Inspection 4 Industry LLC: General

Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification https://www.inspection-for-industry.com/piping-fabrication-and-erecti...
Inspection 4
Industry LLC
Home General Fix Equipment Rotary Equipment
E & I Equipment I4I Academy Services Get in Touch
Did you find this Piping Fabrication and Erection Follow on

article useful? Specification
Click on below
Like and G+1 This content provides you with a sample
buttons! Piping Fabrication and Erection Search this
Specification that is useful for field
Site! More than 300
inspectors.
Like 2.3K Articles!
Piping Fabrication and Erection

Home
Specification
This specification covers the minimum

GENERAL
basic requirements for various aspects of THIRD PARTY
the above ground piping and in trench
Third Party INSPECTION
piping for the industrial plants as follow:
Inspection SERVICES
Vendor a) Shop and filed fabrication and
Inspection erection of piping.
CONTACT US
Factory
Acceptance b) Installation of in-line instrument items
Test like orifice flanges, control valves, rota
meters, safety valves, etc.
Inspection and
Test Plan c) Installation of items like line mounted
Commodity filters, ejectors sample cooler, etc.
Inspection
d) Installation of expansion joints.
Industrial
Inspection
e) Fabrication & erection of pipe
Quality Control supports including installation of spring
supports, etc. both shop and field
1 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
fabrication include cutting, threading,

bending, welding, bolting, etc.
Administration of material certificates,

welding operations and execution,
administration of all destructive & non-
destructive examination and all testing
operations as required by the applicable
procedure and standards.
1.1. Where this specification and the

petroleum refinery piping code ASME
B31.3 conflict, this standard shall govern.
Sound engineering practice shall be
followed in the absence of specified
standards or specification subject to
OWNER prior approval.
1.2. CODES AND STANDARDS

- Piping Fabrication and Erection
SpecificationStandards referred to in this

specification shall be the latest editions,
including all revisions and addenda as
listed below:
Process Piping
ASME B31.3
Unified Inch Screw Threads

ASME B1.1
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

ASME B1.20.1
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS

1/2” ASME B16.5
Through NPS 24”
Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt welding

Fittings ASME B16.9
2 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and

Treaded ASME B16.11
Butt Welding Ends

ASME B16.25
Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

ASME B18.2.2
Welded and seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

ASME B36.10
Stainless Steel Pipe

ASME B36.19
Wrought Stainless Steel Butt Welding

Fittings MSS-SP-43
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

ASME-VIII
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

ASME-IX
1.3. RELATED ENGINEERING &

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
The following specifications are applied as

supplement of this specification.
A. Piping Material
B. Construction Work for

Piping
C. Pressure Test of Piping System
D. Cleaning for Pipe Lines
3 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
E. Welding Procedure for

Piping
F. Welder Qualification Test
G. Inspection & Test of Piping

Construction
H. Piping hanging & support
I. Piping Design
J. Marking & Color Coding
K. Painting Specification
2. DEFINITION
2.1. DIVISION OF WORK
All piping will be fabricated by a field

construction crew either in a pipespool
fabrication shop hereinafter referred to as
the "shop” (as per ------) or in-place
hereinafter called the "field".
2.2. PIPE SPOOL DEFINITION

Specification
The word pipespool, as used in this

specification, is a unit of prefabricated
piping consisting of pipe, fittings, flanges,
and other components integral to the
assembly. This piping is assembled in the
4 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
shop and conveyed to the construction

site for installation.
2.3. PIPE SPOOL INDEX
All pipespools to be constructed by the

fabricator are listed in the Pipespool Index.
Each index is in numerical order for each field
assembly area. The shop shall fabricate the
pipespools in the order they are listed in the
index, unless a list giving some other priority
is provided by Consultant.
The index will show for each pipespool the

pipespool number, quantity of identical
pipespools, revision mark, line number,
material class, and special information or
treatment. The assembly area, revision
date, and material are given at the top of
each sheet. Included with each index for
each area is a Pipespool Index Revision
page. This page is a record of all
revisions to the pipespool index. The
shop shall fill out and keep current the
information columns on the pipespool
indexes, and provide copies to Consultant
when requested or completed.
3. DRAWING APPLICATION
3.1. PIPESPOOL INDEX
All pipelines are identified with the line

classification on the plan and isometric
drawing.
3.2. EXTENT OF PIPESPOOLS
Where field installed material connects to

