Data Collection Report For LSS Project

Flow Rate (Kg/hr)

Acid Mixer FFA %

Flow Rate (L/hr)

CDSO Flow Rate

Caustic Dosing
P. Acid Dosing
CDSO FFA %
(m³/hr)

33.5 0.98 1.2 23 761

33.5 0.98 1.24 23.3 764
33.5 0.94 1.23 23.3 723
34 0.98 1.3 23.6 652
34 0.96 1.26 23.7 791
34 0.99 1.32 23.3 890
32 0.99 1.38 23.7 967
32 1.01 1.39 22.3 960
33.5 1.01 1.32 23.3 995
33.5 1.03 1.24 23.3 1023
28 1.03 1.28 21 811
26 1.05 1.4 20 757
25 1.01 1.4 19.5 742
25 0.93 1.14 19.2 724
30 0.95 1.11 20.7 781
25 0.98 1.31 19.2 781
25 0.99 1.28 19 707
25 0.94 1.17 19.4 675
25 0.96 1.2 19.5 674
23 0.97 1.2 18 659

CDSO Flow Rate

Interval Tallies Frequency Cumulative Frequency

22-24 I 1 1 MAX=34
24-26 IIII I / 6 7 MIN=23
26-28 I 1 8
28-30 I 1 9
30-32 I 1 10
32-34 IIII IIII // 10 20
Total 20

Bar Diagram
12 12
10
10
8
equency

8 Column C 6
4
 Bar Diagram
12 12
10
10
8

Frequency
8 Column C 6
6 4
2
4
0
2 22-24

0
22-24 24-26 26-28 28-30 30-32 32-34

Ogive Curve
25

20

15 Og

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

CDSO FFA

Interval Tallies Frequency Cumulative Frequency

92-94 I 1 1
94-96 IIII 4 5
96-98 II 2 7
98-100 IIII II / 7 14
100-102 III 3 17
102-104 II 2 19
104-106 I 1 20
Total 20

Bar Diagram
8 8
7 7

6 6
5
Frequency

5
Column C 4
4
3
3 2
 7 7

6 6
5

Frequency
5
Column C 4
4
3
3 2
2 1

1 0
92-94 94-9
0
92-94 94-96 96-98 98-100 100-102 102-104 104-106

Ogive Curve
25

20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5

Ogive Curve

Acid Mixer FFA

Interval Tallies Frequency Cumulative Frequency

110-115 II 2 2
115-120 I 1 3
120-125 IIII I / 6 9
125-130 III 3 12
130-135 IIII 4 16
135-140 IIII 4 20
Total 20

Bar Diagram
7

4 Column C

1
 6

4 Column C

0
110-115 115-120 120-125 125-130 130-135 135-140

Ogive Curve
25

20 6; 20

Cumulative Frequency
15 5
4
10
3

5
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Upper limit

P. Acid Dosing Flow Rate

Interval Tallies Frequency Cumulative Frequency

18-19 I 1 1 Max=23.7
19-20 IIIII/ 6 7 Min=18.0
20-21 II 2 9
21-22 I 1 10
22-23 I 1 11
23-24 IIIII//// 9 20
Total 20

Bar Diagram
10
9
9
8
7
6
6
5
4
3
2
2
1 1 1
1
 6
6
5
4
3
2
2
1 1 1
1
0
Frequency

18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24

Ogive Curve

2
1 1

18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22

Caustic Dosing Flow Rate

Interval Tallies Frequency Cumulative Frequency

650-700 IIII 4 4 Max=1023
700-750 IIII 4 8 Min=652
750-800 IIIII/ 6 14
800-850 I 1 15
850-900 I 1 16
900-950 0 16
950-1000 III 3 19
1000-1050 I 1 20
Total 20

