Name: ___________________________________________ Module: 2 Dates: July 20-24, 2020

Subject: TLE- ICT 7 Subject Teacher: Sir Kevin Alibong

Topic: Computer Hardware and Software

Learning Competencies

Explain the functions of the different components of the computer system and give
examples each.

Discovery Activity

Computer Terms

Word Scramble

Help! The school computer had its memory scrambled and we need your help to get things back in order.
Can you unscramble the computer terms and write the correct word on each line?
 Discussions

Hardware Components

Computer hardware is composed of all the physical parts of the computer.

It encompasses everything with a circuit board that operates within a PC or laptop; including the
motherboard, graphics card, CPU (Central Processing Unit), ventilation fans, webcam, power supply, and
so on.

Here are some examples of hardware components.

Processor or Microprocessor – is the heart and brain of the computer. It is a digital electronic
component placed on a single electronic circuit. The CPU is the primary component of a computer that
processes instructions

CPU – stands for Central Processing Unit. It is the part that carries out the instructions of a computer
program.

CD ROM a compact disc that stores or contains data. An abbreviation of compact disc read-only memory,
type of computer memory in the form of a compact disc that is read by optical means. A CD-ROM drive
uses a low-power laser beam to read digitized (binary) data that has been encoded in the form of tiny pits
on an optical disk.

Hard Disk – this is the main storage device of a computer. It holds all the data and information entered in
the computer. A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data
storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital data using one or more rigid rapidly
rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

Power Source- is the part of the computer that supplies or gives power or electricity to the computer. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage,
current, and frequency to power the load.
Computer Fan – a fan inside the computer that is used for cooling the parts inside the CPU. Fans are
used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and move air across a
heat sink to cool a particular component.

RAM- computer's short-term memory. It is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in
any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. None of your programs, files, or Netflix
streams would work without RAM, which is your computer's working space.

Motherboard – is the central PCB or printed circuit board in many modern computers. This is the part
where the other important boards are being mounted. The motherboard is the main circuit board of your
computer and is also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer, the biggest
piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard, you'll find the CPU, ROM,
memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports. It's called a motherboard because it is the main
circuit board in the computer, and it can be extended by plugging other circuit boards into it. These
extensions are called daughter boards. The motherboard serves as the central circuit hub that connects
all the peripherals and components of a computer. It also regulates the power received by the hard drive,
graphics card, CPU and system memory from the power supply.

Keyboard – an input device that allows you to enter letters, numbers, and symbols in a computer.

On a normal QWERTY keyboard, the word 'Typewriter' is the longest word that can be made using the
letters only on one row of the keyboard, which of course is the top row. The QWERTY Keyboard was
created by Christopher Sholes in 1868 and is now the most common type of keyboard used.

Monitor – is an output device used to display images or symbols from your computer. A computer
monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the
visual display, circuitry, casing, and power supply.

Powercord- A power cord, line cord, or mains cable is an electrical cable that temporarily connects an
appliance to the mains electricity supply via a wall socket or extension cord.

VGA- A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA
connector was provided on many video cards, computer monitors, laptop computers, projectors, and high
definition television sets.

Mouse- is a pointing device used to control the cursor on the screen. Controls Cursor—The mouse is
designed to control the movement of the cursor, or pointer, on the computer screen. It allows movement
along a surface to help move that pointer.

Headset- is a headphone combined with a microphone.

Computer Speaker- Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers sold for use with
computers, although usually capable of other audio uses, e.g. for an MP3 player.

Camera- a device that records and stores images. A webcam is a digital video device commonly built into
a computer. Its main function is to transmit pictures over the Internet.

Printer – is an output device that produces hard copies from your computer. It transfers letters, numbers,
symbols, and drawings from your computer to paper.

Scanner – is a device that optically scans images, texts, handwriting, objects and converts them into a
digital image. A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine
pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. ... Very high resolution scanners are used for
scanning for high-resolution printing, but lower resolution scanners are adequate for capturing images for
computer display.
Flash Drive- a small storage device that is used to transport files and data from one computer to another.
A device of many names, the USB flash drive is also sometimes referred to as a memory stick, keydrive,
pendrive, thumbdrive or jumpdrive.

Computer Software

A computer software or software is a set of programs that tells the computer what to do. A computer
without software is like a car without gasoline. It will not run. A software is an important component of the
computer system for it work.

Computer software are grouped according to what they do.

A. Operating System Software – This is the most important program that runs on a computer. In a
general-purpose computer, Operating System (OS) is a must in order for it to run other programs.

Examples: MS DOS, Unix Operating Systems, Windows, Macintosh, Linux.

B. Application Software – This software enables the user to do a certain, specific task. Some examples of
these are Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Powerpoint, MS Paint and Wordpad.

C. Programming Languages Software- A programming language is used to write computer programs like
operating systems, applications, games, and other important software that will be used for a specific
purpose.

Examples of programming languages are C, Java, Visual Basic, C++, JavaScript

Development Activity

Activity 1.1

A. List down other 10 examples of Computer Hardware and Computer Software aside from the list above.
Write it inside the table.

Computer Hardware Computer Software

B. Differentiate the Computer Hardware and Computer Software through the table below.

Hardware
versus
Software
Hardware Software

Assessment

I. TRUE OR FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is incorrect. Write your answer
on the lines.

_________1. Scanners can transfer files at relatively fast speeds, especially since they are not dependent
upon Internet connections.

_________2. The CPU sends signals to control the other parts of the computer, almost like how a brain
controls a body.

_________3. Your CPU, is a critical part of your computer. It has to supply the exact or near exact
voltage at the required wattage to all of the circuitry inside your computer.

_________4. Application software helps the end users perform single or multiple tasks and finds its
presence in enterprise as well as non-enterprise applications.

_________5. A Hard Disk is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware.

_________6. A motherboard is the main printed circuit board in general-purpose computers and other
expandable systems and it holds, and allows communication between, many of the crucial electronic
components of a system, such as the central processing unit and memory, and provides connectors for
other peripherals.

_________7. An application software can be used to store any data, including pictures, music, videos,
text documents, and any files created or downloaded.
_________8. Power Supply are great for saving old photos or important documents onto your computer
for posterity.

_________9. MS Office applications are part of the application software.

_________10. Programming languages are responsible for all programs that have been made; rostering
systems, virtual reality, scheduling software, online games, Uber app, anti-virus and so on.

Essay:

1. What can you say about the quote “Great Computer Hardware is only a doorstop without great
software.”

2. Do you agree with the quote, “Reading Computer manuals without the hardware is frustrating as
reading manuals without the software.”

Prepared By: Sir Kevin Alibong