Question 1

Student Choice Exp

Poster Strawbe Chocolat
Regular
Choice rry e Total
Regular 38 28 40 106 Regular
Poster
Strawbe Choice Strawbe
18 51 24
rry 93 rry
Chocolat Chocolat
32 32 53
e 117 e
Total 88 111 117 316

alpha
df=(r-1)(c-1)=(2-1)(2-1)=2
H0= there isno assiciation between rows and coloums of the table Observed CExpected C
Ha: There is association between rows and coloums 38 29.5
18 25.9
Tabulated valu of chi square 9.21034 32 32.6
28 37.2
51 32.7
32 41.1
40 39.2
24 34.4
53 43.3
Total

Rule : If computed Value is more than tabulated reject the null hypothesi
Since the value of chi square tablutad is lesss than chi square computed we reject the null hypothesis
 Expected counts
Strawbe Chocolat
Regular
rry e
29.5 37.2 39.2

25.9 32.7 34.4

32.6 41.1 43.3

Chi sqyuare((X^2 ∑((Oi-Ei)/Ei))

2.45
2.41
0.01
2.28
10.24
2.01
0.02
3.14
2.17
24.73

he null hypothesis
Question 2
Data:
Sample size(n) Mean(x-bar) Standard devia
Operation A 50 x1-bar=8.05 s1=
Operation B 38 x2-bar=7.26 s2
Solution:
Part (a).
α = 0.10
Step-1

As the standard deviations are closed we use Pooled variancs sp^2 and sqrt of sp^2
Pooled estimator variance: Sp2=[ (n1-1)s1^2+(n2-1)s2^2]/n1+n2-2

sp^2=?

sqrt of sp^2=?

Step-2
t=x1-bar-x2-bar/sp*sqrtof(1/n1+1/n2)
x1-bar-x2-bar=?

sqrt of (1/n1+1/n2)=?

sp=?

t=?

Step-3 t computed or t tabulated

T-computed=2.9606
t-tabluated=?
when degree of freedom=n1+n2-2 and alpha=0.10
d/f=

t-tabluated=?

t-tabluated<t-computed(1.292<2.9606)
So, The decision is reject Ho. The data provide sufficient evidence at 10% of level of significance to conclude that to declare th
operation A takes significantly longer time to perform than operation B.

Part b.
Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the difference mean time per assembly of two operations.
The point estimate of u1-u2 is:
x1-bar-x2-bar=?

To apply the formula for confidence interval. The 90% confidence means that alpha=1-90%=10%. So that t-alpha=t0.1
C.I= x1-b1r-x2-bar ± tα0.1*sp* sqrt of(1/n1+1/n2)
x1-bar-x2-bar=?

tα0.1=1.664
sp=?

sqrt of (1/n1+1/n2)=?

t-alpha0.1*sp* sqrt of (1/n1+1/n2)=?

0.79±0.444007466
upper limit= 0.79+0.444007466

lower limit=0.79-0.444007466
n1
n2
x1-bar
x2-bar
s1
s2

Confidence interval
[0.346, 1.234]
We are 90% confident that average level of Operation A lies between confidence interval [0.346, 1.234] so A sufficiently takes
 50
38
8.05
7.26
1.36
1.06
 Question 3

Amsterd Frankfu
Madrid Dublin
am rt Anova: Single Factor
650 250 850 540
480 525 700 450 SUMMARY
550 300 950 675 Groups
600 175 780 550 Amsterdam
675 500 600 600 Madrid
Frankfurt
Given Alpha is = 0.05 Dublin

Sum 2955 1750 3880 2815

Mean 591 350 776 563 ANOVA
Variance 6155 24062.5 18130 6845 Source of Variation
Between Groups
Within Groups

Total

Since 11.03121 is > 3.238871 reject the

The otherway p value is less than signifi
 Count Sum Average Variance
5 2955 591 6155
5 1750 350 24062.5
5 3880 776 18130
5 2815 563 6845

SS df MS F P-value F crit
456630 3 152210 11.03121 0.000358 3.238872
220770 16 13798.13

677400 19

121 is > 3.238871 reject the null hypothesis

ay p value is less than significance level thus reject the null hypothesis
 Question 3
Amsterda Frankfu
Madrid Dublin
m rt
650 250 850 540
480 525 700 450
550 300 950 675
600 175 780 550
675 500 600 600