Bar Diagram
7
6
6

5
4 4
4
3
3
7
6
6

5
4 4
4
3
3

2
1 1 1
1

0
Frequency

650-700 700-750 750-800 800-850

850-900 900-950 950-1000 1000-1050

Ogive CURVE

4 4

1 1

650-700 700-750 750-800 800-850 850-900

 Histogram
12
10
8
equency

6
4
 Histogram
12
10
8
Frequency

6
4
2
0
22-24 24-26 26-28 28-30 30-32 32-34
Interval

urve

Ogive Curve

5 6 7

Histogram
8
7
6
5
Frequency

4
3
2
 7
6
5
Frequency

4
3
2
1
0
92-94 94-96 96-98 98-100 100-102 102-104 104-106
Interval

Ogive Curve

3 4 5 6 7 8

Ogive Curve

Histogram
7
6
5
Frequency

4
3
2
1
0
110-115 115-120 120-125 125-130 130-135 135-140
 5

Frequency
4
3
2
1
0
110-115 115-120 120-125 125-130 130-135 135-140
Interval

ve Curve

6; 20

5
4 Ogive Curve

4 5 6 7
mit

Histogram
9

9
8
7 6

6
5
4
3 2

2 1 1 1

1
 7 6

6
5
4
3 2

2 1 1 1

1
0
Frequency

18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24

Ogive Curve

1 1

21 21-22 22-23 23-24

Histogram
6
6

5 4 4
4 3
3
 6
6

5 4 4
4 3
3

2 1 1 1
1 0
0
Frequency

650-700 700-750 750-800 800-850

850-900 900-950 950-1000 1000-1050

Ogive CURVE

1 1 1

0
800-850 850-900 900-950 950-1000 1000-1050
 Data Collection Report For LSS Project

Flow Rate (Kg/hr)

Acid Mixer FFA %
CDSO Flow Rate

Flow Rate (L/hr)

Caustic Dosing
P. Acid Dosing
CDSO FFA %
(m³/hr)

33.5 0.98 1.2 23 761

33.5 0.98 1.24 23.3 764
33.5 0.94 1.23 23.3 723
34 0.98 1.3 23.6 652
34 0.96 1.26 23.7 791
34 0.99 1.32 23.3 890
32 0.99 1.38 23.7 967
32 1.01 1.39 22.3 960
33.5 1.01 1.32 23.3 995
33.5 1.03 1.24 23.3 1023
28 1.03 1.28 21 811
26 1.05 1.4 20 757
25 1.01 1.4 19.5 742
25 0.93 1.14 19.2 724
30 0.95 1.11 20.7 781
25 0.98 1.31 19.2 781
25 0.99 1.28 19 707
25 0.94 1.17 19.4 675
25 0.96 1.2 19.5 674
23 0.97 1.2 18 659

Data Summarization

CDSO Flow Rate

Interval Mid value X Frequency f xf Cumulative Frequency x-x̄ lx-x̄l

22-24 21 1 21 1 -7.6 7.6
24-26 23 6 138 7 -5.6 5.6
26-28 25 1 25 8 -3.6 3.6
28-30 27 1 27 9 -1.6 1.6
30-32 31 1 31 10 2.4 2.4
32-34 33 10 330 20 4.4 1.4
Total 20 ∑ Xf = 572 22.2
So , Mean x̄ =572/20 = 28.6 [ as ∑ Xf/∑ f ]
Median = 32
Mode =34
As the mode of the data is greater then median and median is greater then mean
so symetric distribution =negative skewed

Measure of dispersion
Range =34-22 = 12
Mean deviation MD =5.618
variance =14.34
SD=3.78
CV %=13.21

CDSO FFA

Interval mid value X Frequency f Xf Cumulative Frequency x-x̄ lx-x̄l

92-94 93 1 93 1 -5.7 5.7
94-96 95 4 380 5 -3.7 3.7
96-98 97 2 194 7 -1.7 1.7
98-100 99 7 693 14 0.3 0.3
100-102 101 3 303 17 2.3 2.3
102-104 103 2 206 19 4.3 4.3
104-106 105 1 105 20 6.3 6.3
Total 20 1974 24.3

So , Mean x̄ =1974/20 = 98.7 [ as ∑ Xf/∑ f ]

Median =98.86
Mode =99.11

As the mode of the data is greater then median and median is greater then mean
so symetric distribution =negative skewed

Measure of dispersion
Range =106-296 = 10
Mean deviation MD =2.39
variance =9.31
SD=3.05
CV %=3.09

Acid Mixer FFA

 Interval Mid Value X Frequency f Xf Cumulative Frequency x-x̄ lx-x̄l
110-115 112.5 2 225 2 -14.5 14.5
115-120 117.5 1 117.5 3 -9.5 9.5
120-125 122.5 6 735 9 -4.5 4.5
125-130 127.5 3 382.5 12 0.5 0.5
130-135 132.5 4 530 16 5.5 5.5
135-140 137.5 4 550 20 10.5 10.5
Total 20 2540 45

So , Mean x̄ =2540/20 = 127 [ as ∑ Xf/∑ f ]

Median = 125.41
Mode = 123.125

As the mode of the data is less then median and median is then then mean
so symetric distribution =positively skewed

