THE TEACHER AND THE COMMUNITY:John Dewey (Educational Philosophy)

I. Objectives
 Familiarize who is John Dewey
 Appreciate John Dewey Educational Philosophy
 Apply John Dewey’s Approaches in Education
II. Introduction
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was
an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been
influential in education and social reform. He is regarded as one of the most prominent
American scholars in the first half of the twentieth century.As Dewey himself stated in
1888, while still at the University of Michigan, "Democracy and the one,
ultimate, ethical ideal of humanity are to my mind synonymous." Known for his
advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements—schools
and civil society—to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage
experimental intelligence and plurality.Dewey was one of the primary figures associated
with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the fathers of functional
psychology. 

III. Pre - test

1. He is known for his advocacy of “Democracy”.
A. John Locke
B. Herbert Spencer
C. John Dewey
D. George Counts

2.It is a view of education that emphasizes the need to learn by doing.

A.Pragmatism C.Pedagogy

B.Progressive Education D. Pragmatist Education

3. What theory did John Dewey contributed?
A. Social Evolution
B. Theory of Transmission
C. Self-Education
D.Progressive Education

4. John Dewey believes that "The best education involves learning through _________?
A. Doing
B. Singing
C. Playing
D. Dancing

5. What school did Dewey Graduated?

A. University of Chicago
B. University of Michigan
C. University of Vermont
D. Colombia University

6. Who is the Father of Progressive Education.

A. John Locke
B. George Counts
C. Herbert Spencer
D. John Dewey

7. In what university did Dewey formulated the idea of “Pragmatism”

A.University of Chicago
B.University of Vermont
C.University of Michigan
D. Colombia University

8. He believe that each student have its own skills and ability.
A. Albert Einstein
B. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
C. John Dewey
D. Thomas Robert Malthus

9. In what year did John Dewey Died?

A.1952
B. 1962
C. 1972
D. 1942

10. He believes that students should/must interact with their environment in order to
adapt and learn.
A. John Locke
B. George Count
C. Herbert Spencer
D. John Dewey

IV. Presentation
John Dewey: EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Dewey referred to his philosophy as instrumentalism, rather than pragmatism, though the
two are related. Instrumentalism sees the value of an idea or tool being its use as an
instrument for getting results. Bearing this in mind, learning should be relevant and
rewarding – rather than only theoretical.

Education should also equip students to take a full and active part in shaping their future
society. Traditional education, he believed, saw children as empty, passive receptacles to
be filled with ideas. This helped to support the existing order.

Progressive education, for which he – rightly or wrongly – became known, saw school as
an opportunity for children to develop as individuals and citizens. They may even be able
to find their real vocation. He wrote:

“To find out what one is fitted to do, and to secure an opportunity to do it, is the key to
happiness.”

Principles in Education

Great educators make learning real, relevant and rewarding. This tradition became well-
established in Europe by thinkers such as Pestalozzi, Froebel and, later, Montessori.

Dewey was one of the first to promote this approach in America, however, and seen as a
giant in the field. Here are some – though not all – of the principles that run through his
work.

“People can learn by participating in relevant learning experiences”

V. Evaluation
1. He advanced the hypothesis that people learn primarily from external forces.

a. Herbert Spencer c. George Counts

b. John Dewey d. John Locke

2. It is an educational approach for developing critical consciousness or critical

awareness in

the learner.

a. Dialogue c. Critical Pedagogy

b. Posing-problem education d. Banking Method

3. Social reconstructionism is founded by _______________.

a. George Counts c. John Dewey

b. Theodore Brameld d. Herbert Spencer

4. It is a view of education that emphasizes the need to learn by doing.

a. Pragmatism c. Pedagogy

b. Progressive Education d. Pragmatist Education

5. What theory did Herbert Spencer introduce?

a. Tabula Rasa c. On the Origin of Species

b. Social Evolution d. Social Reconstructionism

6. It is one of the first great defenses of modern empiricism and concerns itself with

determining the limits of human understanding in respect to a wide spectrum of topics. It

thus tells us in some detail what one can legitimately claim to know and what one

cannot.

a. Tabula Rasa

b. Empiricism

c. Essay Concerning Human Understanding

d. Some Thoughts Concerning Education

7. Teachers’ role would be as facilitator: assisting students to focus their questions

develop

strategy, help organize visit while collecting data on social problems.

a. Progressivism c. Essentialism

b. Social Reconstructionism d. Existentialism

8. In what University did John Dewey formalize PRAGMATISM?

a. University of Vermont c. University of Chicago

b. University of Michigan d. Colombia University

9. It is where students get to reflect and act current social issues/ events.

a. Internalizing b. Role playing

c. Self-reflection d. Discussion of current events

10. The presence of equality, mutual recognition, affirmation of people, a sense of

solidarity

with people.

