Lesson 5 一张照片

1. Review：Place words
A 在B 的上边/下边/左边/右边/后边
A 在 B 和 C 的中间 point out the relative location of A in reference to B (or B and C)
e.g.我在弟弟和姐姐的中间。
I am in between my younger brother and older sister.

2. Question word 哪 nǎ or něi, which

Pattern: 哪＋number＋m.w. ＋noun
e.g. 哪(一)个（人）是你爸爸？which one is your father?
哪本书是你的？Which book is yours?

3. Modifier + 的＋noun (的 as a noun modifier marker)

place words, verb phrases can be used as noun modifier
e.g.中间的那个(人)是我爸爸。 北京烤鸭是我最喜欢的中国菜。
The one in the middle is my father. Beijing roast duck is my favorite Chinese dish.

4. Noun phrase+呢？How about…? Follow up question

The purpose of the question is to get further information about the topic.
e.g.你的妈妈是老师。你的爸爸呢？
Your mother is a teacher. How about your father?

5. About Age: Number + 岁: age

Question: Sb. + 多大？How old is someone?
Answer: Sb. + number + 岁。
e.g. 你多大？我 20 岁。

6. Comparison
Positive forms
1. A 比 B + adj。 A is more… than B. e.g. 我的姐姐比我高。
My older sister is taller than me.

2. A 比 B+ adj. + complement (degree and amount)

a) A 比 B + adj +得多。 A is much more… than B. e.g.我的哥哥比我高得多。

My older brother is much taller than me.

b) A 比 B + 大/小 + num+岁。A is num years older/younger than B.

e.g.我的妹妹比我小四岁。
My younger sister is four years younger than me.
Negative form
A 没有 B+（那么）+adj。 A is not as… as B. e.g.哥哥没有弟弟（那么）高。
Older brother is not as tall as younger brother.

If A and B is the same

A 和 B 一样+adj。 A is as … as B. e.g.牛排和烤鸭一样好吃。
Steak is as delicious as roast duck.
7. Modifier + 的（＋noun）
Note: Noun can be dropped when it is understood in the context. In this case, adj.+的 functions as a noun phrase.
大的、小的、男的、女的、高的、矮的、漂亮的
e.g.他是我们家最高的。
He is the tallest in our family.

8. Particle 了
It indicates that the action of the subject has been completed.
Statement: Subject +Verb/Verb phrase+了。 e.g. 我姐姐结婚了。
My older sister is married.
他去中国了。
He went to China.

Negation: Subject +没(有)+Verb/Verb phrase。 e.g. 我姐姐没有结婚。

My older sister is not married.
他没有去中国。
He didn’t go to China.

Question：subject +verb/verb phrase +了吗？ e.g. 你结婚了吗？

Are you married?
他去中国了吗？
Did he go to China?
— If the object of a verbal phrase is modified by a number：
Verb 了+ number + m.w.+ object
— 我吃了一个汉堡包。√

9. 还没(有)：not yet
Subject+还没有+ object don’t have.... yet
e.g.他虽然结婚了，可是还没有孩子。
Although he is married, he has no children yet.

10. Subject+真+adj. This pattern is used to express strong, extreme feelings, and give comments.
Note: “真 adj.” CANNOT function as a modifier (e.g., 真好的中文书 is incorrect). In this pattern，真 needs to
be followed by original form of adjective.
e.g. A: 他今天有英文课、日文课，还有中文课。 B: 他今天真忙!
A: He has English class, Japanese class, and also Chinese class today. B: He is so busy today!

11. Subject 不但 VP1/adj1，而且 VP2/adj2。 Not only…， but also…

This pattern must be used to talk about things in the same category or be closely related or express meaning in
the same direction, which is, both are positive or both negative.
e.g. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。 She is not only pretty, but also smart.
我不但没去过北京，而且也没去过上海。I not only haven’t been to Beijing, but also haven’t been to
Shanghai.