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Chapter - 5. Test On Soil PDF
Chapter - 5. Test On Soil PDF
Chapter - 5. Test On Soil PDF
CHAPTER 5
SELECTION OF SOIL
5.1 General
As per the objective, we visited the Canal site. The Canal is constructed by
contractor under supervision and guidance of government department
“SardarSarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd.”.
Site is located at near village :Bhachau. We collected the four different soil samples
to carried out the test
4. Procedure
The riffled and weighed fraction shall be spread out in the large tray or
bucket and covered with water.
Two grams of sodium hexametaphosphate per litre of water used should
then be added to the soil.
The mix should be thoroughly stirred and left for soaking.
The soaked soil specimen may be washed on the 75-micron IS Sieve until
the water passing the sieve is substantially clean.
The fraction retained on the sieve should be tipped without loss of material
in a try, dried in the oven and sieved through the nest of sieves 2mm,
425micron and 75micron either by hand.
The fraction retained on each sieve should be weighed separately and the
masses recorded.
The permissible maximum mass of sample on the 200mm diameter sieves
shall be as follows
Table -2. Sieves used for Test
IS Sieve Designation Maximum Mass of Sample g
2-mm 200
425-mm 50
75-mm 25
5. Calculation:
Table -3. Observation & Calculation
Cumulative % Passing
IS Sieve Weight
Weight Retained (cum. % finer, N)
Designation Retained g
(g)
MC = moisture content
X = penetration
The remainder of the sell specimen shall be broken up, rubbed through the
19-mm IS test sieve, and then mixed with the remainder of the original
sample, Suitable increment of water shall be added successively and mixed
into the sample, and the above procedure shall be repeated for each
increment of water added. The total number of determinations made shall
be at least five and the range of moisture content should be such that the
optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is
within that range.
5. Calculations
Bulk Density:
m = (W - Wm) / Vm
where, m = wet density of compacted soil
W = weight of mould with moist compacted soil
Wm = weight of empty mould
Vm = volume of mould
Dry Density:
d = [ m / {1+ (w / 100)}]
where, d = dry density of soil
porous stone. The loading block shall then be positioned centrally on the
top of the porous stone.
This assembly shall then be placed on the platen of the loading unit as
shown in Fig. 1. The load measuring proving ring tip attached to the load
frame shall be placed in contact with the consolidation cell without any
eccentricity. A direct strain measuring dial gauge shall be fitted to the
cell. The specimen shall be inundated with distilled water and allowed to
swell.
Detailed Procedure for the Test –
The initial reading of the proving ring shall be noted. The swelling of the
specimen with increasing volume shall be obtained in the strain
measuring load gauge. To keep the specimen at constant volume, the
platen shall be so adjusted that the dial gauge always show the original
reading.
This adjustment shall be done at every 0.1 mm of swell or earlier. The
duration of test shall conform to the requirements. The assembly shall
then be dismantled and the soil specimen extracted from the
consolidation ring to determine final moisture content in accordance with
IS : 2720 ( Part IX )-1973*.
5. Calculations
The difference between the final and initial dial readings of the proving
ring gives total load in terms of division which when multiplied by the
calibration factor gives the total load. This when divided by the cross-
sectional area of the soil specimen gives the swell pressure expressed in
kN/m2 ( kgf/cm2 ).