f Organizational Leadership At the end of this Chapter, you should be able to’ explain what organizational leadership is; distinguish between leadership and management; describe different organizational leadership styles; explain what situational leadership, servant leadership are; and discuss how to sustain change in an organization. a Qo 6°) Expected of professional teachers who care for and embark on continuing professional development is a promotion along the way. With this in mind, this course wont be complete without a discussion of an effective leader and manager for which you will be in the future. But should you refuse offer for a managerial or leadership pésition in school or in the bigger educational organization because of the love for teaching and learners, this lesson on organizational leadership wont be laid to waste because even as teacher you are ready a leader and a manager. You are a teacher and a class or classroom manager. (jc “Present or draw an object that symbolizes a leader of an organization. Explain your symbol of leadership. 83eaters ‘The Teacher and he Community, Schoo! Cure and Organizations Lead «GQ ‘Analysis - Let's Analyze Based on the symbols and drawings presented: 1. Who is an organizational leader? 2. What do organizational leaders do? 3. What qualties do they possess? @ DEE Organizational Leadership In organizational leadership, leaders help set strategic goals for the organization while motivating individuals within the organization to successfully carry out assignments in order to realize those goals. In the school setting, the school leader helps set the goals/targets for the school and motivates teachers, parents, learners, non-teaching personnel and other members of the community to do their task to realize the school goals. Organizational leadership works towards what is best for individual members and what is best for the organization as a group at the same time, Organizational leadership does not sacrifice the individual members for the sake of the people nor sacrifice the welfare of the group for the sake of individual members. Both individual and group are necessary. Organizational leadership is also an attitude and a work ethic that empowers an individual in any role to lead from the top, middle, or bottom of an organization. Applied to the school setting, the school leader helps anyone from the organization not necessarily from the top to lead others. An example of this leadership which does not necessarily come from the top of the organization is teacher leadership. P Leadership Versus Management Are leadership and management synonyr manager or is a manager a leader? If T am a. good : it follow that Iam alsoa good manager? Or if | a, ae ho ee am at the same time a good leader? Not necessarily 4 MAMAS mous? Is a leader @Chapter 8 ~ Organizational Leadership School Head Must be Both a Leader and a Manager Aschool head must be both a leader and a manager. Study the Figure below. A school head leads the school and community to formulate the vision, mission, goals, and school improvement plan. This is a leadership function, S/he sees to it that this plan gets well implemented on time and so ensures that the resources needed are there, the persons to do the job are qualified and available. This is a management function. Imagine if the school head is only a leader. You have the vision, mission, goals and school plan but no implementation. The plan is good only in paper. If you do the task of a manager only, you will be focusing on the details of the day-of-day implementation without the big picture, the vision and mission. So it big picture for connect and meaning. This means that it is best that a school leader is both a leader and a manager. Table 3. Comparison of Manager and Leader FT " See | Pe ndahaied Managers Leaders ‘Administer Innovate Their process is transactional; meet | Their process is transformational: objectives and delegate tasks. develop a vision and find a way forward. Work Focused People Focused The goal is to get things done. | The goals include both people and ‘They are skied a allocating work, | results. They care about you and want you to succeed. Have Subordinates Have Followers They create circles of power and | They create circles of influence and lead by authority. lead by inspiring Do Things Right Do the Right Thing Managers enact the existing culture | Leaders shape the culture and drive and maintain status quo. integrity ‘Souree: Dubrin, Andrew E. (2006) Essentials of management, Mason, OH 45040 USA Types of Skills Demanded of Leaders Leaders use 3 broad types of skills: 1) technical, 2) human and 3) conceptual. Technical skills refers to any type of process or technique like sending e-mail, preparing a power point presentation. Human skill is the ability to work effectively with people and to build teamwork. This is also referred to as people skills or soft skills.