Pre-disposing factors:

 Atopy
Extrinsic Allergens:
Food additives
containing sulfites, dust,
molds, pollen, grass,
tress and roaches
 Female Gender
Intrinsic allergens:
Exposure to allergies and causative factors Physiological and
psychological stress, fatigue,
Allergy injections, weather changes, anxiety
Cortiscosteroids and genetic factors

Immunoglobulin E stimulation

Mast cell degranulate and release mediators

Mast cell stabilizer

Histamine
Leukotrienes
Bradykinin
Eosinophilic chemotatic factor

Localized Secretion of Cough and rhonchi

edema in the Antihistamine mucus into the
Dyspnea, walls of the bronchial
prolonged small lumens
respiration, bronchioles
increased and spasm of
respiratory the bronchiolar Mucus fills the
rate smooth muscle lungs bases

Inhibits alveolar
Hyperresponsiveness Increased airway ventilation
of airway resistance and airflow
limitation Hypoxia
 Wheezing and During inhalation, Hyperventilation
respiratory distress narrow lumen expand
slightly allowing air
to reach the alveoli
Respiratory
Alkalosis
During exhalation,
increased intrathoracic
pressure closes the
bronchial lumen
completely. Air enter but
cannot escape.

Barrel chest and

hyperresonance to
percussion

Legends:
Risk and Predisposing Factors

Manifestations

Medications

Reference
Malones, R. (2018, May 24). Asthma Pathophysiology and Schematic Diagram. Retrieved
from https://rnspeak.com/asthma-pathophysiology-and-schematic-diagram/
Felson, S. (2020, June 12). Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Asthma. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/asthma/ss/slideshow-asthma-overview