the
abusers is someone who is a grown up man for them to show dominancy in the
household.
9.18 Respondents Who Stated Where Does Child Abuse Usually Takes Place
According to our data collection, the most respondents choose household to be the
place where child abuse takes place followed by school and boarding school. Average
number of respondents choose playground which is where the crime case took place.
Shopping mall is the least number of respondents choose on where usually child abuse
takes place.
9.19 Respondents Who Stated Their First Action be if You Find A Child is Domestically
Abused
The result from questionnaire shows that majority of the respondents would share the
child abuse cases with someone if it were founded. A big number of the respondents
also choses to make a police report if they knew the child abuse case is happening
around them. Average number of respondents also choose by doing nothing if it were
founded and also followed by recording the situation. The least number of respondents
choose to fight the abuser and a few of respondents state the others.
9.20 Respondents Who Stated Which Family Member Would Likely Abuse the Children
in the Household
By referring on the pie chart, the most respondents shows that father is the main family
member that will likely involve in child abuse followed by Mother. Step parents are also
one of the high number respondents that would like to involve in the child abuse cases.
Average of the respondents state the others such as grandparents and teacher at the
nursery that involves to become the suspect of this crime case followed by Brother.
Sister have the lowest number of respondents that they think might also get involved in
child abuse cases.
9.21 Based on the data from Table 7.21 and Figure 7.21, most of respondent agree that
most of the children remain silent when abused with 87% of the respondent strongly
agree and agree with this statement.
9.22 Based on data from Table 7.22and Figure 7.22,most of the respondent somewhat
agree and disagree with the statement that most of the abuser do not belong to the
child’s family as 41 % of the respondent stated that they are somewhat agree and
disagree,opinion of the respondent are split between agreeing and disagreeing with this
statement.
9.23 Based on the Table 7.23 and Figure 7.23,there is no dominant opinion on most of
time children are abused when they are alone,at night as the respondent’s opinion split
between agreeing and disagreeing with the statement.However,the respondent’s
opinion leaning towards agreeing with this statement.
9.24 Based on Table 7.24 and Figure 7.24,most of the respondent agree with the
statement that most of the abuser are retarded or mentally ill.Only a few disagree with
the statement.
9.25 Based on the Table 7.25 and Figure 7.25,almost all the respondent agreeing with the
statement that physical and sexual abuse lead to mental abuse toward the children and
only few respondent is between agreeing and disagreeing with this statement.
9.26 Based on the Table 7.26 and Figure 7.26,the respondents mostly agree that most
people do not know that negligence is a form of abuse toward children .
9.27 Based on Table 7.27 and Figure 7.27,most of the respondent agree that in sexual
abuse cases,the child him/herself is never responsible as most of the respondent stated
that they agree with statement.However,there are mixes of respondent’s opinion that
somewhat agree and disagree with the statement and also small group of respondent
disagreeing with the statement.
9.28 Based on the Table 7.28, most of the respondent somewhat agree and disagree with
the statement that beating is a proper way in educating the children.However, the
respondent’s opinion leaning more toward disagreeing with this statement as the total
number of respondent disagreeing with this statement are more than the number of
respondent agreeing with this statement.
9.29 Based on Table 7.29 and Figure 7.29,more than which is 69% of the respondent
agree that the Malaysia’s government is responsible in solving this issue which is
domestic child abuse in Malaysia.
9.30 Based on the Figure 7.36,the action government should priorities to solve domestic
child abuse issue Malaysia is public information campaign to increase awareness among
Malaysian as the respondent ranked this action for the first rank.For the second rank
action the government should priorities is provide parenting support,On the other
hand,the respondent ranked mandatory reporting code in cases of suspected abuse for
the third rank of action government should take.Dialing hotline number provided by the
government for the victim to seek help ranked fourth by the respondent followed by the
last action that the government should priorities to solve domestic child abuse issues,
9.31 Based on the figure 7.42,effect of abuse mentally toward the children is ranked as
the first rank followed by effect of abuse physically toward the children as the second
rank.Abuse will effecting children’s social life as the third rank followed by effecting
children’s future and shortening their lifespan as the rank 4 and rank 5
respectively.Hence,the action of abuse toward children will most likely effect the state of
mental health before others based on the opinion of the respondent.
9.32 Based on the data obtained, there are significant number of respondents stated that
they do not experience domestic child abuse. This shows that majority of children in
Malaysia is not abused but there are 7% of the children in Malaysia may be abused in
the household.