a. Dialogue c. Posing-problem education

b. Critical Pedagogy d. Banking Method

11. An idea invented by Herbert Spencer that those who were more fit would be more
likely

to survive and succeed.

a. Social Evolution c. Theory of Transmission

b. Self-Education d. Survival of the Fittest

12. It is the theory that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that

therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception.

a. Tabula Rasa

b. Empiricism

c. Essay Concerning Human Understanding

d. Some Thoughts Concerning Education

13. He believes that students should/must interact with their environment in order to
adapt

and learn.

a. John Locke c. Herbert Spencer

b. George Counts d. John Dewey

14. Though an early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey,
This

educational theorist became its leading critic affiliated with the school of Social

Reconstructionism in education.

a. John Dewey c. John Locke

b. Theodore Brameld d. George S. Counts

15. In what year did Paulo Freire died?

a. 1992 c. 1995

b. 1996 d. 1997

16. The education deposits information into students' head.

a. Dialogue c. Posing-problem education

b. Critical Pedagogy d. Banking Method

17. Who were the influencers of Herbert Spencer?

a. His father William and Uncle Thomas c. Theodore Brameld

b. Paulo Freire d. Albert Einstein

18. Reconstructionist asserts that schools should:

a. Transmit the social ills that are symptoms of the persuasive problems to beset

humankind.

b. Critically examine present culture and resolve inconsistencies, controversies and

conflicts to build a new society

c. Try to change society

d. Create a world order in which people are not in control of their own destiny.
19. It is a statement (or set of statements) that identifies and clarifies the beliefs, values
and

understandings of an individual or group with respect to education.

a. Educational Psychology c. Technological Philosophy

b. Educational Philosophy d. Technological Psychology

20. He is the Father of Progressive Education.

a. John Locke c. Herbert Spencer

b. George Counts d. John Dewey

21. It is the conflict between social groups which results in the most socially capable or fit

group coming out on top as the winner.

a. Social Darwinism c. Polymath

b. Natural Selection d. Social Reconstructionism

22. The following are true about social reconstructionism EXCEPT:

a. It is a philosophy that deals with the reformation of the society

b. Inequality and inequity as normal for an international society

c. Philosophy of values, ends, and purposes, with a democratically empowered

world civilization as the central goal of education

d. Awakens students’ consciousness about social problems

23. It is an alternative method of education suggested by Freire instead of the existing

authoritarian method which he ironically called 'Banking Education'.

a. Dialogue c. Posing-problem education

b. Critical Pedagogy d. Banking Method

24. He founded Social Reconstructionism as a response to the ____________.

a. Horrors of World War II c. Economic deficiency

b. The world’s over population d. Malnutrition

25. John Locke’s thoughts of education are the following, except?

a. Acquire knowledge about the world through the senses - learning by doing and

by interacting with the environment.

b. People should be educated to govern themselves intelligently and responsibly.

c. Children are socially active human beings who want to explore their environment

and gain control over it.

d. Political order should be based upon a contract between the people and the

government.26. Theresa's lessons are intellectually informing and emotionally stir the class
about

inequities that surround them, interest and abilities, this is typical in a _____ school.

a. Perennialist c. Social Reconstructionism

b. Progressivist d. Existentialist

27. He coined the phrase "survival of the fittest".

a. John Locke c. Herbert Spencer

b. John Dewey d. George Counts

28. John Dewey believes that "The best education involves learning through _________?

a. Doing c. Playing

b. Singing d. Dancing

29. All of the following are basic principles of social reconstructionism "except"?

a. teachers should instill a sense of responsibility for humanity

b. should be involved in social issues

c. instruction should be self-paced

d. curriculum should emphasize equity

30. Uses lessons that both intellectually and emotionally stir students about the inequities

that surround them.

a. Social Reconstructionist c. Essentialist

b. Perennialist d. Progressivist

VI. Conclusion
“LEARNING BY DOING AND THROUGH EXPERIENCES”

Learning by doing and through experiences Implies that each of the students inside the
classroom has its own skills and abilities that teacher should know. While, the role of the
teacher is to guide only his or her students for them to explore what is there own strength
and weaknesses as students.

VII. References
o https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-educational-philosophy-2081642

o https://www.tsc.nsw.edu.au/tscnews/educational-philosophy-what-is-it-all

about

o www.slideshare.net

o Preito, Nelia G. ,et. al. The Teacher and the Community, School, Culture, and

Organizational Leadership, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc. 2019