Hospitality and Tourism Business Technology

INTRODUCTION TO
HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 1:

The Tourism Industry – An Overview

and
Destination Information

NAME: _________________________________

YEAR & COURSE: _____________________

 Lesson 1
The Tourism Industry – An Overview

Scope
 Tourism and Its Components
 Tourism Impacts: Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental
 Relationship between Tourism and Hospitality Industries
 Career Opportunities in the Tourism and Hospitality Industries

Learning Outcomes
1. Define what tourism is,
2. Identify the components of a tourism system
3. Identify the tourism impacts; economics, socio-cultural, and environment
4. Discuss the relationship between tourism and hospitality industries
5. Identify career opportunities in the tourism and hospitality industries

Pre-Test

I. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. What is NOT among the jobs available for tourism and hospitality
management graduates?
a. Barista
b. Chemical specialist
c. Flight crew
d. Operation Manager
2. What is NOT applicable to tourism?
a. Going to work
b. Renting rooms
c. Shopping
d. Travel
3. Which among the following is a benefit of engaging in tourism
activities?
a. Increased government revenues
b. Overdependence on tourism
c. Pollution
d. Shopping

4. Which among the following is a cost due to the pursuit of tourism

activities?
a. Built structures
b. Employment
c. Increased cost of living 
d. Waste disposal
5. Which among the following described a “tourism impact?
a. It is always negative
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 b. It is always positive
c. It is the effect of engaging in tourism.
d. It is limited to a small, local area

II. Determine whether the statement is true and false. Write T for true and
F for false on the space provided.

__________6.The pursuit of a growing tourism industry is always a good thing

__________7.Careers available in the tourism and hospitality industries are
always low-level jobs
__________8.The tourism industry provides many job opportunities locally and
abroad.
__________9.Tourism does not always involve travel
__________10.Being in a foreign land for work is considered tourism.

Content:

Tourism is a worldwide, multibillion-dollar industry. Its popularity and

contribution are expected to grow exponentially in the years to come. Many
improved economics of regions and improved standards of living in local
communities have attributed gains to the presence of gainful activities.  This
lesson will endeavor to introduce tourism, its sectors and the possible gains
and costs to pursuing tourism activities. More importantly, with this
knowledge, it is hoped that the students may be able to get a glimpse of what
the industry is like and see that there are challenges and some unpleasant
realities that must be acknowledged and addressed; thus including them in the
promotional efforts explored to further the growth of this industry.

What is Tourism?
Tourism is one of the fastest growing and largest industries in the world
today. The data of recent year have shown that tourism receipts amount to
approximately US$ 5 billion worldwide and is still growing.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines

tourism as a “social, cultural and economic phenomenon that entails the
movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for
personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors
(which may be either tourist or excursionist or nonresident) and tourism has to
do which their activities, some of which involved tourism expenditures.”
(www2.unwto.org).Some activities result in “tourism expenditure.” This means
that visitors spend the money they have brought with them from their origin
providing income for the area they visited. The activities may be active or
passive in nature. The tourist may choose to be adventurous and take part in
all the activities that are offered in the destination or may simply choose to lay

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back, sit and relax. Either way, including all activities ranging in between,
these are all part of tourism, whether the visitor spends or not.

An additional condition for tourism includes consideration for the “time”

aspect. Tourism that takes place within 24 hours indicates that the area for
tourism is not far from the visitors’ residence. Visitors or tourists who engage
in this type of tourism are called excursionists. The condition of tourism
taking place for not more than one year is directly related to it not being in the
“usual environment.” If one stays for a year or more, he or she then becomes a
resident and no longer a visitor.

Travel and tourism are two terms often loosely interchanged. Oftentimes,
the terms are taken for granted and though to mean one and some thing. To
differentiate, travel simply means movement.  In the context of the subject
matter, travel is the physical transference of a person from one place to
another. Tourism, on the other hand, involves traveling, incorporated with all
the other features and conditions as stated above. Given this clarification, it is
made clearer that travel is only one component of what contributes to the
tourism industry as a whole.

Tourism Impacts: Economics, Socio-Cultural and Environment

Tourism operates in the physical and human world; thus, has impacts
on the lives of the hosts as well as the physical environment of the destination.
Impacts are defined as “actions of one object coming forcibly into contact with
another.” Whether impacts are positive or negative depends on the value
position and judgment of the observer or recipient of such actions. There are
three main impacts in tourism, namely: economic, socio-cultural and
environmental. All three impacts are intertwined in such a way that most of the
positive and negative impacts may cross paths with one another and, when
applicable, may be categorized under more than one type.

Economic Impacts

The economic impacts have to do with the economic benefits and costs of
engaging in tourism. This is where tourism receipts are measured and tourism
expenditures are recorded, with the ultimate goal of the economic gains
outweighing the costs of tourism development and maintenance.
The economic impacts include earnings of local communities from
employment; sale of souvenir items; local food produce; delivery of local
services such as massages, tour guiding, and tour escorting; food and beverage
services in restaurants, room rentals, entrance fees to sites; and the like. The
earnings of the government come in the form of tax remittances from items and
services offered. The cost of tourism development comes in infrastructure,

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which includes roads, terminals, bridges and air and sea ports for the
government plan and spending more. As for the private sector, expenses
incurred generally come in the form of capital investments or physical
structures that are part of the cost to do business. The members of the private
sector make these investments in order to eventually get a return by gaining
profits. Examples of these would be building hotel rooms or resorts to provide
accommodations and other entertainment facilities that tourists may choose to
avail of with corresponding price. Other investments may be in transportation
provisions, restaurants, travel agency services, and the like

Socio-Cultural Impacts

Socio-cultural impacts include the gains and losses in the “society” and
culture” of the host community and the tourist who came for the experience.
These impacts have come from two roots words: sociology, which the study of
people, their attitudes and interactions in a group; and culture, which
encompasses the behavioral patterns, traditions, values, beliefs, morals, laws,
arts and customs that people have formed throughout generation by being part
of society.

As with the economic impacts, there are both positive and negative socio-
cultural impacts. These are reflected in the range of socio-cultural experience
of both hosts and tourists alike. On the part of the hosts, the positive socio-
cultural impacts usually have to do with employment, which is also economic
in nature, but more inclined toward improvements in the standards of living
and how having these finances allow for better educational opportunities for
the children of those who are part of the tourism industry. Another positive
socio-cultural impact would be the increased knowledge and appreciation for
other cultures. This is a possible gain from both hosts the tourists. Increased
awareness about other cultures may lead to more tolerance for differences. It
may also inspire a stronger sense of “self “and the preservation of one’s own
traditions and practices for the people of the hosts’ community,

However, a reasonable balance should always be maintained because in

as much as there are numerous chances for gain, the negative socio-cultural
impacts may easily overpower the benefits reaped from engaging in tourism.

