HAZOP

Ver 06

Jean Louis Vidal

For the benefit of business and people

content
1 INTRODUCTION
2 PRINCIPLES
3 HAZOP ANALYSIS

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> INTRODUCTION

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1 INTRODUCTION

HAZOP ( HAZard and OPerability) deals with

the identification of potential deviations,
examination of possible causes and
assessment of their consequences

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1 INTRODUCTION

HAZOP is a creative process to examine the

ways in witch hazards and deviation might
arise

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1 INTRODUCTION

To avoid missing HAZOP is done in a

systematic way
Each type of hazard and each line shall be
considered in turn

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1 INTRODUCTION

To identify potential deviation we use a series

of guide word

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1 INTRODUCTION

HAZOP considers system parts individually, serious hazard

might happen by interaction between different parts of the
system

in this case fault tree analyses is more suitable

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2
> PRINCIPLES

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 PRINCIPLES

A HAZOP study is carried for a define phase

loading
unloading
cleaning
idleness production

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2 PRINCIPLES Basic steps of HAZOP

DEFINITION
•scope and objectives
•responsibility
•team

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2 PRINCIPLES Basic steps of HAZOP

PREPARATION
•plan and data
•recording
•schedule

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2 PRINCIPLES Basic steps of HAZOP

EXAMINATION
•division of system
•design intent
•study of deviation
•causes
•consequences
•Protection, detection
•is a significant problem exists?
•action required

Repeat for each element

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2 PRINCIPLES Basic steps of HAZOP

DOCUMENTATION
•record
•production of report
•follow up that action are implemented
•restudy if necessary
•final report

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2 PRINCIPLES

HAZOP is a preventive method,during design

we identify the hazard and decide what to do
about them

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2 PRINCIPLES
PREPARATION

during the design the team should include:

- design engineer
- process engineer,
- instrument design engineer
- material expert
- independent chairman

six or seven people are enough

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2 PRINCIPLES
PREPARATION

during operation the team should include:

- plant engineer (maintenance)

- process engineer,
- instrument manager
- material expert
- independent chairman

six or seven people are enough

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2 PRINCIPLES PREPARATION

the preparation shall include :

- schema,
- diagram,

environment shall be considered.

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 PRINCIPLES DESIGN PRESENTATION

An accurate and complete design

representation
of the system is a prerequisites to the
examination

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PRINCIPLES

a) function of each parts :

- principal function
- secondary function

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2 PRINCIPLES

b) structure of process :

- Different equipment , aim and characteristic

- liaison between equipment
- physical implantation of equipment

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2 PRINCIPLE

c) working

- state of working,
- general condition of working
- modification of configuration.

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2 PRINCIPLES

d) running condition :

- indicator of deviation, protection

- maintenance
- operating instruction

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2 PRINCIPLES

e) the environment of process :

- utilities
- operating procedure,
- the environment (dust, moisture),
- meteorological conditions
- natural aggressions (earthquake) or industrial
(accident ).

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2 PRINCIPLES DEFINITIONS

design intent

designer’s desired, or specified range of behaviour for

elements and characteristics

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2 PRINCIPLES DEFINITIONS

deviation

departure for the design intent

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 PRINCIPLES DEFINITIONS

Guide word

word or phrase which expresses and defines a specific

type of deviation from element’s design intent

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 PRINCIPLES DEFINITIONS

harm

physical injury or damage to the health of people or

damage to property or the environment

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 PRINCIPLES DEFINITIONS

risk

combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and

the severity of that harm

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> HAZOP ANALYSIS

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS GUIDE WORD

GUIDE WORD

The aim of the guide word is to:

focus the study

maximising the chance of study completeness

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS GUIDE WORD

NEGATIVE

NONE , NO no forward flow; no flow, no reverse flow

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS
GUIDE WORD

QUANTITATIVE

MORE OF more of any relevant physical

property ( flow, temperature, pressure, etc)

LESS OF Less of any relevant physical

property ( flow, temperature, pressure, etc)

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS GUIDE WORD

QUALITATIVE

MORE THAN more components present

(extra phase, impurities)

PART OF some of the intention is achieved

(composition different, ratio of components,
component missing)

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS GUIDE WORD

SUBSTITUTION

REVERSE reverse flow, reverse chemical reaction

OTHER other result ( component, process)

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS GUIDE WORD

EXEMPLE: no flow

could there be no flow?

If so how could it arise?
What is the consequence?
how will the operators know that there is no flow?
Are the consequence hazardous?
If so can we prevent no flow?
If so does the size of the hazard or problem justify the
extra expensive?

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS EXAMINATION

The analysis should be structured and follow a sequence

Two types of sequence may be chose

Element first
Guide word first

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS EXAMINATION

Element first
Select an element

Select a guide word

Apply the GW on element

yes
no Is deviation credible?
no
no INVESTIGATE

Have all GW applied to the selected element

yes

Have all elements been examined ?

yes

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2 HAZOP ANALYSIS EXAMINATION

Guide word first

Select a guide word

Select an element

Apply the GW on element

no yes
no Is deviation credible?

no INVESTIGATE

Have the selected GW apply to all elements ?

yes

Have all GW applied

yes

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3 HAZOP ANALYSIS

If necessary
We can analyse the probabilities of
an accident and the extent of the
consequences

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3 HAZOP ANALYSIS SEVERITY

the severity take into account

•loss of production
•damage to the equipment
•damage to the environment
•damage to the health of people

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 3 HAZOP ANALYSIS SEVERITY

severity
level name Definition

1 minor failing not damaging the good functioning of a

system, unimportant damage to the system or
to its environment

2 average failing which harms in the good functioning

of a system without talking however of
considerable damage

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 3 HAZOP ANALYSIS SEVERITY

3 Critique failing which pulls the loss of one essential f

unction or cause its important damage or to its
environment, unimportant risk of dead or of
hurt

4 Catastrophic failing which causes the loss of essential

function, important damage to the system or to
its environment , physical injury

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 3 HAZOP ANALYSIS PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY

1 practically non existent

no failing was observed

2 Possible
a occasional failing seemed

3 frequent
the experience shows that there were many
problems

4 repetitive
there were always repetitive failing
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3 HAZOP ANALYSIS PROBABILITY

The probability may be express in term of frequency

1 time/ 5 years
1 time/ years
1 time/ 6 month
1 time/month

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3 HAZOP ANALYSIS RISK

The risk might be define as

SxP

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3 HAZOP ANALYSIS ACTION REQUIRED

probability

unacceptable

protection

acceptable prevention

severity

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