HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Pre-Historic Architecture

NEOLITHIC AGE OR STONE AGE (8000-3000 BC)

According to Crave, J. (2020), structures are

in geometric forms created by earth and
stone. Created by our earliest human-made
formations. Their way of construction is
megalithic (large stones), and their usual
materials are animal skins, wooden frames,
and bones ( Espina, K. (n/a) )
(picture on the left)
Dolmen
Pairs of upright stone capped with
horizontal slab (Espina, K. (n/a)).

Pre-Classical Architecture

A. West Asiantic Architecture

50000-2000BC
It has 3-periods: Mesopotamian, Assyrian,
and Persian. Materials they used for
constructions are materials readily
available which was clay, soil, reeds, and
rushes. Some are bricks, timbers, copper,
tin, lead, gold, and imported silvers
(Espina, K. (n/a)).
(picture on the left)
Ziggurats
-Ziggurat of Ur
Religious buildings built next to temples
with 7 stages (Espina, K. (n/a)).

Egyptian Architecture

3200 BC – 1 AD
It has a centralized omnipotent authority of
the Pharaoh, there structures are
characterized by simplicity, massiveness,
and monumentality. Their construction
systems are columnar and trabeated, which
usually made of stone (abundant) (Espina, K.
(n/a).)
(picture on the left)
Pyramids
-Pyramid at Gizeh
massive funerary structure of stone or brick
of Pharaohs (Espina, K. (n/a).)
Classical Architecture
Classical architecture refers to the style
and design of buildings in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, from the rise of ancient Greece until the
fall of the Roman empire (Craven, J. 2020.)

A. Aegean and Greek Architecture

 Developed Doric, Ionic, and Composite
column (Crave, J. 2020).
Their buildings are characterized by
simplicity and harmony, with purity of line,
perfect proportions, define details,
monumental, formal, static, and columnar.
Their designs are usually windowless, door-
square head, and marble roof.
(picture on the left)
Temples

-The Parthenon, Acropolis

Chief building type with 12 columns (Espina, K. (n/a)).

B. Etruscan and Roman Architecture

The Romans borrowed heavily from the

earlier Greek and Hellenistic styles, but their
buildings were more highly ornamented
(Craven, J. 2020). their system of
construction are arctuated and trabeated, with
wall surfacing, buttresses, semi-circular
openings, vaulted roof, and mouldings
(Espina, K. (n/a)).
(picture on the left)
Theaters and Amphitheaters

-Colosseum, Rome
Gladiators trained to fight each others at
organized contests (Espina, K. (n/a)).

Early Christian Architecture

It was highly-influenced by Roman art and

Architecture. Early christians’ structure are
characterized by simplicity and horizontally,
with arcaded and trabeated system of
construction (Espina, K. (n/a)).
(picture on the left)
Churches (Basilican Church)
A building to shelter worshipers of Christians
(Espina, K. (n/a)).

Byzantine Architecture

Official style for Orthodox Churches. Style was

centralized and domed characterized by simple
exterior, and rich interior (Espina, K. (n/a)).
(picture on the left)
Churches
-Hagia Sophia, Constantinople
Distinction of Early Christian Churches to Byzantine, are Early Chirstian Churches are horizontally
plan, while Byzantine is Domed and Centralized.

Romanesque Architecture
Religious fervor expressed in arts, cathedrals, and monastic buildings (Espina, K. (n/a)).
Cathedrals
Gothic Architecture
Characterized by departure from classic lines, identified by the general use of pointed arch, and also
called Medieval Architecture (Espina, K. (n/a)).
Cathedrals
Architecture in the Renaissance Period
Baroque and Rococo Architecture
Architecture during the growth of the European States
Architecture in Colonial & Post Colonial America
Architecture in the Industrial Revolution
Architecture at the beginning of the twentieth Century
The International Style and Modernism
Contempory Architecture