Some of these negative socio-cultural impacts include social crimes such

as rape, gambling, drugs, excessive drinking and theft. In the younger
generations among whom traditions and values are not yet so deeply rooted,
there are instances when the old ways are easily given up and their innate
culture is lost to the culture of the visitors that frequent a popular destination.

Even with the employment being a gain, a possible disadvantage is

underemployment, which is a form of employment distortion.

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Underemployment simply means that one is employed but the employee may
be over – qualified for the position he or she is holding. An example of this
would be if you have a college graduate, a certified chef who could easily help
manage a kitchen with supervision, but instead get assigned as a food server
because he or she has little experience and there are no other job openings.

Another example of tourism taken to an extreme would be when the

community develops an overdependence on tourism. This total reliance on
tourists to provide income for the locals makes for a difficult situation when the
popularity of the place drops. When tourism shows down, this will not only
lessen the income of the locals, but it will also affect the quality of their lives,
creating a domino effect of deterioration.

Environmental Impacts

One of the main reasons for travel and tourism is the allure of the
environment of the destination. Be it natural or man-made, the look, ambiance
and activities a destination provides are mostly the reasons it is chosen by
tourists. There are four major questions one asks with regard to tourism and
the environment: Where does it take place? What type of activities may be done
there? is the infrastructure for mass tourism (many tourists at one time) or
individual tourism (a few at a time)? What are the peak and low months for
tourism? The answers to these questions leave a marked affect or impact on
the environment where tourism will take place.

One of the most important gains to the environment when tourism is in

place is the raised level of awareness for preservation and conservation efforts.
The creation of sanctuaries for natural landscapes and fragile marine
ecosystems, especially in the practice of ecological tourism - more popularly
known as ecotourism - helps in taking better care of the resources available so
that not only does it become more sustainable, but it is also become an
educational experience for the locals and the visitors. Another gain is the
provision of infrastructure, especially in far-flung, rural areas that would
otherwise have been devoid of any improvements. if tourism was not
encouraged. This benefits the locals as it provides them with more access.

However, the environmental impacts are those that have the most
numerous consequences. There is congestion, overcrowding, pollution,
accumulation of garbage, damage to natural landscapes (as infrastructures
and new buildings are constructed) and intrusion into the natural habitats of
wildlife, to name a few, Oftentimes, the question is, if the beauty of the place
that made it a popular destination is damaged and tourism declines, does that
not defeat the development of tourism in the first place?  It is a heated topic of
discussion nowadays whether tourism’s economic and social gains may
outweigh the costs to the environment; although, there is a growing
thrust toward more sustainable tourism development practices in order to
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protect the environment. Hopefully, this raised awareness may help stir
tourism in the implementation of more responsible practices.

Figure 1.2. Figure 1.3

The shores of Boracay on a quiet morning The shores of Boracay on a regular afternoon with
tourist

Relationship Between Tourism and Hospitality Industries

The Tourism and Hospitality Industries are often interchanged and

people have difficulty differentiating the two. These two industries are very
closely-related, but they are not one and the same. The Tourism Industry is the
bigger of the two. It encompasses all activities of tourist from the moment they
travel out of their usual environment until the time they return to the place
origin. Even the provision of the services to tourists when journeying and
availing of various modes of transportation to their destination is already part
of the Tourism Industry.

The largest sector in the Tourism Industry is the Hospitality Industry.

The Hospitality Industry provides accommodations and food beverages for the
tourists. In other words, the Hospitality Industry takes care of the most basic
needs of tourists for food and shelter. It used to be identified as the hotel and
restaurant sector. The more encompassing term of “hospitality” means that it
is not limited to hotels only, as there are now numerous options of services
offered for accommodations. In addition, the provisions for food and beverages
are not offered by restaurants only. There are also many other choices and
types of food services available that to limit it to restaurants would not do
justice to this sector.

Career Opportunities in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

There are many career paths one may pursue in these two industries.
Though many may seem to be duplications, there are some career options in

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the hospitality industry that may require more skills that tourism graduates
may not be adequately prepared for.

For easier reference, please see the table below for some of the jobs one
may pursue after further studies in tourism or hospitality management. Be
advised that there may be many more opportunities for work or career not
mentioned in the table. This is only to give one an idea of options available.

INDUSTRY POSITION AVAILABLE

Tourism Industry: Transportation  Reservation Agents

Air / Cruise / Rail / Bus  Ticketing agents
 Sales Agents
 Marketing Agents
 Department Manager
 Operation Manager
 General Manager

Air  Airport Agents

 Flight Crew

Cruise  Counter agents: seaports and

piers

Travel Agency or Tour Operator Employee  Travel Consultant

 Reservations Agent
 Ticketing agent
 Documentation
 Sales
 Tour Escort
 Tour Guide
 Buyer-tourism supply coordinator
 Department Manager
 Operations Manager
 General Manager

Accommodations Sector (Hospitality Front of the house

Industry) and Cruise Lines   Reservations
 Concierge
 Front Office 
 Business Center
 Rooms Sales
 Banquet Sales
 Department Managers
 Operations Manager
 General Manager

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 Back of the house:
 Housekeeping 
 Kitchen Staff
 Sous Chef
 Executive Chef
Food and Beverage Service:
 Restaurant Staff or Server
 Bar Staff
 Bartender
 Barista
 Department Managers
 Operations Manager

Tourism Management  Tourism Destination Management

 Tourism Attraction Management
 Tourism Policy Creation
(government sector)

Career Opportunities in Tourism Promotions

Private Sector Public Sector

Sales and Marketing Department for: Department of Tourism (Philippines)

 Travel Agency      
 Tour Operator       Destination marketing spearheaded by
 Airlines the Tourism Promotions Board that
 Individual Attractions “exists” to market and promotes the
 Cruise Liners Philippines domestically internationally as
 Hotels and other a world class tourism and MICE
accommodations (to include destination, in strategic partnership with
Banquet Sales) private and public stakeholders to deliver
 Restaurants a unique high-value experience for visitors,
significantly contributing to increased
arrivals, receipts and investments of the
country.” -www.tpb.gov.ph

Summary

 The tourism industry may be summarized using the tourism framework

of Neil Leiper comprising the Tourist Generating Region (TGR), the
Transit Route (TR), and the Tourist Destination Region (TDR).
 Travel is the major component of tourism considering that the globally
accepted definitions of tourism, as per the UNTWO, is to travel outside a

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 person’s usual environment for purposes of leisure, business or others
for a period of less than one consecutive year without remuneration.
 There are three main tourism impacts, namely: economic, socio-cultural
and environmental. These impacts may either be positive or negative.
 The tourism and hospitality industries are intertwined such that
hospitality is a major part of the tourism industry that provides the
accommodations sector or the board and judging needs  of travelers
 Many may be misled to believe that the tourism industry is very small
Contrary to this misconnection, tourism is embedded in many other
industries and the job opportunities available to those who want to
pursue careers in this industry are numerous.