9.33 From the data collected, majority of the respondents stated that they have been hit
by their parents with objects such as rattan, belt or any objects as a punishment.
Majority also agreed that it is acceptable for parents to do so as long as the punishment
were not harsh and in moderation. This indicates that our community should be aware
that any form of physical abuse is a form of child abuse. Physical abuse occurs when a
child is injured by a parent or guardian. Act or omission would amount to physical abuse
if they were to occur intentionally or with intent to injure the child.
9.34 Based on the data observed, majority of respondents suggested that parents should
opt for counselling when dealing with stress, frustrations and anger. This proves that
domestic child abuse is mainly caused by troubled parents that intentionally hurt their
children out of anger and frustrations. Not to mention, respondents also suggested that
children may become traumatic when abused.
10 RECCOMENDATIONS
10.1 Law Enforcement.
Child abuse issue is one of the toughest issue to handle because of the relationship between
family members and also the right to claim if the victim is still a kid. The weak law
enforcement from our local authorities making the abuser more aggressive on their daily
crime activity because they might have the mindset that is their family. Since it is a domestic
child abuse which relates to enclosed space of crime, the community should work with
police or responsible authorities to reduce the crime by giving information. It will be better
to tell the community on the punishment they will get if this cases happens around in their
family as a reminder not to to child abuse crime.
10.2 Collaboration with the abused victims.
For child abuse cases, there are several victims survived. Therefore, this chance must we
grab quickly to encounter and preventing domestic child abuse. Some might traumatize but
some of the victims want to fight back and protect others from having the same fate as
them. By collaborating with them, authorities or any organizations such as UNICEF Malaysia
can get several useful information to bring down domestic child abuse such as how to
escape, how to get reach for help which is very useful for the victims to stay protected for a
while.
10.3 Community must undergo a compulsory basic self-defense programme.
As the government and community geared up for upcoming this crime, a citizen or individual
also must play their role as well. Other than reporting a crime commited, they also must
know ways to defense themselves. To ensure this method to succeed, government must
create a self-defense programme where it is a compulsory for all citizens in Malaysia. To see
the effectiveness of this programme, there are many NGO’s bodies can be involved in a way
to share the knowledge and information to protect themselves from abusers or anyone that
might harm them.If the idea being operational, it will be not an easy task for the abusers to
throw their anger at the victims and thus child abusing can be prevented.
10.4 Increase awareness on welfare between neighbors.
Domestic child abuse can happen anywhere and majority of the abuser abuse the victim at
their own house.Most of the housing area in Malaysia consist of houses that are near with
each other hence exist the concept of neighborhood for each housing area.As a responsible
neighbor,it is one of crucial duty as a neighbor to check up upon neighbors to make sure
things are good in their family without disturbing them.Most of the time in cases of child
abuse,the victim abuser always neglect the child and also beating the victim.Immediate
police report can be made if the situation is getting out of hand and involving dangerous
weapon such as knife,scissor,bat and etc.On the other hand,if the situation is still under
control,the neighborhood can cooperate together confronting the abuser and make sure the
victim is safe.
10.5 Compulsory premarital course regarding child care.
The government could provide a compulsory premarital course that focus on child
care.Often time in cases of child abuse involving negligence of the children under their
care.The victim often lacking in term of education,food and shelter.Parenting skills are very
important for the future well being of their children for each married couples.Well cared
children often grown up better than the other children that have been abused in their
childhood.Beside that,a healthy family environment happens when the parent is always
responsible and make sure all the basic necessity of their children are fulfilled.
10.6 Install Closed Circuit Television(CTTV) or surveillance camera at the play ground and
school.
CCTV or surveillance camera can be installed in those specific area to prevent potential
kidnapping cases that often abuse to the children.Evidence that can be gathered from the
camera can be used to track the suspect and help the children.Potential abuse act can be
prevented as the abuser is aware and afraid of the threat of surveillance by the installed
camera.
10.7 Sexual education is a compulsory subject in school.
It is important to educate children on sexual education so that they will be more aware
of the surroundings and know to differentiate between normal behavior and abusive
behavior. Most children in Malaysia do not know that they had been sexually abused in
the household. Hence, proper education in school should provide basic inputs and
knowledge to prevent sexual abuse and or any form of abuse.
10.8 Public information campaigns against child abuse