shop fabricated pipespools, the shop
fabricated spool will include all branch
connections for field piping, up to the first
5 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
field butt weld, first field socket weld, first

screwed connection, or first flanged joint
including the first flange. Pipespools in all
sizes of butt welded and socket welded
construction will be prefabricated in the
shop. Threaded piping and threaded
components which are installed as
attachments to shop fabricated pipespools
shall be termed field installed materials.
Straight runs of piping indicated as
random piping are not pipespools. These
straight runs are installed by the field
crews in random lengths. The division
between the three different types is shown
on the drawings as indicated in figure.
Here, "S" means shop fabricated, "F"

means field-installed material and "R"
stands for field-installed random lengths.
"FW" is a weld done in the field.
3.3. ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS - Piping

Fabrication and Erection Specification
Consultant will provide the isometric drawings

for all 1-1/2 inch and larger for stainless steel
and 2 inch and larger for carbon steel. The
isometric drawing will show also combined
line number, equipment nozzles to which the
pipeline is connected, call outs and high point
vents and low point drains. A bill of material
take off for the isometric shall be attached.
The bill shall include the code, size, quantity
and description for each piping component.
3.4. SYMBOLS
Drawing symbols used on the piping

drawings are defined on legend. The
following definitions specify what is
required when certain letter symbols are
used on the drawings.
6 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
"FW" A field weld is the joining of two

components, beveled for welding, made to
drawing dimensions, and to be welded at the
construction site.
"FU" A fit-up weld is a field weld that

allows some dimensional adjustment of a
pipe spool during final assembly. One of the
mating ends is square-cut 3 inches longer
than the dimensions required. The other
mating end is bevel-cut to the exact
dimension indicated on the drawings.
"DW" A dummy weld is a weld

connecting a supporting appurtenance to a
pipeline. The support is an extension of the
piping but with no connection into the fluid
stream.
3.5. FIELD WELDS
The Construction contractor shall locate on

the piping erection drawings, field welds or
fit-up welds as required for site erection,
except no location will be shown for socket
weld connections between pipe spools built in
the shop and those built at the construction
site.
3.6. DIMENSIONS
Unless otherwise specify all dimensions

terminating at a flange are measured from
the gasket face for raised-face flanges
and flat-face flanges, and the raised face
of ring-joint flanges. Gaskets are indicated
by a short line placed beside or between
the dimension limit lines. Only gaskets
which have a different thickness than the
material class gasket are dimensioned.
Whenever an overall dimension does not
7 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
appear on a drawing, the dimension is

assumed to be the sum of individual
standard fitting lengths coincident with the
piping line class material.
4. FABRICATION
4.1. GENERAL - Piping Fabrication

and Erection Specification
Fabrication works shall comply with the

drawings and this specification including
relevant Engineering and Construction
Specifications.
4.1.1. All weld numbers and welder’s

identification number shall be painted
close to the weld, to enable trace ability of
each weld and each welder, socket welds
shall be numbered per fitting, e.g. S.W tee
has one weld number.
4.1.2. Construction Contractor shall

maintain the color coding on piping
materials to allow easy and quick
reference in accordance with the project
engineering specification.
4.1.3. All materials included in the

finished piping systems shall be
undamaged.
4.1.4. Construction Contractor must

provide adequate protection for piping,
flange faces, threaded connections, etc. to
prevent damage during handling and
storage. Construction Contractor shall
ensure that flange faces are protected
from corrosion or rust.
4.1.5. Piping shall be stored in a

relatively clean, dry or well drained area
8 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
on elevated dunnage and protected

against contact with salts or salty water.
4.1.6. All attachments to piping, i.e.

saddles, pads, etc. are to be made of
same material to the pipe.
4.2. DIMENSIONAL - Piping

TOLERANCE
4.2.1. Wrought Bends
A. Wrought bends shall show no significant

marks or corrugations and shall be smooth
and regular in outline. Flattening shall not
exceed 8% of the pipe outside diameter for
pressure duties, or 3% of the pipe outside
diameter for vacuum duties. There shall be no
significant thinning when the pipe bend radius
is 5 x nominal diameter or greater.
B. In general thickness stainless steel pipe of

equivalent to schedule 10S and thinner shall
not be bent.
4.2.2. Pipe Dimensions
Tolerances shall be ±1.5mm from flange face

to flange face, or centerline of pipe to flange
face.
4.2.3. Flange Face
Flange faces shall not be concave.