Measure of dispersion
Range =140-110 = 30
Mean deviation MD =2.25
variance =59.75
SD=7.72
CV %=6.07

P. Acid Dosing Flow Rate (L/hr)

Class Frequency (f) Mid Value (x) fx fc x-x̄ f lx-x̄l

Interval
18-19 1 18.5 18.5 1 -2.5 2.5
19-20 6 19.5 117 7 -1.5 9
20-21 2 20.5 41 9 -0.5 1
21-22 1 21.5 21.5 10 0.5 0.5
22-23 1 22.5 22.5 11 1.5 1.5
23-24 9 23.5 211.5 20 2.5 22.5
Total n = 20 ∑ Xf = 432 37

So, Mean or x̄= 432/20= 21.6 [ as ∑ Xf/∑ f ]

Here, Median is= 22.9
And Mode is= 23.5
Here, the mode of the data is greater then median and median is greater then mean (mode>median>mean)
So, symetric distribution is negative skewness.

Measure of dispersion
Here, data range is, 24-18= 6
Mean or x̄ is= 21
Mean Devation (MD)= 1.9
Variance is= 251.7
Standard Devation (SD)= 15.9
Coefficient Variation (CV %)= 75.71%

Caustic Dosing Flow Rate

Class Frequency (f) Mid Value (x) fx fc x-x̄ f lx-x̄l

Interval
650-700 4 675 2700 4 -175 700
700-750 4 725 2900 8 -125 600
750-800 6 775 4650 14 -75 450
800-850 1 825 825 15 -25 25
850-900 1 875 875 16 25 25
900-950 0 925 0 16 75 0
950-1000 3 975 2925 19 125 375
1000-1050 1 1025 1025 20 175 175
Total n = 20 ∑ Xf = 15900 2350

So, Mean or x̄= 15900/20= 795 [ as ∑ Xf/∑ f ]

Here, Median is = 766.7
And Mode is = 764.3
Here, the mode of the data is smaller then median and median is smaller then mean (mode<median>mean)
So, symetric distribution is positive skewness.

Measure of dispersion
Here, data range is, 1050-650= 400
Mean or x̄ is= 850
Mean Devation (MD)= 117.5
Variance is= 253437.5
Standard Devation (SD)= 503.43
Coefficient Variation (CV %)= 59.23%
f lx-x̄l (x-x̄)² f (x-x̄)²
7.6 57.76 57.76
33.6 31.36 188.16
3.6 12.96 12.96
1.6 2.56 2.56
2.4 5.76 5.76
14 1.96 19.6
62.8 112.36 286.8
f lx-x̄l (x-x̄)² f (x-x̄)²
5.7 32.49 32.49
14.8 13.69 54.76
3.4 2.89 5.78
2.1 0.09 0.63
6.9 5.29 15.87
8.6 18.49 36.98
6.3 39.69 39.69
47.8 112.63 186.2
f lx-x̄l (x-x̄)² f (x-x̄)²
29 210.25 420.5
9.5 90.25 90.25
27 20.25 121.5
1.5 0.25 0.75
22 30.25 121
42 110.25 441
131 461.5 1195

f (x-x̄)²

6.25
486
2
0.25
2.25
4556.25
5053
f (x-x̄)²

19,60,000
14,40,000
12,15,000
625
625
0
4,21,875
30,625
5068750
 Correlation and Regression