Key Terms Presented in the Chapter

 tourism
 tourism system
 tourist generating region
 transit route
 tourist destination region
 economic impacts
 socio-cultural impacts
 environmental impacts

For Discussion

1. Since you have chosen to study tourism and hospitality, which careers
would you like to pursue and why?
2. Identify economic impacts of tourism?
3. Identify socio-cultural impacts of tourism?
4. Identify environmental impacts of tourism?

Proposed Class Activity

Write a one - page essay on what career path you want to pursue in the
tourism and hospitality industry and why?

Post -Test

I. Determine whether the statement is true or false. Write T for true and F for
false on the space provided.

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_________ 1. All tourism activities have impacts.
__________2. The Tourist Generating Region is the place of origin.
__________3. A socio-cultural impact affects only the host community or the
people in the place visited.
__________4. One of the justifying reasons for pursuing tourism is the potential
positive economic impact of the activities.
__________5. The hospitality industry operates separately from the tourism
industry.

II. Matching type: At the end of each statement, write the letter that
corresponds with the correct answer.

A B C D E

Economic Environmental Socio-Cultural Tourist Destination Transit

Impact Impact Impact Region Route

1. better educational opportunities for the children of employees

2. travelling to the tourist generating region
3. employment 
4. preservation efforts for marine ecosystems
5. the palace where the tourist wants to go.

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 Lesson 2 
Destination Information

This quarter offers information about the top Philippines Destinations

featuring the top 20 provinces in the Philippines spread out in five lessons. The
last lesson offers the students’ knowledge on how to know and access
customer’s needs and wants

The Tourism Sectors and Their Tourism Impacts

Scope
 Tourism Sectors
 Accommodations and Their impacts
 Intermediaries and Their Tourism Impacts
 Destination and Its Tourism Impacts
 Attractions and Their Tourism Impacts

Learning Outcomes
1. Identify what tourism sectors are.
2. Define what accommodations are and discuss their tourism impacts.
3. Define what transportation is and discuss its tourism impacts.
4. Define what intermediaries are and discuss its tourism impacts.
5. Define what a destination is and discuss its tourism impacts.
6. Define what attractions are and discuss their tourism impacts.

Pre-test
I. Determine whether the statement is true or false. Write T for true and F for
false on the space provided.
______ 1. The tourism industry has to have specific coverage because
it involves everyone.
______ 2. Places are attractions only if they were built by man for
tourism purposes.
______ 3. Transportation is used to bring a visitor from their home to
the place.
______ 4. A destination may be in one’s own country as well as abroad.
______ 5. Accommodation only means the rooms that people stay in at
the place visited.

II. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. The intermediaries include
a. Airports
b. Hotels
c. Museums
d. Travel Consultants
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 2. The hospitality industry includes;
a. Airports
b. Amusement Parks
c. Hotels
d. Lakes

3. Which of the following is NOT an attraction?

a. Ayala Museums
b. Cebu Pacific
c. Mayon Volcano
d. Rizal Park

4. Which of the following is NOT a tourism impact?

a. increase volume of ears
b. Higher standard of living
c. Pollution
d. Waste disposal in seashores

5. Which of the following is not true of intermediaries?

a. They are needed in all travel transaction
b. They have a list of suppliers
c. Tourist is their clients
d. Tourist is their clients

Content:
What Are the Tourism Sectors?
The Tourism Industry is composed of several main sectors that cover all
aspects of travel and tourism. The participation of these sectors to deliver the
required tourism services may easily be. Identified in the Leiper model
discussed in the previous lessons. All these sectors will be discussed in further
detail in the succeeding lessons. This lesson will briefly discuss an overview of
these sectors.

There are five main sectors: accommodation, transportation, destination,

attractions and intermediaries.

Accommodations
This sector is also known as Hospitality Industry, from the word
“accommodate” that means “to provide room for or a place to sleep.” This is a
fitting name for this sector as this normally refers to “bed” on the temporary
home of visiting guests. Aside from the physical space that the guests will
occupy, to accommodate also means to provide visitor’s needs, wants and
preferences.

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 An even larger and more prominently seen portion of the accommodation
sector is food and beverage services. All operations that offer food service, no
matter how simple or how luxurious, are part of accommodations. Presently,
there are a growing number of establishments that offer only beverages and
these too fall under this sector. 

The “lodging” portion, or the places to rest, sleep or find temporary

shelter, which can range from extremely luxurious to very basic, is mostly
found in the destination of the traveler. In some occasions, it can also be
utilized in the TR or transit Route when passengers need a place to lay over
before proceeding to the destination.

On the other hand, the food and beverage service aspect of the industry
is availed by travelers at all points, be it the tourist generating region, the
transit route and the tourist destination. Even before the visitor is able to
depart from his or her origin, it is highly likely that some food or beverage is
already consumed prior to leaving. If not at restaurants before leaving, then in
the food stalls available at the airports, ocean terminals or piers, and bus
terminals.

All major impacts are felt in the Hospitality Industry but the most felt are
the economic and environmental impacts.  Firstly, this industry provides
numerous jobs, as shown on the table in the previous lesson, which affects the
standard of living and quality of life of the employees and their families. Having
jobs and means of income, even for those working in far-flung areas such as
exclusive coastal, resorts, affects the families, spending capacities; educational
attainment of family members: ability to provide food, clothing and shelter; and
the like. Even the few items mentioned may clearly affect the economic status
and the status of the beneficiaries in society, Job opportunities for those who
want to work in the accommodations sector may be numerous but applicants
must also consider that many of them are of entry or low level. One must really
put in effort to stand out to pursue the careers in the higher-level positions.
Once this is achieved, the potential growth as an individual and in one career
are countless, that is, not only limited to positions available in the country but
also abroad.