Convexity from flange bore to joint face
periphery shall not exceed 0.15mm per
centimeter width of joint face.
4.2.4. Squareness of Flanges
9 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
Flanges shall be square to the axis of the pipe

to within an angle of 0° - 18' (0.3°) I.E.
0.05mm per centimeter measured across the
face of the flange, with the pipe adequately
supported.
4.2.5. Bolt Holes of Flanges
Flange bolt holes shall straddle the

established centerlines (Horizontal or vertical).
However, flanged connections on equipment
may vary and should be individually checked.
When these connections differ, the bolt hole
orientation shall be indicated on the isometric
piping detail sheet. Holes in double flanged
pipes shall be correctly aligned.
4.3. WELD DETAILS - Piping

4.3.1. Butt Welds
The term "Butt-Weld" refers to

circumferential butt joints only. Special
requirements may be imposed where
longitudinal welds are to be made and
these welds shall not be carried out before
Consultant has approved the methods to
be used. Longitudinal and spiral welds
existing in pipes as produced at the mill
are outside the scope of this specification.
4.3.2. Weld Preparation
Weld preparation shall be in accordance

with the following:
A. Preparation standard shall be applied to

ASME B31.3 and the modifications to the
standard contained within clause 5.3.6 of this
specification.
10 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
B. Ends shall be beveled or square cut for

welding as follows:
1) Beveled for wall thickness greater than

2.3mm
2) Square cut for wall thickness 2.3 mm and

less
4.3.3. Root Gaps
Spacers shall be used while tack welding

pipe and fittings in position to insure
proper gap and full penetration in welding.
The tack welds complying with the
requirements of ASME B31.3, 328.5.1(C)
may be allowed to become a part of the
finished weld, whereas those not
complying are not acceptable and must be
chipped out before completing the weld.
4.3.4. Bore Matching and Alignment
Bore matching and alignment shall be in

accordance with ASME B31.3. Where
pipe, fittings and flanges are to be joined
by circumferential butt-welds, the
corresponding parts shall be modeled and
matched so that any misalignment at the
inside of the piping shall not exceed 1/16
inch at any point of the circumference of
the joint.
Fit-up work may include pressing, hammering,

local heating or grinding as required to reduce
any misalignment due to diameter tolerances,
out-of-roundness or unequal wall thickness of
the parts of less than 1/16 inch. parts having
unequal wall thickness and bores shall be
prepared in accordance with one of the
details shown in ASME B31.3.
11 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
4.3.5. Cutting
A. Pipes may be cut mechanically by

sawing or grinding machine.
B. Cutting method involving heating e.g.

Flame or arc cutting for carbon steel are
allowed providing the cut edge is
machined or ground back sufficiently far to
give specified parent material properties at the
cut edge with a minimum of 1.5 mm.
C. Plasma-jet cutting may be use to cut

austenitic stainless steel pipes and other
materials.
D. Flame cutting of austenitic stainless steel

pipe is not allowed.
E. Other methods of cutting may be used

providing written approval is obtained from
Consultant.
4.3.6. Welding Position of Longitudinal

Seams
Longitudinal seams in seam welded pipe shall

be located so as to clear openings and
external attachments possible. Longitudinal
seams in adjoining courses shall be
preperably at 180°but a minimum between
seams are in accordance with construction
specification.
4.4. BRANCH WELDS - Piping

Branch connections shall be located as

indicated on the piping detail sheet or
isometric piping drawings. All branch
connections shall be designed in
accordance with Para. 304.3 of ASME
12 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
B31.3. Forged or extruded branch

connections are preferred.
4.4.1. No Fitting
Branches shall be of 'Stub-in' design in

accordance with Construction Specification
0000-S1830-003 and ASME B31.3.
4.4.2. Forged branch attachments