‘The Teacher and the Community, School Culture and Organizational Leadership Conceptual skill is the ability to think in terms of models, frameworks and broad relationships such as long range plans. In short, conceptual skills deal with ideas while human skill concemns relationship with people and technical skills involves psychomotor skills and things. The ideal school leader possesses all three. Leadership styles Here are leadership styles: Autocratic consultative democratic _—_—laissez faire ‘Autocratic leaders do decision making by themselves. Consultative leaders allow participation of the members of the organization by consulting them but make the decision themselves. This is what happens in consultation meetings called by schools when they increase tuition fees. Sometimes education stakeholders get disappointed that their suggestions are not carried after school leaders have consulted them. They do not understand that consultation does not necessarily mean approval of stakeholders suggestions. Democratic leaders allow the members of the organization to fully participate in decision making. Decisions are arrived at by way of consensus. This is genuine participation of the members of the organization which is in keeping with school empowerment. In laissez faire or free-rein leadership style, leaders avoid responsibility and leave the members of the organization to establish their own work. This leadership style leads to the kanya-kanya mentality, one weaknesses of the Filipino character. There will be n0 problem if the situation is deal, ie. each member of the organization has reached a level of maturity and’ so if members are left to themselves they will do only what is good for the organization. On the other hand, it will be chaos If each member will do as he/she please even if it is against the common good. Which leadership styles are participative? The consultative and democratic leadership style are the only ones that allow for participation of the members of the organization. Between the consultative and democratic styles of leadership, the democratic style is genuinely participative because it abides by the rule of the majority The Situational Leadership Model In situational leadership, effective leaders adapt their leadershi? style to the situation of the members of the organization,.e., t°CChaptr 8 Organizational Leadership 87 readiness and willingness of group members. Paul Hersey and H, Blanchard (1996) characterized leadership style in terms the amount of task behavior and relationship behavior that the Provides to their followers: They categorized all leadership to four behavior styles, which they named §1 to S4, $3 84 Tolling /Coaching [Participating / Supporting, _Delegating Individuals are more | Individuals are Individuals are ‘ble todo the task; | experienced and able | experienced at the however, they are | todo the task butlack | task, and comfortable ]demotvated fortis the confidence or tne | with their own abilty job or task. Unwiting | wilingness to take on | todo it wel. They are to do the task, responsibilty. able and wiling to not ‘only do the task, but to take responsibilty for the task. group member is able, willing and confident (high | , the leader uses a delegating leadership style The leader esponsibility for decisions and implementation to (On the other hand, if the group members have low unable and unwilling, the leader resort to telling the ‘what to do, ‘competent members of the organization require less than less competent members. Less competent specific direction than more competent people. tation ofthe Situational Leadership Model, vsit leadership styles, no one style is considered best for e all the time. Effective leaders need to be flexible, and Ives according to the situation, the readiness and bers of the organization. (1977) coined the paradoxical term servant- ‘one be a leader when he/she is servant? That's , But the paradox is Greenleafis deliberate and smphasizing the qualities of a servant leader. He with the natural feeling that one ‘conscious choice brings one to aspire to is: do those served grow as persons: do“The Teacher and the Community, Schoo! Cute and Organizational LeadersP they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more aan re tkely themselves to. Become Semants? ‘And, what is the effect on the least privileged in society: will they benefit, or, af least, not be further deprived? (Greenleaf, 1977/2002, p. 27) ‘The first desire of the servant leader is to serve. How? By leading. The greatest teacher of humankind, Jesus Christ, was a servant - leader. He taught his disciples “he who wants to great must be the servant of all’. The life of the Greatest ‘Teacher was a life of total service to all. We often hear the term ‘public servants” to refer to appointed and elected officials of the government to emphasize the fact that they indeed are servants of the people. Their first duty is to serve and in serving, they lead. They don't think of their power as leaders first. If they do, they tend to become ‘more conscious of their importance felt over their conscious of their power over their constituents arid tend to impose that power or make their importance felt over their constituents ‘and forget that if ever they are given power it is to serve their people. Someone said “power corrupts’. And i need it does, when leaders think first of their power and forget the very reason why such power was given, ie. to serve. The greatest teacher said «... and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave.” (Matthew 20:27) “The greatest among you shall be your servant.” (Matthew 1) “If anyone wants to be fist, he must be the last of all and the servant of all” (Mark 9:35) “You know how the pagan rulers make their powers felt. But it shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be (Mark 10:43) your servant. 