Secondly, one might ask why the impacts are felt more in the
environment. This is because all establishments participating in the
accommodations sector, with the expectation of mobile street vendors, have to
“build” structures in order to have a place to provide the services offered. Even
a small dormitory or back-packer hostel facility will require structural designs
to hold a certain number of people. Foundations are built and what used to
exist before a new structure is built will have to be destroyed to make a way for
development. If these were former rice paddies or are built on existing delicate
areas such as the case for many exclusive resorts or luxury hotels in rural
areas, damage will be done to the environment and the ecosystem.
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 In addition to the physical structures, the accommodations sector also
consumes the most fresh water resources. Each time a tourist flushes a toilet,
takes a shower, swims in a clean pool or when dishes are washed, water is
used. In high-end facilities, when the faucets are opened, clear water is
expected to flow. Fortunately, this abuse on water resources has hit the
“conscience” of some industry players that they now embrace innovative
“green” or environmentally - friendly practices. Some examples of these are in
the washing of linen towels. For luxury hotels, there used to be a practice of
changing the sheets and towel on a daily basis. Nowadays, the hotel
management puts some notices in the bathroom beside the bed asking the
guests if they want to help the environment and are willing to reuse their linen,
to please keep it in a certain way. But they still leave the guest with the option
of changing the towels should they prefer.

Lastly, waste and garbage is an issue not only for accommodations. But
for most industries. For the accommodations sector, they cover garbage on
regular items used by people, including paper, plastic bags and bottles, excess
or spoiled food and sewerage systems to name a few. Proper waste disposal
should ideally be a major concern for all facilities operating in
accommodations, both in the lodging and food beverage services> when the
items named above are not properly segregated and disposed of, they create
stock piles of waste or run into the regular pine lines for sewerage and can be
unsightly, smelly and unhygienic. An example for this is when restaurants
dispose of unused raw food and excess cooking oil by merely pouring them into
the drain; thus, clogging it up. When so much waste is piled, causing floods
that may ultimately cause the outbreak of diseases and cause burden to
residential communities.

Transportation

Given that tourism is supposed to take place OUTSIDE the usual

environment, transportation is necessary to bring someone to these locations.
Transportation requires a physical movement or transfer from one place to
another by means of physical activity or a vehicle that will put the transfer in
effect. There are three major components when speaking of transportation: the
origin, the movement, and the destination. The use of transportation takes
place during the movement but there has to be a Point A to start from and a
Point B to arrive at. Is transportation plainly for the use of tourism? It is
definitely not. People use various forms of transportation just to get through
their daily activities. But the evolution of modes of transportation and
technology now used in transportation has definitely aided in the progress and
reach of tourism activities all over the world that cannot be reached in 24
hours, if one flies straight to that destination. The availability of transportation
options has made the world smaller, not literally in size and distance, but that
places are now accessible.
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 In reference to the Leiper model, the tourism framework being used,
transportation for tourism activities is evident in the Transit Route and at the
Destination Region. Since transportation is needed for travel to a destination, it
is utilized in the movement from Point A, the Tourist Generating Region, to
Point B, the Tourist Destination Region. While the tourist is at the destination,
transportation is necessary to get around locally. 

Transportation also results in the three impacts of tourism. For the

economic impacts, for obvious reasons, transportation employees all over the
world benefit from employment opportunities provided by such institutions.
Some high profile careers which many aspire for are the coveted jobs in airlines
and cruise line allowing changes for employees to both work and travel,
sometimes for free and see the world. The impact of interacting with and
learning different cultures in the course of those trips are clear evidence of the
socio-cultural impacts of parking in transportation.

As for the negative environmental impacts of transportation, foremost is

that of pollution-air and water pollution. The air pollution is experienced every
day when fumes from gasoline run vehicles smoke up the exhaust of their
engines. It is said that airlines contribute the most to air pollution and sadly, it
is released high up in the atmosphere. Worldwide environmental policies have
been monitoring the “carbon” releases of airlines to the atmosphere and there
are now practices in place that require airlines to “pay” or make amends for
these carbon releases by doing activities that offset this damage. An example of
such activities is when the airlines would sponsor corporate “tree planting”
campaigns to absorb carbon releases and make Mother Earth a little greener.
Cruise lines also pollute the water with oil and gas leaking into the oceans.
Cruise liners are also taking environmental measures by hosting coastal
cleanup or supporting marine sanctuaries to raise awareness and enhance
marine protection effort.

Intermediaries

From the root word “mediate”, the intermediaries act as the go-between
or middlemen transactions between the tourists and the suppliers of the
Tourism Industry. The intermediaries these days are often referred to as travel
consultants who make the arrangements of tourists’ needs when opting to
make trips for whatever personal reasons or motivations they might have. They
are the tour operators and travel agencies of the industry.

The intermediaries have a list of suppliers for transportation,

accommodations and local tour providers in order to address the needs and
other requests of tourists wanting to avail their services. Their presence in the
tourism framework is not limited to one location. Traditionally, intermediaries
were often located in the country or location of prospective tourists (Tourist
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Generating Region) as possible tourists seek their expertise and consult with
them at their own localities prior departure. But with technology and the
extensive use of the Internet and social media, no, there are travel agent s
setting up online offices allowing them to be present in transit as well as the
tourist destination. Sometimes, when tourists encounter some difficulties  at
their destinations, they may easily contact the travel consultation to seek
assistance.

Upon completion of arrangements, online travel agencies may now send

files to travellers’ e-mail addresses and have them print the e-tickets and e-
vouchers for hotels and tours on their printers at home or at work. It saves
everyone’s’ time and effort. Information about destination and travelling
arrangements are now readily available in a click, however, the availability of
information and access to online reservation has been reasons for stiff
competition and sadly, the closure of many traditional travel agencies and tour
operators. In the advent of technological advancements in travel, tourists feel
they can dispense with professional travel advisories. There are many instances
when this may be true professional travel advice still proves useful for many
international rules for travel documentary requirements and permitted
connecting times. Expertise and experience still have their value in the travel
industry. There just needs to be some revisions in the format and means to
offer the services for the travellers to continue to think of them as relevant.

The intermediaries have little effect on the tourism environmental

impacts but are largely felt in the economic and socio-cultural aspects.
Economic impacts are, like the other sectors, evident in the employment this
sector can provide to travel experts all over the world. The socio-cultural
impacts are also evident in that for an agent to provide good service,
interaction is required with varied individuals, some from differing nationalities
and cultures, which may impact the travel expert’s life both positively and
negatively.