(Brancholets) shall be of the type specified on
Consultant's drawings and fitted accurately to
the contours of the run pipe.
4.4.3. Reinforcing Pads
A. For pressure reinforcement
Reinforcing pads required by the referenced

code or by piping detail sheets shall be
provided with at least one vent hole if fully
welded. The hole shall be drilled and tapped
with a 1/8 inch pipe thread for testing and
venting. The tapped hole shall be plugged
using wood, plastic or mastic material not
capable of retaining pressure.
B. For structural attachment
Reinforcing pads for structural attachment

shall be provided with an untapped hole of 1/4
inch (6 mm) diameter for venting.
C. Where reinforcing pads are fitted either for

branches or structural attachments they shall
be accurately shaped so that no gap larger
than 1/8 inch (3.0mm), measured before
welding, shall exist between the periphery of
the pad and the pipe to which it fits.
4.4.4. Mitered Bends
13 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
Mitered bends shall be in accordance with

piping material specification ------. The number
of cuts shall be as stated on the drawing.
Mitered bends are used only when specified
on the drawings and shall be in accordance
with ASME B31.3 Chapter V. A joint efficiency
not exceeding 70% shall be used in the
strength calculations for mitered bends. The
welds in mitered bends shall penetrate the full
thickness of the pipe and the bead on the
inside of the throat shall be smooth and have
an even curvature. In order to prevent a notch
effect.
4.4.5. Beveled Ends
Refer to Construction Specification XXX
4.4.6. Fillet Welds
Refer to Construction Specification XXX
4.5. BENDING - Piping Fabrication and

Erection Specification
4.5.1. Bends shall conform dimensionally to

the drawings and relevant clauses of this
specification. Hot bend is not permitted.
4.5.2. Cold Bending
A. Cold bends to a centerline radius greater

than five (5) times the nominal pipe diameter
may be manufactured without a subsequent
heat treatment unless a heat treatment is
specified on the project specification, piping
detail sheets, or isometric drawings.
B. Cold bends to a radius less than five (5)

times the nominal pipe diameter is not
allowed.
14 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
C. Bending after completion of fabrication to

meet dimensional requirements shall not be
carried out without the approval of the
engineer.
5. WELDING - Piping Fabrication and

5.1. WELDING PROCESS - Piping

5.1.1. Basic welding requirements are to

be in accordance with ASME B31.3.
Welders shall be approved in accordance
with the relevant clauses of this standard.
5.1.2. Welding shall be carried out by one,

or a combination of the following
processes:
A. Shield metal arc welding (SMAW)
B. Inert gas metal (MIG)
C. Tungsten inert gas with filler wire (TIG)
The (SMAW) and (TIG) processes are

preferred as welding process.
5.1.3. Backing rings shall not be used

without prior written content and
approval of Consultant.
5.1.4. Where tack welding is carried out,

tacks shall be as large as possible and to the
satisfaction of the Consultant inspection. Tack
welds shall be removed so that they do not
form part of the finished weld unless they are
produced fully qualified and tested welders to
the same procedure as the finished weld, in
which case they may be absorbed into the
finished weld.
15 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
5.1.5. Flange faces shall be kept free

from weld spatter and arc strike.
5.2. WELDING PROCEDURE - Piping

5.2.1. Welding procedures are to be

qualified in accordance with the ASME
boiler and pressure vessel code section IX
and ASME B31.3, and shall be approved
by Consultant before any work is carried
out.
5.2.2. Welder's competence shall be

determined in accordance with Welder
Qualification Test
5.2.3. It is fabricator's responsibility to

reference each weld to its welder and
correct procedure.
5.2.4. Electrodes and filler wires shall

conform to the requirements specified in
para. 7.1.
5.2.5. Requirements for mixed metal

welds are specified in para. 6.
5.2.6. Fusion faces may be prepared by

sawing, chipping, machining or grinding.
They shall be smooth and free from
defects and together with the adjacent
material shall be thoroughly cleaned of oil,
grease, paint and shall be free from all
rust, scale, ice/water for a distance of 50
mm from the edge of the weld.
5.2.7. The visible surface of all welds are to

be clean of slag, regular uniform in contour,
without undercuts, crack or blowholes and
free from spatter.
16 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
5.2.8. Weld reinforcement: The thickness

of weld reinforcement shall not exceed the
following, considering the thinner
component being joined:
Component Thickness (in.)

