APPAREL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT-1

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Sumit Kumar Avinash Anand
Asst. Prof. NIFT , Bhubaneswar
 CONTROL CHARTS
 It’s a graph which is used to study how process change over time.
 Here data is plotted in time order.
 A control chart has a central line(average), upper line and lower
line
 By comparing current data using these lines we can conclude
whether process is consistent or not.

Statistical Process Control(SPC)

 It is a method of measuring and controlling quality by monitoring
the process.
 Quality data is collected in the form of product or process
measurements.
 The data gets collected and is used to evaluate, monitor and
controlled for the process.
 By monitoring and controlling the process we can ensure that the
process operates at its full potential.
 Here all the data are obtained in real time i.e. during the process.

Types Of Control Charts:

Control Chart For Mean/Range:

When to use it:

 When we have a variable data
 When data are generated frequently
 When we want to detect small process change.
 Especially while manufacturing , where a sample of four or five
pieces may be used to represent production of several hundreds or
thousands pieces.
 Control Chart for process capability:

 Although SPC control charts can reveal whether a process is

stable, they do not indicate whether the process is capable of
producing acceptable output—and whether it is performing to
capability.

The Cp Chart

The SPC Cp measurement shows how well the Six Sigma range fits
into the specification range. This measurement is determined by
dividing the specification limit (voice of the customer) by the
control limit (voice of the process).
To calculate the Cp ratio, subtract the lower specification limit
from the upper specification limit, then divide by six units.

The Cpk Chart:

 The SPC Cpk measurement shows the relationship of the Six
Sigma spread to the specification limits. Cpk represents the lowest
value of the capability against the upper or lower specification,
showing where within the specification limits the process is
producing. To calculate the Cpk measurement, compare the
average of the data to the specification limits.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Cp and Cpk

We can use capability and performance charts to evaluate process

performance and acceptability. Before performing this type of
capability study:
 Verify that process variability is stable.
 Review individual data values on a histogram chart to verify that
the distribution of values is normal (or close to normal).
 Verify that engineering tolerances are known.
 Verify that the estimated standard deviation of the process is
known.
 Control Chart For Process Control:

 From this graph we can depict whether the process is in control or

not.
 Here ‘A’ lies between upper and lower limit that means process is
in control i.e. its stable.
 When we see ‘B’ we can see that its out of upper control limit so
the process is not in control due to some major fault.
 So with this graph we can check whether the process is in control
or not.
 Reference
1. https://www.infinityqs.com/statistical-process-
control/spc-chart-guide/process-capability-index-cp
2. https://quality-one.com/spc/
3. https://asq.org/quality-resources/control-chart
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capability