2% Hiis whole life was a life of service. In fact, he wanted to impress this idea of servant leadership by doing something dramatic in his last days on earth. He washed the feet of his. apostles. Washing # spo ing the feet was the work of a servant in his He wanted to etch in the memories of his apostles the idea that leaders are supposed to be cootmacen, : , ‘supposed to be servants of all. Tt ert Servant leadership seeks to involve others in decisionChapter 8 - Organizational Leadership is strongly based in ethical and caring behavior, and ea the growth of workers while improving the caring <3 ‘quality of organizational life. The school head who acts as a servant leader forever Femembers that he/she is there to serve his/her teachers, the Kennedy id: “Some men see things as they are, why. I dream of things that never were, and ask why not.” dream of things that never were and ask “why not” are tional leaders. The transformational leader is not ‘status qou and sees the need to transform the way the thinks, relates and does things. The transformational ‘sees school culture as it could be and should be, s and so plays his/her role as visionary, engager, learner, and instructional leader. As a transformational leader ‘Positive changes in the organization by collaboratively ‘vision for the organization and mobilizing members to ‘leadership and intellectual stimulation to introduce transformation of the organization. to transform, the innovations introduced by leader must be institutional and sustained. n is simply a passing fad that loses its flavor that an innovation introduced has transformed ‘that the result or effect of that change persists or the transformative leader is gone or is transferred for gets promoted in the organization. comfortable with our old pair or shoes. We like zones and so sometimes we dont welcome ‘want improvement in the way we do things in ‘school or if we want to improve in life we The transformational leader ought to deal to succeed. There will always be resisters tthe innovation he/she introduces leads to tion, Morato of Bayan ABS - CBN, the stakeholders - The leaders must build ‘of allies in order to push for any meaningful‘The Teacher anne Communi, Seo! Cue and rants Lenders poe Et os ila results. Innovations cannot be for upon the teachers Fr codents, the parents, the community without serious consequences.” 2. get people involved ‘earty and often - Resistance drops off in Proportion to the involvement of putea are nay okt ‘expect 100. sent si yt from any indivic = ‘ot Personally involved ina ehange tat affected his/her wor. is best to set up networks to reach out to as many people as possible. 3. plan a communications campaign to “sell” the innovation ~-Morata (2011) asserts: “The change envisioned must cascade downwards to the last lesson plan and ripple sidewards to win the support of major stakeholders”. 4.ensure that the innovation is understood by all - The benefits and costs must be appreciated and weighed carefully. S.consider timing and phasing - These are highly critical, missteps might backfire and lack of sensitivity to stakeholders might lead to resistance. Morato described the successful innovations in several schools innovations in the Philippines. Refer to CIE 1. Based on this lesson and by means of an acrostic, give qualities or specific behaviors of good leaders. See example. p= E- re D- E- R- 8 - Servant. He is servant first before a leader, 2. You are assigned as a school head in a low-performing school Students are poorly motivated, parents and community are not very cooperative, and teacher have low morale. As a leaden, what should you do? Outline your steps f 3, You are introducing an innovation in school, Sociological, Filipinos are known for the “ningas-cogon” mentality. page this mentality alect school innovation? As a leader, how sill you counteract it? y 4, Two of your teachers are doing very well. Four strongly resist Continuing Professional Development. Two are ahee’e, wereChaptor 8 - Organizational Leadershio and are simply waiting to retire. To make your school perform, AS @ school head, what moves will you take? Explain. 5. Here are various methods that leaders employ: ie * Model the way. Set the example. : * Share your vision. Enlist others. * Challenge the process. Look for ways to grow. * Enable others to act. Empower others. * Set goals. * Build trust. * Give the direction. + Encourage the heart. Give positive reinforcement. the leadership style employed in each method. Explain | answer. | Bee eadership is also an attitude and work ethic that empowers any role to lead from the top, middle, or bottom of an Teadership styles - from autocratic, consultative, faire (free rein) style. hip style is the most participative. Decisions are ;. Consultative style is also participative because ‘of the organization but the leader decides. Autocratic Teadership. The members of the organization do = making. In the laissez faire leadership style, with the members of the organization who are p, it fs most important that the leader sees himself/ ist before he/she is a leader.“The Teacher and the Community, Schoo! Culture and Organizational (Oma Direction: Write’T ifthe statement is true and F ifitis false, underline the word or words that make the sentence false and supply the correct word/s to make statement true. 1. Leadership is interchangeable with management because they mean the same 2. Aleader cannot be a manager and manager at the same time time. In the laissez faire leadership style, the leader fully interferes in the decision-making of his/her followers, 4. In the consultative style of leadership, members of the fay of consensus. cannot bea leader organization arrive at a decision by we 5, In the democratic style of leadership, the members of the organization are consulted in decision making 6. The autocratic leader consults his/her followers. 7. A transformational leader is content with status quo. 8, In situational leadership, if followers are “unwilling and unable” to do the job, leader must resort to delegating, 9. In situational leadership, if followers are “willing and able” to do the job, leader must resort to telling. 10.Tranformational leadership is focused on innovations. 11. Innovations when relevant do not need to be sustained. es What kind ofa leader am I? What should I do to become an effective leader? ©} Taking it to the Net 1.What is meant by CQI? What is Kaizen? H to transformational leadership? shina