Maximum Reinforcement (in.)
1/2 and Under

1/8
from 1/2 to 1
5/32
Over 1
3/16
For double welded joints this limitation on

reinforcement shall apply separately to the
weld reinforcement inside and outside. The
finished internal and external surfaces of the
weld shall merge smoothly into the
component surfaces or the weld toe.
5.2.9. When unacceptable defects are found

in complete welds, they are to be removed by
grinding, chipping or machining.
5.2.10. The basic principles of the

welding procedure initially used are to be
employed for repair of faulty welds.
5.3. SPECIAL PROCESS CONTROL

Specification
5.3.1. Work control procedure shall be

prepared prior to start the special process
such as heat treatment. Processing and
result of special process shall be recorded
and maintained to verify the work quality.
17 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
5.3.2. Heat Treatment of flame-cut edges

for carbon steel is not required when the
edges are dressed back in accordance
with para. 4.3.5. B where dressing back
proves to be impossible, then such
undressed or partly dressed edges shall
be stress relieved before welding.
5.3.3. Preheating - Piping Fabrication

A. When the welding procedure does not

include pre-heating and the ambient
conditions are such that the metal
temperature of the parts to be welded are
below 4°C, the surface in a zone extending
15 mm each side of the joint is to be heated
to 20°C "Handwarm" before welding
commences.
B. Preheating shall be carried out in

accordance with ASME B31.3 unless para.
5.3.4. A applies.
C. In addition to the requirements of

ASME B31.3, when rutile and cellulosic
electrodes are used, then preheat shall be
applied on wall thicknesses of 20 mm
(3/4") and above.
5.3.4. Normalizing
Normalizing shall be carried out as follows:
Temperature
920°C/950°C
Time/Inch of Thickness 1 Hour
Minimum soaking time 1/2

Hour
18 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
Cooling shall be uniform at a rate less

than 250°Cper hour down to 300°C,
thereafter cool in still air.
5.3.5. Stress Relieving - Piping Fabrication

A. Irrespective of pipe wall thickness,

PWHT shall be performed on all type
joints butt, socket, etc, for piping classes
A2T3MR, AUT3P, B2T3MR, B2T6MR,
D2T3MR, A2D2, B2D2V, BCDX, D2D2V,
for other piping classes PWHT shall be
carried out in accordance with ASME
B31.3.
B. After completion of final P.W.H.T.

hardness test shall be performed in
accordance with ASME B31.3. One test is
required in the weld and one test is
required in the heat affected zone (HAZ).
C. Welds produced in austenitic stainless

steel shall not require stress relief, unless
this is specifically called for in the
drawings or pipeline specifications.
5.3.6. Temperature Measurement
Temperature measurement shall be in

accordance with ASME B31.3.
5.3.7. A record of the time/temperature for

normalising and stress relief must be kept.
6. MIXED METAL WELDS - Piping

6.1. CARBON AND AUSTENITIC

STAINLESS STEELS - Piping Fabrication
19 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
6.1.1. Where welds are to be produced

between carbon steels and austenitic
stainless steels, the weld procedures, welding
techniques etc., shall be those appropriate to
the austenitic stainless steel.
6.1.2. Electrodes and filler wire shall be

ER 309, E309, or ER NiCr3, ENiCr Fe3
the choice depending on service
conditions. Any heat treatment required
shall be that appropriate to the grade and
thickness of carbon steel involved. The
welding procedure proposed shall be
approved in writing by Consultant.
6.2. LOW ALLOY (CHROME

MOLYBDENUM, ETC.) AND CARBON
STEELS

between low alloy steels and carbon steels,
the above procedures, electrodes, filler wires,
welding technique and heat treatment etc.,
shall be appropriate to the grade and
thickness of the low alloy steel involved.
Electrodes must be of the basic type.
6.3. DIFFERENT GRADES OF

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS
Specification
Where welds are to be produced between

differing grades of stainless steels, the
weld procedures, electrodes, filler wires,
welding techniques, etc., shall be those
required by the higher grade of material.
6.4. LOW ALLOY (CHROMIUM

MOLYBDENUM ETC.) AND AUSTENITIC
STAINLESS STEEL - Piping Fabrication
20 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm

between low alloy steels and austenitic
stainless steels, the weld procedures,
welding techniques, etc., shall be those
appropriate to the austenitic stainless
steel.
6.4.2. Electrodes and filler wires shall in

general be of higher alloy content than the
austenitic stainless steel. Any heat
treatment required shall be that
appropriate to the grade and thickness of
low alloy steel involved.
7. MATERIALS - Piping Fabrication