Destinations

The destination or destinations, as there can be more than one in a trip,

are the main locations that travellers intend to visit. In the tourism framework
of Leiper, the Tourist Destination Region is the primary component being the
area that will supply the needs and activities of the tourists and will achieve
their purpose for travelling. The destination may be domestic locations or
within one’s own country or may be international, spanning another country or
countries.

When choosing a destination, the purpose for travel is the main

determinant for the location, in addition to the political and peace and other
situations in such places. Accessibility and the availability of facilities that are

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to the liking of the tourists are also main considerations for the places tourists
wish to reach.

The destination is where the tourism impacts are felt the most. A large
majority of the employees who work in their respective tourism industry
activities, the host communities, the government revenues, the interaction
between visitors and locals, the provision of services and the development in
physical structures and infrastructure and all their positive and negative
impacts take place here. One tourist generating region may be another’s tourist
destination. This just shows that all places promoting tourism activities stand
to both gain and lose when tourism is pursued. It should be stressed that the
gains and benefits should always outweigh whatever negative effects suffered
from engaging in tourism activities.

An example of a destination’s tourism impact is the development of an

exclusive coastal resort. Many of these were done in the island paradise known
as Boracay. The building of an exclusive coastal resort brought in guests who
are willing to pay more than the average traveller for a stay on the island. The
employees benefit more because the tips are higher and the pay scale is also
higher. Government revenue was higher with more consumption. Many of the
visitors who were willing to pay more were from foreign countries; thus, there
was cultural interaction at a personal level between guests and employees. The
garden is manicured and the beach area is clean. Yet, the locals who used to
be able  to access the beautiful beachfront are no longer allowed to enter the
premises. The construction altered the natural landscape of the rock formation
and the terrain to make way for the rooms built and the man - made landscape
designs that were improved. Some trees that were home to indigenous birds
were also cut to make room for the development. In this scenario, without
measurable values, did the benefits outweigh the losses? These are part of the
considerations the authorities need to make when allowing such tourism
pursuit.

Attractions

Attraction s are the pocket activities and/or places that visitors do and
see once at the destination. There are two main classifications of attractions
and these are whether they are natural or man-made

Natural attractions, by definition, are the natural, untouched

landscape and features of a certain location that make it an attraction. These
are the forms of beaches, mountains, hills, canyons, lakes, rivers. Forest, wild
animals and the like. 

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Example of Tourist attraction 

Malcapuya Island  | Coron Palawan

Natural attractions are mostly owned and operated by the state unless
specific development of facilities built are investments made by the members of
the private sectors. Such an example in the destination where the beach area
in Boracay may be owned by the Philippines Government but the land
preceding the resort’s beachfront is privately developed. This results in the
rights of access to the public area being limited to resort guests only.. In
exchange for this, the resort owners ensure that the water and the resources
within the property are properly cared for and maintained.

Man - made attractions are attractions constructed, built, designed and

invested in by man. As far as ownership is concerned, these man-made
attractions may be either government or private - owned. Whoever has
ownership takes care of all operations of the facilities and collects the earnings
for the same. These man-made attractions include amusement parks,
museums, zoos, shopping centers and the like.

The attractions are located in the Tourist Destination Region of the

Leiper model tourism framework. The tourist generally schedules their
activities at the destination by allocating their time to travel to a destination
and experience the various attractions the destination may offer.

Summary

 The tourism industry is composed of five majors sectors;

accommodation, transportation, intermediaries, destination and
attraction.

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  The accommodation provides the lodging requirement-hotel rooms,
dormitories, villas campsites and the like-of the tourists in the area they
visit. The board requirements such as provisions for meals in canteens,
cafeterias, on side streets, in restaurants and even in luxurious buffet
offerings are also part of this sector.
 The transportation sector represents the tourist’s movement from Point A
to Point B or from origin to destination. The evolution of transportation
technology has allowed tourists to travel to farther points around the
globe and has allowed tourism as an industry to grow in exponential
proportions.
 The intermediaries are more commonly known as travel agencies and
tour operators. They are the mediators of the industry as they bridge the
gap between the suppliers, services and providing this information,
making the necessary arrangements for and on behalf of the tourists.
 The destination is the main place where tourists arrive, the attractions
are the places found within the destination that comprise the tourist’s
itinerary.
 All these sectors have positive and negative tourism impacts-economics,
socio-cultural and environmental-that effect the transit routes and
destinations to varying degrees.

Key Term Presented in the Chapter

 Tourism Sectors
 Accommodations
 Transportation
 Intermediaries
 Destinations
 Attractions
 Positive tourism impacts
 Negative tourism impacts

Post-Test

Matching Type: At the end of each statement, write the letter that corresponds
to the correct answer.

A B C D E

Accommodations  Attractions Destinations Intermediaries Transportation

Page | 20
 1. Excessive use of water resources is a major concern for this sector.
2. This sector has a constant challenge to make services relevant as
technology has become its competition as well as its tool for information.
3. It is the series of locations that contains the activities in a
tourist’ itinerary.
4. Technological advancements in this sector has allowed for the growth of
the Tourism Industry.
5. The only sector that may be found in the Tourist Generating Region.
6. It is the place that meets the needs of the tourists’ primary purpose of
travel.
7. It is a main contributor to air pollution.
8. It answers both board and lodging needs of travelers.
9. Its features may be natural or man made
10. Destruction of the natural landscape to make way for facilities and room
amenities is an environmental impact for the sector.

Reflection
In your notebook, journal or portfolio you will write your personal insights
about the lesson using the prompts below.

I learned that ___________.

I understand that ____________.
I realize that ______________.

Reference:
Tourism Promotion Services
By: Maricel Gatchalain-Badilla
Miriam L. Oreta

Page | 21
Hospitality and Tourism Business Technology
INTRODUCTION TO
HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 2:

The Tourist Experience

and
Tourism Promotion and
Services

NAME: _________________________________

YEAR & COURSE: _____________________

Page | 22
 Lesson 3:
The Tourist Experience

Scope

 The Tourist Experience

 Type of Tourism
 Types of Tourism Based on Purpose
 Type of Tourism based on Activities

Learning Outcomes

1. Recognize the tourist experience

2. Identify the different type of tourism
3. Classify the types of tourism based on purpose and activities

Pre-Test

Determine which type of tourism is referred to in the following statements.

Write your answer on the space provided.

____________1. Tourism that involves attending classes in the university.

____________2. Tourism that involves beach combing and sun bathing.
____________3. Tourism that involves going to museums.
____________4. Tourism that involves watching sporting events such as the
Olympic.
____________5. Tourism that involves attending a business meeting.
____________6. Tourism that may involves whale watching.
____________7. Tourism that involves buying souvenirs and gifts.
____________8. Tourism that involves looking for ghost.
____________9. Tourism that involves catching up with friends and relatives in
another country.
___________10. Tourism that involves taking part in the pilgrimage.

