BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

Calape, Bohol
Joefrey P. Baluma December 12, 2018
Grade 12- ICT Programming PHYSICAL SCIENCE 12 Score:

ATOM- is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas
and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are extremely small.

JOHN DALTON- was an English chemist, physicist,

and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the
atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into
color blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in
his honour.

DEMOCRITUS- was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic

philosopher primarily remembered today for his
John
formulation of anDalton Democritus
atomic theory of Neils Bohr
the universe.

NIELS HENRIK DAVID BOHR- was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic
structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.

BROWNIAN MOTION- or pedesis is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with
the fast moving molecules in the fluid. This pattern of motion typically alternates random fluctuations in a particle’s position
inside a fluid sub- domain with a relocation to another sub- domain.

BOHR’S MODEL OF ATOM

1. Electrons revolves around the nucleus in definite energy levels called orbits or shell in an atom without
radiating energy
2. As long as an electron remain in a shell it never gains or losses energy.

THE PLUM PUDDING MODEL

States that the atoms are composite objects, made of pieces with positive and negative charge, and that the negatively
charged electrons within the atom were very small compared to the entire atom.

THE RUTHERFORD’S MODEL

Also called as nuclear and planetary model of atom, it described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core
called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called the electrons,
circulate at some distance, much like planets revolving around the Sun.

THE QUANTUM MODEL

The quantum mechanical model of the atom uses complex shapes of orbitals (sometimes called electron clouds),
volumes of space in which there is likely to be an electron. So, this model is based on probability rather than certainty.

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY

Proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible and indestructible building blocks. While all atoms of an
element were identical, different elements had atoms of differing size and mass.