7.1. ELECTRODES AND FILLER

WIRES
7.1.1. For Carbon Steel Pipes
A. All electrode and filler wires shall comply

with AWS A5.1, AWS A5.2 and AWS A5.18.
B. Electrodes to be used for general butt

welding of low carbon steel pipes will be as
follows:
1) Pipe wall thickness up to 19 mm (0.75")

use cellulosic electrodes E6010 and E7018.
2) Pipe wall thickness 19mm (0.75") and

above and special carbon steel (for low
temperature or high carbon content),
ER70S-3 & basic electrodes E7018.
7.1.2. For Austenitic Stainless Steel

Pipes

with AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.9.
21 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
B. Electrodes to be used for general butt

welding of austenitic stainless steel will be
rutile type EXXX-16.
7.1.3. For Alloy Steel Pipes

with AWS A5.4 and AWS A5.5.
B. Welding electrodes to be used for general

butt welding of alloy steel piping shall be as
follows:
PIPE ELECTRODE ASTM SPECIFICATION

A335 AWS-ASTM CLASSIFICATION Grade
P9, 9%Cr-1% Mo Grade P7, 7%Cr-1/2% Mo
Grade P5, 5%Cr-1/2% Mo Grade P22,
2-1/4%Cr-1% Mo Grade P11, 1-1/4%Cr-1/2%
Mo Grade P12, 1%Cr-2% Mo E 505-15 E
7Cr-15 E 502-15 E9018-B3 E8018-B2 E8018-
B2
7.1.4. For Carbon-Molybdenum

Alloy-Steel Pipes

with AWS A5.5.
B. Welding electrode shall be 7018 A1.
7.1.5. Welding Dissimilar Metals
A. The dissimilar metal welds should be

avoided whenever possible, using instead
some mechanical joint such as a thread or
flanged connection.
B. There are innumerable combination of

dissimilar alloys which could be jointed, and
most of these combinations are special cases
which must be handled on an individual
basis, with the welding procedure
22 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
depending on the intended use.
C. The composition of the joining metal must

be compatible with both alloys, or a buffer
layer must be placed between them.
D. If high temperatures are involved,

particularly if cycle, the coefficients of thermal
expansion of the parent metals and diluted
weld metal must be considered.
E. If hardenable alloys are involved,

consideration must be given to eliminating
hard areas and brittle areas, or to restoring
strength, hardness and toughness,
depending on whether or not the design
requires a high strength member.
F. If corrosion is involved, galvanic attack

and resistance to process corrodents must be
taken into account.
G. Mechanical, formability and other

fabrication operations may require special
consideration.
H. Welding electrodes shall be in

accordance with Specification XXX.
7.1.6. The particular brands of electrodes

and wires chosen shall be approved in writing
by the engineer before use.
7.1.7. Storage of electrodes and other

welding materials shall be in accordance
with the vendor's instructions.
7.1.8. Refer to following specification for

complete list of electrodes and filler
materials.
7.2. GRINDING WHEELS - Piping
23 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
7.2.1. For Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
A. Grinding shall be carried out using resin

bonded alumina or silicon carbide grinding
wheels. Rubber bonded wheels or wheels
containing sulphur shall not be used.
A. Wheels previously used on ferritic

steels shall not be used on the carbon
steels.
7.3. WIRE BRUSHES - Piping

All wire brushes used on austenitic stainless

steel pipes shall be of stainless steel.
8. INSPECTION AND TEST - Piping

Inspection shall be in accordance with

ASME B31.3 and the following inspection
requirements.
8.1. PROCEDURE AND RECORD

Specification
8.1.1. Inspection and test procedure/plan

shall be prepared and approved prior to
inspection activity.
8.1.2. Result of inspection and test shall

be recorded and maintained to verify the
quality of items and activities.
8.2. RADIOGRAPHY
Radiography shall be applied in accordance

with Inspection & Test of Piping Construction
24 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
8.3. VISUAL EXAMINATION
Visual examination shall be carried out in

accordance with Inspection & Test of Piping
Construction
8.4. PRESSURE TEST
8.4.1. Pressure testing shall be carried out in

accordance with ASME B31.3 and Pressure
Test of Piping System
8.4.2. Extent of pressure testing shall be

indicated on the line list.
8.4.3. Pressure testing shall be hydrostatic

unless otherwise stated.
8.4.4. Shop testing of finished fabricated

piping is not required unless specified.
8.4.5. Where site hydraulic testing is to be