Content/Lesson:

The Tourist Experience

Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries. More and more,

countries are looking at the value of tourism as an economic driver. As such,
development of tourism products and services are also on the rise. The
development of countries as tourism destinations is now being carefully
planned. With tourism development comes the question: why do people travel?
What products and services do they really consume?

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 As discussed in the earlier lessons, a tourist consumes an experience.
He does not just consume food, ride airplanes, buy souvenir products, stay in
the hotel, nor go sightseeing. The tourist consumes a holistic experience.

The tourism marketer does not just sell hotel rooms, food choices in a
menu, or seats in a bus. The tourism marketer sells an entire package. He sells
an entire experience.

When the tourist goes back home, he brings with him memories of his
experience made up of the food he ate, the transportation he used, the hotel he
slept in, the sites that he saw and the souvenirs that he bought. He cannot
separate one aspect of his trip from the other; hence the tourist brings home
his travel experience.

There are different ways of classifying tourism types. There are emerging
trends that eventually become another category while some trends die down
after the initial hype. The types of tourism that will be discussed in this
book will  be based on the purpose by which a tourist travels and based on the
activities the tourists prefer to engage in.

Type of Tourism

Types of tourism are categories by which tourists travel, their

preferences, and their activities. These have been identified based on prevailing
trends on the purpose for travel and the various activities the tourists do when
they are in the destination.
On a marketing and promotions vantage point, it is important to know
and understand why and how tourists travel. Products and services should be
planned and designed to meet these needs.

Type of Tourism Based on Purpose for Travel

The different types of tourism based on the tourist’s purpose for travel
include:

Leisure
A huge percentage of tourists travel for leisure. Leisure is when a person
moves away from his usual tasks and daily activities to engage in rest,
recreation, and pleasure. Sightseeing, food trips, and shopping are included in
activities done by leisure tourists.

Business
When a person travels for business purposes, the tourist engages in
activities with which he may develop his business further. This includes
attending conferences and seminars, meeting with clients, business partners,

Page | 24
and potential investors. The business tourist usually stays for a short period of
time but is high spending.

Education
Tourists who travel for educational purposes wish to enrich themselves
academically. Some pursue regular education, diploma courses, or graduate
degrees in another country. Student tourists usually stay for a long period of
time but have limited spending capacities since most have no or limited
current employment. Educational tourism also covers those who travel for
organized learning such as field trips and participation in short-term courses.
This may also include visits to museums, historical places, and educational
institutions.

Special Interest Tourism

Special interest tourists are those who travel for specific and unique
purposes, such interests may not necessarily be mainstream but be emerging
types of tourism. Special interests may include dark tourism, space tourism,
and volunteer tourism.

Types of Tourism Based on Activities Engaged In

Tourists engage in different activities while on a trip. These activities vary
depending on the interests of tourists. A destination should be able to offer a
wide variety of activities for tourists to enjoy. Types of tourism based on
activities engaged in include.

Visiting friends and relatives

A lot of leisure tourists engage in visiting friends and relatives as their
primary activity. With Filipinos all over the world, it would be easy to locate
friends and relatives in places we want to visit. Culturally, Filipinos prefer to
stay in the homes of their friends and relatives as a way of catching up with
them. Also, it saves on accommodation costs of renting a place to stay. 

Religious
  Some tourists travel to take part in a pilgrimage or religious event.
Tourists travel to visit churches or mosques, participate in religious activities,
or just to simply pray for special intentions.

A pilgrimage is a journey to sacred places such as churches, religious

sites, and apparition sites to find oneself, meditate, and pray for
enlightenment. Participation in religious activities such as feast days of patron
saints, commemoration of Lenten season, and/or thanksgiving devotions are
often activities that religious tourists engage in.
 
Culture and Heritage
Different countries have different cultural practices and traditions.
Traveling to a new place gives the tourists a different perspective of life. Visiting
Page | 25
museums and heritage houses, examining historical artifacts, immersion with
indigenous people, and interaction with locals are just some activities tourists
who have interests on culture and heritage engaged in.
Some destinations are designed to be of interest to cultural tourists. The
richness of one’s race is highlighted through the traditions and culture evident
in the place’s architecture, practices, and even language. UNESCO World
Heritage Sites in the Philippines include some of our baroque churches, the
Tubbataha Reef Marine Park, the Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras, the historic
town of Vigan, and the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park. As
UNESCO World Heritage Sites, these sites are declared as belonging to all
humanity, regardless of where they are ( Cruz 2009 ). 

Adventure
Adventure tourism may be defined as travel associated with high levels of
physical activities in exotic, unexplored locations. It is a form of leisure tourism
for the physically charged and daring individuals who want to experience
something beyond the ordinary. Adventure tourists are willing to engage in
activities that give a natural high such as mountain climbing and white river
rafting. Zipline and bungee jumping are some man-made activities in
adventure destinations.

There are activities that are considered soft adventure and hard
adventure. Soft adventure activities are low impact activities with low levels of
danger attached to it. Hard adventure refers to high impact activities that
pump up the adrenalin and causes the blood pressure to rise.

Adventure sites include the Camarines Water Sports Complex and the
Lake Danao Adventure Park White river rafting and mountain climbing in some
of our mountain peaks are other examples of adventure destinations.

Natured-based
Nature-based tourism activities involve travel to places with vast natural
resources. This type of travel allows tourist engage in activities closest to its
natural setting. Mountain resorts, beaches, waterfalls, rainforests and
mangroves are places that nature-based tourists want to see and visit. Whale
watching, snorkeling and bird watching are also examples of nature-based
activities.

Eco-tourism
Eco-tourism refers to responsible travel to natural areas that benefits the
areas environmentally, culturally and economically, Tourists and destinations
alike are now becoming aware of the sustainability aspect of destination
planning and development. Eco-tourism advocates that destinations should be
developed such that future generations will continue to benefit from them. Eco-
tourism sites are usually undisturbed by urban development and have

Page | 26
maintained their natural environment. Some sites are declared protected areas
for the purpose of sustainability.

Shopping
Shopping has become a major tourism activity in some destinations.
Tourists, who engage in shopping, purchase products that may not be available
in their hometowns or products that may actually be cheaper in their visited
destination. Pasalubong (souvenir) shopping involves buying products for the
purpose of giving them away as gifts to friends back home. Souvenirs then
should be carefully designed to project the distinct image of the place.
Souvenirs also serve as memorabilia or memento of the special memories that
the trip represents for the tourist. Hong Kong, for instance, has long
established itself as a shopping destination with the presence of almost all
global brands.

