Name ________Destiny Alejo Juarez_________ Date __Today_ Period _right now _

MYP Exercises. Cell Respiration.

1. Define cell respiration.

ANSWER
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells
of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate, and then release waste products. 

2. State what is broken down by glycolysis, what it is broken down into, where this
occurs, and what energy products the process yields?

ANSWER
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states, during glycolysis,
glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is
derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2
NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O).

3. What is the difference between aerobic cell respiration and anaerobic cell respiration?

ANSWER
Summary. Cellular respiration always begins with glycolysis, which can occur
either in the absence or presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration that
proceeds in the absence of oxygen is anaerobic respiration.
Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is aerobic
respiration.

4. Explain what pyruvate can be converted into during anaerobic cell respiration in
humans, where the process occurs, and the amount of additional ATP the process
yields.

ANSWER
conversion of pyruvate occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and the products are during
aerobic cell respiration, pyuvate can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water and a
large amount of ATP is formed although
this process begins with glycolysis. 

5. Explain what pyruvate can be converted into during anaerobic cell respiration in
yeast, where the process occurs, and the amount of additional ATP the process yields.

ANSWER
n yeast, the anaerobic reactions make alcohol, while in your muscles, they make both of
these processes and can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown from
the pyruvate made in glycolysis does not continue through oxidation and the when oxygen
is around since aerobic cellular respiration makes more ATP .

6. What is ATP?

ANSWER
Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to
drive many processes in living cells
7. Explain what pyruvate can be converted into during aerobic cell respiration, where
the process occurs, and the relative amount of additional ATP the process yields.

ANSWER
How cellular respiration can be sped up or slowed down. Key enzymes .like ATP is an
unstable molecule, and if it sits around in the cell too long, it's likely for ATP and NADH make
this enzyme less active, while ADP makes it more active

8. On this diagram, circle the bond that stores the energy living things use to do work.

9. What is the breakdown product of glucose that diffuses into the mitochondrial matrix
for further breakdown?

ANSWER
Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one molecule of glucose is
oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
10. Which reaction turns glucose into pyruvate and a small amount of ATP?

ANSWER
During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a
total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi -->
2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O).

11. Which type of cell respiration turns pyruvate into lactate?

ANSWER
In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic
glycolysis. Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.

12. Which type of cell respiration turns pyruvate into carbon dioxide, water, and a large
amount of ATP?

ANSWER
During the process of glycolysis in cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized
to carbon dioxide and water. Energy released during the reaction is captured by
the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

13. Which type of cell respiration turns pyruvate into ethanol and CO2?

ANSWER
Alcoholic Fermentation is another way that the NADH molecule can be re-
oxidized. Anaerobic conditions in yeast convert pyruvate to carbon
dioxide and ethanol. This occurs with the help of the
enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase which removes a carbon dioxide molecule from
the pyruvate to yield an acetaldehyde.
14. Cell respiration rates in mice were measured at different temperatures. When it was
very cold the cell respiration rates were high. When it got warmer, the cell respiration
rates in the mice went down. Suggest a reason that the respiration rate was higher at
lower temperatures.

ANSWER
The increase in temperature enhances the rate of cellular respiration. It is due
to the heat speeds up the reactions, means the kinetic energy is higher. It means
reactions speed up and rate of cellular respiration increases.
When temperature decreases, in order to conserve energy, cellular processes
slow.

15. Which stage of cell respiration is common to all types of cell respiration?

ANSWER
Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic
and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue on
to the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, if oxygen is not
present, some organisms can undergo fermentation to continually produce ATP.

16. Where does the answer to question 15 occur in a cell?

ANSWER
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Within the mitochondrion, the citric acid
cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative metabolism occurs at the
internal folded mitochondrial membranes (cristae).

17. Draw and label a mitochondrion.

18. Four ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis. Why is there a net gain of only
2 ATPs in glycolysis?

ANSWER
Although four ATP molecules are produced in the second half, the net
gain of glycolysis is only two ATP because two ATP molecules are used
in the first half of glycolysis. Red blood cells require glycolysis as their sole
source of ATP in order to survive, because they do not have mitochondria.
19. What are the three main parts of aerobic respiration?

ANSWER
Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs
cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of
pyruvate.
20. What are the energy products of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)?

ANSWER
After citric acid forms, it goes through a series of reactions that release energy.
The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH 2, another energy-
carrying compound. Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these
reactions.