avoided, all shop fabricated piping, including
make-up lengths and lengths with loose
flanges, shall be shop tested hydraulically.
Provision shall be made by the fabricator for
closing the open ends of pipe for this test.
Where this procedure is required, it will be
specified on the drawings and pipeline
specifications.
8.4.6. All pressure testing shall be carried out

after the application of any specified heat
treatment.
8.4.7. For austenitic stainless steel pipelines,

hydrostatic tests shall be carried out using
clean water unless other fluids are specified
on the drawings or pipeline specifications.
Particular attention must be paid to using
potable water. Chlorine content of less than
50 PPM should be used wherever possible,
25 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
water having a chlorine content above 100

ppm should not be used in any
circumstances, and where it is necessary to
use water within a range of 50-100 ppm, lines
shall be flushed with a chlorine-free liquid with
a short period of testing.
9. CLEANING - Piping Fabrication and

9.1 All bores of all fabricated piping shall

be free from all sand, scale, weld spatter
etc. refer also to para. 5.2.7 and 5.2.8.
9.2. If special cleaning is required, this will be

the subject of a special specification.
9.3. The cleaning of austenitic stainless

steel pipe surfaces prior to welding shall
not involve the use of hydrochloric acid,
chlorine compounds, or water with a
chloride content in excess of 50 ppm.
10. PROTECTION AND PACKING
10.1. DRAINING OF BORES - After

hydrostatic testing and cleaning, where
specified, the bores of pipes shall be
thoroughly drained and the ends
immediately sealed in accordance with
para. 10.2.
10.2. PROTECTION - Piping

10.2.1. Pipe-ends and flange faces shall

be properly protected against the ingress
of dirt, mechanical damage and
atmospheric corrosion. The term
"pipe-end" shall include any weld
preparation. The protection applied shall
not be capable of passing into the bore of
26 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
the pipe.
10.2.2. Threaded connections shall be

fitted with a line class plug or covered
with a plastic sheet securely wired or
taped to the spool.
10.2.3. Socket weld connections shall be

fitted with taped polyethylene plugs or
plastic sheet securely wired or taped to
the spool.
11. ERECTION - Piping Fabrication

11.1. VALVES
Valves equipped with chain wheels shall have

the stems arranged so that chains do not fall
on equipment. Hooks shall be provided to
hold chains clear of operating areas. Chain
wheels will be shown on the piping drawings.
Install valves so that the stems are not below
a horizontal position. Orient all valves so that
the hand wheels do not obstruct
passageways.
11.2. FLANGED JOINTS - Piping

Protect all flange faces from damage. Take

care not to mar the faces of the flanges. Bring
all flanged joints up flush so that the entire
flange face bears uniformly on the gasket, and
then take up with uniform bolt tension. In
bolting joints with spiral wound gaskets, the
gasket shall be compressed until the raised
faces of the flanges uniformly contact the
compression gauge ring.
11.3. FLANGED OR BUTT WELDED

EQUIPMENT CONNECTION
27 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
A flange cover shall be kept on all flanged

connections to pumps, compressors, turbines,
and similar equipment until ready to connect
the piping. Piping connecting to mechanical
equipment, such as pumps, turbines, and
compressors shall be fitted-up in close
parallel and lateral alignment, prior to
tightening the bolting or welding the joints.
The installation shall be approved by the
inspector prior to tightening the bolting.
Carbon steel piping that has not required
post-weld heat treatment may be heated for
minor corrections in fit. The temperature shall
not exceed 660℃ Cooling of the pipe shall not
be accelerated by the application of water.
The inspector shall be notified when heating
for fit-up is required.
11.4. RESTRICTIONS - Piping

All restrictions which would interfere with

filling, venting, draining, or flushing shall not
be installed until after completion of the
pressure test and line flushing operations.
This includes orifice plates, flow nozzles,
venturis, rotameters, PD meters, turbine
meters, magnetic meters, strainer screens,
and similar in-the-line equipment.
11.5. TEMPORARY GASKETS - Piping

Protect gaskets from damage until final

installation is complete. When temporary
make up at flanged joints is required in piping
systems using special gaskets, make up the
joint with a less expensive sheet gasket and
save the special gasket for the final
installation.
11.6. PIPE SUPPORTS - Piping
28 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
All field supports shall be installed in

accordance with the standard drawings. If the
field supports are not installed or are
unavailable when the piping is erected, use
temporary blocking or other adequate means
of support until the field supports can be
installed. Careful consideration must be given
to the support of 2-inch and smaller piping to
prevent excessive deflection.
11.7. EXPANSION JOINTS - Piping