The Philippines is also a good shopping destination. With the variety of

shopping places from tiangges to big malls, there are purchases that could fit
everyone’s budget. Metro Manila has some of the world’s biggest mall-SM Mall
of Asia, SM Megamall and SM North Edsa

Sports
Tourists who engage primarily in sports activities in the places they visit
are called sports tourists. This is particularly true for tourists who participate
in regional, national  or international sporting events such as the Olympic
Games, FIFA World Cup or the Palarong Pambansa. Some tourists do not
actively participate as players but as spectators. They are also considered in
this category since sports in the major reason for their travel

The Japanese, in particular, come to the Philippines to play golf. We have

high - end golf courses that have become attractions to the Japanese who come
to the Philippines for the weekend just to play golf.

Gaming
Gaming tourists are those who engage in playing games at the casino,
Gaming is a term used to describe people who gamble. There are tourists who
find playing games in a casino to be fun because of the uncertainty and risks
involved in gambling. Casinos are normally built within an entertainment
center near hotels, restaurants, theaters and shopping areas. Gaming tourists
are high spenders and normally prefer luxurious environments. Las Vegas and
Macau have positioned themselves as gaming destinations. In the Philippines,
City of Dreams Entertainment is being developed as Asia’s Las Vegas-like
gaming and entertainment complex in Pasay City.

Emerging types of tourism not covered in this section will be extensively

discussed in Lesson 19. Culinary, Mice, Health, and wellness and Cruise
tourisms are new types of tourism that are attracting a lot of tourism attention.
Page | 27
These are projected to contribute heavily on attracting a big number of visitors
to destinations in the Philippines if developed properly.

Summary

 The tourist product is a holistic experience and is not just one

project.
 The different type of tourism based on purpose of travel includes
leisure, business education and special interest tourism.
 The different types of tourism based on activities engaged in include
visiting friends and relatives, religious, culture and heritage
adventure, nature-based, eco-tourism, shopping and gaming
tourism.

Key Terms Presented in the Chapter:

 Tourist experience
 Leisure
 Business
 Education
 Special interest Tourism
 Visiting friends and relatives (VFR)
 Religious
 Culture and Heritage
 Adventure
 Nature-based
 Eco-tourism
 Shopping
 Gaming

For Discussion

1. What are the different types of tourism based on purpose of travel?

Differentiate each one,
2. What are different types of tourism based on activities engaged in?
Compare and contrast each type

Proposed Class Activity

Matching type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letters of your
answer in the first column.

Column A Column B
1. City of Dream A. Adventure

2. White River Rafting B. Nature-based

Page | 28
3. SM Mall of Asia C. Religious

4. Palarong Pambansa D. Gaming

5. Whale watching E. Shopping

6. Pilgrimage F. Sports Tourism

7. Vigan City G. UNESCO World Heritage Site

8. Rice Terraces H. Eco-Tourism

9. Marine Protected Areas I. Education

10. Museums J. Culture and Heritage

Assignment

Write an essay about “My Travel Experience”.

Page | 29
Hospitality and Tourism Business Technology
INTRODUCTION TO
HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 3:

The Tourism Industry – An Overview

and
Destination Information

NAME: _________________________________

YEAR & COURSE: _____________________

Page | 30
 Lesson 4
Tourism Promotion and Services

Scope

 Definition of the Tourist Product

 Characteristic of the Tourism Product
 Components of the Tourism Product
 Types of Product

Learning Outcomes

1. Define what a tourism product is and its characteristic.

2. Identify the components of a tourism product.
3. Differentiate the types of products

Pre-Test

Identify whether the following items are attractions or facilities by writing A (for
attraction) and F (for facilities) on the blank provided.

_______________1. Mayon Volcano

_______________ 2. Enchanted Kingdom

_______________ 3. Cebu Pacific Air

_______________ 4. Honda Bay

_______________ 5. Figaro Coffee shop

_______________ 6. Ati-atihan Festival

_______________ 7. Chocolate Hills

_______________ 8. SMX Convention Center

_______________ 9. Isarog Bus Lines

_______________ 10. Makati Shangri-La Hotel

Page | 31
Content/Lesson:

Definition of Tourism Products and Services

A product may be defines as anything of value that meets a specific

need. It may come in the form of a necessity or a luxury. A necessity is
something we cannot do without while a luxury is something that we can
forego if we do not have the budget for it.

In consumer marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a

market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a
want or need. It may include objects, services, places, organizations, and ideas.
Examples of consumer products include things we use on a daily basis such as
shampoo, soap, rice, milk, and coffee. There are the kinds of products you see
in the grocery or department store.

On the other hand, tourism products are products and services that are
not consumed on a daily basis. It is often a luxury that people get to enjoy
when they have extra money. These products and services may be combined to
make up the overall tourism product. There are many products and services
that form the entire tourist experience. Examples of tourism products are
meals in a restaurant, hotel rooms, and bus transport to a province.

A tourism product refers not only to tangible products but to services as

well. A service is something that a customer cannot see prior to purchase. You
are asking the customer to purchase something that is invisible and cannot be
tested. A product is like a ready-to-wear dress you see in the store while a
service is a custom-made dress you ask a dressmaker to sew for you. Products
include food, souvenir items, and drinks while services include tour guiding
services, in-flight services, conference organizing, and the like.

However, a tourism product may stand alone such as a meal in

restaurant or a flight to specific destinations. Often, a tourism product or
service is usually consumed in connection with other products and services
mainly because tourism products and services are consumed away from home
For example, the tourist needs to eat in restaurants, sleep in hotels or resorts,
and ride a vehicle that is not his own in one trip.

To help us differentiate a tourism product from a regular customer

product, most tourism products have the following characteristics.

Page | 32
1. Intangible
Tourism products cannot be touched, smelled, tasted, felt, or
heard prior to purchase. It cannot be subjected to prior scrutiny. One
cannot examine or test it prior to purchase unlike consumer products
that may be sampled.
Except for food that may be sampled prior to purchase, most
tourism products cannot be sampled prior to purchase. You cannot
try out the bed of a hotel without having checked-in, or know how it
feels to step on the powdery white sand of Boracay beach without
going to the destination.

2. Inseparable
The tourism product cannot be separated from the consumer.
When tourists avail themselves of products and services, they have
to personally go to where the products are. Since what is being
sold is an experience, the product and the consumer cannot be in
two different places; they have to be in the same place except,
again, for food which can be ordered for delivery. Note, however,
that the food can be delivered but not the dining experience.