Caustic
CDSO Dosing
Flow Rate ¯𝑋 ¯𝑌 𝑋−¯𝑋 𝑌−¯𝑌
(m³/hr), X Flow Rate
(Kg/hr), Y

33.5 761 29.525 791.85 3.975 -30.85 15.80063 951.7225 -122.62875

33.5 764 29.525 791.85 3.975 -27.85 15.80063 775.6225 -110.70375
33.5 723 29.525 791.85 3.975 -68.85 15.80063 4740.323 -273.67875
34 652 29.525 791.85 4.475 -139.85 20.02563 19558.02 -625.82875
34 791 29.525 791.85 4.475 -0.85 20.02563 0.7225 -3.80375
34 890 29.525 791.85 4.475 98.15 20.02563 9633.423 439.22125
32 967 29.525 791.85 2.475 175.15 6.125625 30677.52 433.49625
32 960 29.525 791.85 2.475 168.15 6.125625 28274.42 416.17125
33.5 995 29.525 791.85 3.975 203.15 15.80063 41269.92 807.52125
33.5 1023 29.525 791.85 3.975 231.15 15.80063 53430.32 918.82125
28 811 29.525 791.85 -1.525 19.15 2.325625 366.7225 -29.20375
26 757 29.525 791.85 -3.525 -34.85 12.42563 1214.523 122.84625
25 742 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -49.85 20.47563 2485.023 225.57125
25 724 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -67.85 20.47563 4603.623 307.02125
30 781 29.525 791.85 0.475 -10.85 0.225625 117.7225 -5.15375
25 781 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -10.85 20.47563 117.7225 49.09625
25 707 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -84.85 20.47563 7199.523 383.94625
25 675 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -116.85 20.47563 13653.92 528.74625
25 674 29.525 791.85 -4.525 -117.85 20.47563 13888.62 533.27125
23 659 29.525 791.85 -6.525 -132.85 42.57563 17649.12 866.84625
331.7375 250608.6 4861.575

Since r = 0.5332 , the relationship is moderate positive correlation

The coeffcient of determination, r2 = 0.53322 = 0.2843
So, 28.43% of the variation in Caustic dosing flow rate can be explained by the variation in CDSO flow rate.

Moderate Positive Correlation

1200

1100

1000
dosing flow rate

900

800

700
 1100

1000

caustic dosing flow rate

900

800

700

600

500

400

300
20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
CDSO Flow rate

The linear regression model, Y = a + bX
Here, Dependable variable, Y = Caustic Dosing Flow rate,
and Independent variable, X = CDSO Flow rate.
The scatter diagram depicts that there is a
moderate positve correlation between the dependent
and independent variable.

So the linear regression model, Y = a + bX = 359.31+ 14.65

P. Acid
CDSO
Flow Rate dosing
FlowRate ¯𝑋 ¯𝑌 𝑋−¯𝑋 𝑌−¯𝑌
(m³/hr), X
(L/hr) Y

33.5 23 29.525 21.415 3.975 1.585 15.80063 2.512225 6.300375

33.5 23.3 29.525 21.415 3.975 1.885 15.80063 3.553225 7.492875
33.5 23.3 29.525 21.415 3.975 1.885 15.80063 3.553225 7.492875
34 23.6 29.525 21.415 4.475 2.185 20.02563 4.774225 9.777875
34 23.7 29.525 21.415 4.475 2.285 20.02563 5.221225 10.225375
34 23.3 29.525 21.415 4.475 1.885 20.02563 3.553225 8.435375
32 23.7 29.525 21.415 2.475 2.285 6.125625 5.221225 5.655375
32 22.3 29.525 21.415 2.475 0.885 6.125625 0.783225 2.190375
33.5 23.3 29.525 21.415 3.975 1.885 15.80063 3.553225 7.492875
33.5 23.3 29.525 21.415 3.975 1.885 15.80063 3.553225 7.492875
28 21 29.525 21.415 -1.525 -0.415 2.325625 0.172225 0.632875
26 20 29.525 21.415 -3.525 -1.415 12.42563 2.002225 4.987875
25 19.5 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -1.915 20.47563 3.667225 8.665375
25 19.2 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -2.215 20.47563 4.906225 10.022875
30 20.7 29.525 21.415 0.475 -0.715 0.225625 0.511225 -0.339625
25 19.2 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -2.215 20.47563 4.906225 10.022875
25 19 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -2.415 20.47563 5.832225 10.927875
25 19.4 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -2.015 20.47563 4.060225 9.117875
25 19.5 29.525 21.415 -4.525 -1.915 20.47563 3.667225 8.665375
 23 18 29.525 21.415 -6.525 -3.415 42.57563 11.66223 22.282875
29.525 21.415 331.7375 77.6655 157.5425

The coefficient of correlation, r = = 0.9815

Since r = 0.9815 , the relationship is strong positive correlation
The coeffcient of determination, r2 = (0.9815 x 0.9815) = 0.9633
So, 96.33% of the variation in P.Acid dosing flow rate can be explained by the variation in CDSO flow rate.

Strong Positive Relationship

25

20
P. Acid Dosing Flow Rate

15

10

0
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
CDSO Flow Rate

The linear regression model, Y = a + bX Here, Dependable variable, Y= P.

Acid dosing Flow Rate, and
Independent variable, X = CDSO
Where, b = 0.4749 Flow rate. The
scatter diagram depicts that there is
a positve correlation between the
So the linear regression model, Y = a + bX = 7.393+ 0.4749