The government can run a public information campaign aimed at preventing child abuse.
It urges neighbours, relatives and others who are close to children in abusive situations
to take action. The campaign also tells people how they can identify the signs of
domestic violence and what action they can take.
10.9 Making mental health services available to all those affected by physical abuse.
Children who have been physically abused may face severe, long-term psychological
consequences. Mental health services, especially if timely, can help ease some of these
consequences. Mental health services to those engaging in abusive behavior can help
them address the problems that often lead to physical abuse, helping end such abuse.
REFERENCES
Kamaruddin Z. A Malaysian perspective. In: Freeman M, editor.Overcoming child abuse: A window on a

world problem. Child abuse and neglect. Dartmouth: Ashgate; 2000. p. 257-80.
Choo WY, Dunne MP, Marret MJ, Fleming M, Wong YL. Victimization experiences of adolescents in
Malaysia. Journal of adolescent health2011; 49(6): 627-34.
Singh HS, Yiing WW, Nurani HN. Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among Malaysian paramedical
students. Child abuse & neglect 1996;20(6): 487-92.
Anda RF, Butchart A, Felitti VJ, Brown DW. Building a Framework for Global Surveillance of the Public
Health Implications of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Am J Prev Med 2010; 39(1):93-8.
Fry D, McCoy A, Swales D. The consequences of maltreatment on children's lives: a systematic review of
data from the East Asia and Pacific Region. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2012; 13(4): 209-33.
Milad Hassandarvish, Malay Mail Reported Child Abuse Cases Tuesday, 15 Jan 2019
Sedlak AJ, McPeherson K, Das B. Supplementary analyses of race differences in child maltreatment rates
in the NIS-4. Rockville, MD: Westat, Inc; 2010b.
Slack KS, Holl J, Altenbernd L, McDaniel M, Stevens AB. Improving the measurement of child neglect for
survey research: Issues and recommendations. Child Maltreatment. 2003;8(2):98–111.

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EWC 661 : ENGLISH FOR REPORT WRITING

SEMESTER SEPT 2019 – JAN 2020

DOMESTIC CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA

Harith Bin Aimiros (2018441514)

DOMESTIC CHILD ABUSE IN MALAYSIA

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Domestic violence occurs in all countries either rich or poor, developed or

 How UNICEF works for this crisis issue?

This study suggests several research objectives to be attained as follows:

 To investigate the factors that leads to domestic child abuse

 To investigate the effects of child abuse

 To study the roles of the government on preventing domestic child abuse

 To observe the act of the government on protecting the abused children

8.1 Gender of the Respondents

Table 8.1: The Number of Respondents Based on Gender

Gender No of Respondents Percentage

Figure 8.1: The Percentage Based on Gender of the Respondents

Age No of Respondents Percentage

Figure 8.2: The Percentage Based on Age of the Respondents

Table 8.3: The Number of Respondents Based on Marital Status

Status No of Respondents Percentage

Figure 8.3: The Percentage of Based on Marital Status

Have Children No of Respondents Percentage

Understand What is Exactly No of Respondents Percentage

They Understand What is Exactly Child Abuse

Heard About Domestic Child No of Respondents Percentage

They Heard About Domestic Child Abuse in Their Area

Statement No of Respondents Percentage

That An Abused Child should No of Respondents Percentage

That An Abused Child should Remain Silent

Statement No of Respondents Percentage

Child Abuse Can Affect One’s Future

Ignore If Domestic Child Abuse Respondent Percentage

Parents Have the Right to No of Respondents Percentage

Heard About UNICEF No of Respondents Percentage

Agreed with the No of Respondents Percentage

Other Ways for the No of Respondents Percentage

Factors That Lead to Domestic Child No of Respondents Percentage

Society’s stigma in mistreating 60%

Lack of education among children regarding

Ever Heard About The Cases No of Respondents Percentage

Social media 40 88.9%

Victim No of Respondents Percentage

0-5 years old 29 64.4%

Below 18 years old 14 31.1%

0-5 years old

Abuser No of Respondents Percentage

30-50 years old 32 71.1%

12-18 years old

Shopping Mall 1 2.2%

Fight with the abuser 3 6.7%

8.21: Most children remain silent when abused.

Most chilren remain silent when abused

Figure 8.21: The Percentage based on the opinion of respondent.

Most of the people who sexually No of respondent Percentage( % )

Figure 8.22: based on the percentage of opinion of the respondent.

Most of the time children are No of respondent Percentage ( % )

Majority of the abuser retarded or No of respondent Percentage( % )

Majority of abusers are retarded or mentally ill

Physical and sexual abuse lead to No of respondent Percentage ( % )

Most people do not know No of respondent Percentage ( % )

Most people do not know negligence is a form of abuse