3. Variable

The tourism experience is likely to be different depending on the

time the product is availed, the people one is with, and the manner
the service was provided at the time of consumption. One may be
likely to have gone to the same resort several times, yet each
experience may have been different. You may have gone to the
resort the first time with your parents and there were very few
other guests in the resorts; hence, your experience may be one of
peace and quiet. The next visit you made to the resort was with
your friends and it was summer. There were a lot of other
teenagers in the resort. Some of the guests – or you, yourself – may
be a bit rowdy and noisy because you are with your friends. This
makes your second visit different from your first.

4. Perishable
Unlike consumer products with which unsold inventory can
be kept and stored for sale again the next day, most tourism
products cannot be carried over to the next day. Products and

Page | 33
 services not sold today cannot be for sale tomorrow. To illustrate, a
100-room hotel may sell all its room today. If 20 rooms are vacant
today (meaning 80 rooms were sold), the 20 rooms cannot be
added to the 100 rooms the hotel will sell tomorrow. Regardless of
whether the hotel was fully occupied today or not, it will always
just have 100 rooms in inventory every day. The same concept hold
true for airline seats, restaurants seats, and resort facilities.
Because of the perishability of the tourism product, most
tourism establishments offer different rates during peak and lean
months to make up for lost revenue during lean season.

Components of the Tourism Product

Hsu et al. (2008) discussed these components as (1) destination

attractions, (2) destination facilities, (3) accessibility, (4) images, and (5) price.

1. Destination attractions. These are the elements of the tourism product

that pulls people to a destination. These are what the visitors want to
see. The Philippines’ attractions mainly fall under the sun, sand, and sea
category but should also include old churches, historical and cultural
artifacts, festivals, and many others. The Filipino, known to be the
friendliest in the world, is also a major tourist attraction.
2. Destination facilities. A wide range of tourist facilities within the
destination are those products and services that will help the tourist
enjoy the destination attractions,. These include accommodation
facilities (hotels, inns, and apartelles), transportation (taxi, rent-a-car),
food and beverage (restaurants and bars), shopping centers, and many
other support facilities.
3. Accessibility. For a tourism product to be highly successful,
infrastructure services (airports, roads, bridges, etc.) should be put in
place.
4. Images. Central to the product is its image. Destination image helps the
visitors form expectations of what they will experience when they are in
the destination. It also motivates them to make a decision to visit the
said destination.
5. Price. Pricing is an important component of the tourism product. It
allows consumers to determine the level of services they may receive in
the destination. Pricing products highly will create an expectation of
excellence and high standards while pricing it too low might give

Page | 34
 consumers doubts on the product’s quality. Factors such as seasonality,
distance, product classification, and length of time affect pricing.

Product Types

In most destination facilities, products and services have different types.

These include (1) core, (2) facilitating, (3) supporting, and (4) augmented
products.

 Core products are products that the consumer is really buying.

 Facilitating products are goods and services that must be present for the
guest to enjoy and use the core product.
 Supporting products, on the other hand, add value to the core product
and help differentiate it from its competitors. If properly planned, they
offer the product’s competitive advantage.
 Augmented products are factors that help the consumer consider the
product over other products because these include product accessibility,
geographical location and hours of operations, atmosphere, customer
satisfaction, and customer interactions with each other.

Example:
If someone travles for business and stays in a hotel, the product one is
really buying would be the hotel room where one will have to stay for a
few nights. This will be his/her home for a few days. The bed and
everything inside the room is what one is really paying for. But for
someone to enjoy the core product, facilitating products such as the
check-in and check-out services should be available. The business
traveller cannot get into the hotel room without checking in. Facilities
that would be helpful to a businessman such as a business center and
room service are supporting products. The presence of these services
adds value to the traveller’s comfort and convenience during the
business trip. The interactions with the service organization and with
other customers form augmented products because these offerings
enhance the delivery of the products and services.

 Core Product – hotel room

 Facilitating Product – check-in/check-out service
 Supporting Products – business center and room service

Page | 35
  Augmented Products – interaction with service provider and other
customer

Summary of the lesson

 The tourism product refers to a combination of products and services

that creates the complete tourist experience. The tourist product is
intangible, inseparable, variable, and perishable. Tourism products
include destinations, attractions, accommodations, food and beverage
facilities, and transportation among others.
 The tourism product is comprised of the following components:
destination attractions, destination facilities, accessibility, images, and
pricing.
 The tourism product can be categorized based on what the consumer is
really buying such as core, facilitating, supporting, and augmented
products.

Key Terms Presented in the Chapter:

 tourism product
 destination attractions
 destination facilities
 accessibility
 image
 pricing
 core product
 facilitating product
 supporting product
 augmented product

For Discussion

1. What differentiate a consumer product from a tourism product?

2. What is the impact of accessibility, image, and pricing to a tourism
product?

Page | 36
 3. In the example of an airline ticket purchase made by a tourist, identify
which parts of the airline ticket as a product is core, facilitating,
supporting, and augmented. Discuss why.

Proposed Class Activity

An all-inclusive 4 days/5 nights El Nido, Palawan Package is to be

prepared for a client. What are the different products and services to be
included in the costing?

Post-Test

1. Identify whether the product mentioned is core, facilitating, supporting,

or augmented by putting a check mark on the appropriate column:

Core Facilitating Supporting Augmented

Hotel bed
In-flight meal
Mini-bar
inside hotel
room
Breakfast
included in
overnight stay
Business
Center
Wake-up Call
Service
Shuttle
Service to the
Airport
Check-
in/Check-out
Service
Meal in a
restaurant
Toilet in Hotel
Room

Page | 37
 2. Identify which characteristic of the tourism product is being described in
each statement.
a. A room not sold today is gone forever.
b. During my first visit to this restaurant, I was with my parents;
while during my second visit, I was with my special someone. I had
a different experience with each visit.
c. I have to physically be in Boracay to experience the feel of the cool
powdery white sand.
d. I cannot have the fresh cool breeze of Baguio packed and delivered
to me.

Assignment:

1. Give 3 places that you want to visit and explain why?

2. Give the popular products and services in 3 places that you want to visit.

Reflection
In your notebook, journal or portfolio you will write your personal insights
about the lesson using the prompts below.

I learned that ________________.

I understand that ____________.
I realize that ______________.

Reference:
Tourism Promotion Services
By: Maricel Gatchalian-Badilla
Miriam L. Oreta

Page | 38