Check the expansion joint specification for

special instructions. Corrugated expansion
joints shall be installed with length extended
or compressed for the ambient temperature
condition at erection, depending on
anticipated direction and magnitude of
movement after the line reaches the operating
temperature. Make a final check to see that
shipping ties have been removed after line
tests and that any preset that may be
specified has been accounted for.
11.8. TEMPORARY STRAINERS

Specification
Temporary suction strainers shall be installed

at the suction nozzles of all pumps and
compressors before pipeline flushing. They
shall be located between the suction block
valve and the equipment.
11.9. SPRING HANGERS - Piping

The variable and constant support type spring

hangers are preset, for the cold condition, in
29 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
the factory. The gags and shipping spacers

should be removed until after hydrostatic
testing of the line has been completed.
Any dimensional adjustments that have to be

made to the load flange on the
compression-type springs, or to the rod
assembly on suspended-type springs, should
be made before the gags are removed. Once
the spring is unblocked it is very difficult to
make any adjustments.
11.10. PLATFORM HOLES - Piping

Platform holes for piping have been sized for

pipe or insulation outside diameter plus
approximately 25mm clearance. Field welds
are necessary for the installation of flanged
pipespools unless the platform supports are
intended to be clear of piping, the field shall
add or relocate any structural supports and
stiffeners required because of holes made for
piping.
11.11. THREADED CONNECTIONS

Specification
All pipe threads shall be taper-pipe threads in

accordance with ASME B1.20.1 without
exception. Teflon tape shall be used for all
threaded joints where the design temperature
in 205°C or below.
Return from Piping Fabrication and Erection

Specification to Industrial Inspection
Return from Piping Fabrication and Erection

Specification to Inspection for Industry Home
30 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm
Did you find this article useful? Click

on below Like and G+1 buttons!
Like 2.3K
New! Comments
Have your say about what you just read!
Leave me a comment in the box below.
Share on Facebook Twitter
inspection-for-industry.com
Copyright © 2012-2013 Inspection-for-Industry.Com
31 of 31 20/11/2020, 5:09 pm

Inspection 4 Industry LLC: General

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Inspection 4 Industry LLC: General

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Inspection 4 Industry LLC: General

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Piping Fabrication and Erection Specification https://www.inspection-for-industry.com/piping-fabrication-and-erecti...

Home General Fix Equipment Rotary Equipment

E & I Equipment I4I Academy Services Get in Touch

Did you find this Piping Fabrication and Erection Follow on

Piping Fabrication and Erection

This specification covers the minimum

fabrication include cutting, threading,

Administration of material certificates,

1.1. Where this specification and the

1.2. CODES AND STANDARDS

SpecificationStandards referred to in this

Unified Inch Screw Threads

Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS

Through NPS 24”

Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt welding

Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and

Butt Welding Ends

Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

Welded and seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

Stainless Steel Pipe

Wrought Stainless Steel Butt Welding

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

1.3. RELATED ENGINEERING &

The following specifications are applied as

B. Construction Work for

C. Pressure Test of Piping System

D. Cleaning for Pipe Lines

E. Welding Procedure for

F. Welder Qualification Test

G. Inspection & Test of Piping

H. Piping hanging & support

J. Marking & Color Coding

2.1. DIVISION OF WORK

All piping will be fabricated by a field

2.2. PIPE SPOOL DEFINITION

The word pipespool, as used in this

shop and conveyed to the construction

2.3. PIPE SPOOL INDEX

All pipespools to be constructed by the

The index will show for each pipespool the

3.1. PIPESPOOL INDEX

All pipelines are identified with the line

3.2. EXTENT OF PIPESPOOLS

Where field installed material connects to

field butt weld, first field socket weld, first

Here, "S" means shop fabricated, "F"

3.3. ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS - Piping

Consultant will provide the isometric drawings

Drawing symbols used on the piping

"FW" A field weld is the joining of two

"FU" A fit-up weld is a field weld that

"DW" A dummy weld is a weld

3.5. FIELD WELDS

The Construction contractor shall locate on

Unless otherwise specify all dimensions

Whenever an overall dimension does not