Sum 2955 1750 3880 2815 GM

Mean 591 350 776 563 570 570
Varinace 6155 24062.5 18130 6845

df between groups is found by k-1

Where k is number of groups

df within groups is found by n-k

where k is no of groups
where n is sum of sample sizes of geoups
Groups Count Sum Mean Variance H0: μa= μb= μc
Amsterdam 5 2955 591 6155 Ha= there is atleast on inequality
Madrid 5 1750 350 24062.5
Frankfur 5 3880 776 18130
Dublin 5 2815 563 6845

ANOVA
Source Variation SS df MS F P-Value F Crit
Between Groups 456630 3 152210 11.03121 0.000358 3.238872
Within Groups 220770 16 13798.13

Total 677400 166008.1

Since 11.03121 is > 3.238871 reject the null hypothesis

The otherway p value is less than significance level thus reject the null hypothesis
is atleast on inequality
 QUESTION # 04 (a) scatterplot

Age (x) Rate (y) Rate (y)

1 30 186
2 38 183 200
3 41 171 195
4 38 177 190
5 29 191 185
6 39 177 180
7 46 174 175
8 41 176 170
9 42 171 165
10 24 196 160
11 49 168 155
150
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
bo 221.6634
b1 -1.123015

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.946931
R Square 0.896678
Adjusted R 0.885197
Standard E 3.009466
Observatio 11

ANOVA
df SS MS
Regression 1 707.3971 707.3971
Residual 9 81.51199 9.056888
Total 10 788.9091

Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat
Intercept 221.6634 4.901827 45.22056
X Variable -1.123015 0.12707 -8.837759
 (b) estimated regression equation

Rate (y) y^ = bo + b1(x)

y^= 221.6634 - 1.12301x
(c) intrepret coefficient of x
keeping the intercept concept,
with each increasing year of age (x) ,
the rate will decrease by 1.12301 times.
Rate (y)
(d) person with age 4 years
y^ 217.1713
yes, we can predict the max. heart rate by this equation y^= bo + b
By putting 4 at the x, we got the max. heart rate
of 217.1713

40 45 50 55
(e ) alpha is 0.05, then from the summary output we can see that
significance of slope is 9.906E-06

(f)
R^2 = SSR/SST
R^2 0.896678
This is called coefficient of determination, which basically
tells us that how much variation of heart rates can be explained
by the explanatory variables ( age )
Simply here, variations of 0.896678 heart rates they will be
explained by the age variable.

F Significance F
78.10598 9.9056112E-06

P-value Lower 95% Upper 95%

6.325E-12 210.574667724 232.7521
9.906E-06 -1.4104670512 -0.835562
 this equation y^= bo + b1x

can see that

e explained
 imports of sweetcorn is a function of imports of wheat and soyabeans.

a) The equation of the regression model

y^ = b0 + b1X1 + b2X2
in other words,
predicted imports of sweetcorn ( y^)=b0 +b1(wheat) +b2(soyabeans)

b) The ANOVA table with the F value for the overall test of the model.
F value is 12.31695
SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.855811
R Square 0.732413
Adjusted R Square 0.672949
Standard Error 1394.688
Observations 12

d) The value of SE.

SE= square root of S^2
SE 1394.68769987345
S^2 = sum of all residual squares/ n-p-1
S^2 1945153.78017831

e) The value of R2.

R2 = SSR/SST
R2 0.732412851979466
 Question 5

wheat (X1) soya beans (X2) sweetcorn( y)

18,835 49,000 3,335
9,617 8,020 3,778
5,016 4,723 376
3,351 12,848 588
9,133 4,509 843
25,699 340 1,372
11,897 10,418 3,259
16,616 1,158 3,905
16,112 53,218 4,140
31,720 326,601 5,089
14,916 442,909 7,155
7,062 487,486 7,857

ANOVA :
SSR + SSE = SST

ANOVA
df SS
Regression 2 47916728.2284
Residual 9 17506384.0216
Total 11 65423112.25

Coefficients Standard Error

Intercept 1830.4649972 830.2092739448
X Variable 0.0257876476 0.05069501687
X Variable 0.0109533698 0.002282926341

c) The t ratios, which test the significance of the r

2.204824 0.5086820998 4.797951488978
these are t ratios of the regression coefficients.
For the t-value approcah, if t-statistics test =2 or > 2, the
for the intercept coefficient, t-stat is more than 2 , so its
for the x1 slope, it's less than 2 so not good
and for the x2 slope, it's more than 2, so its slope is good
To conclude for overall significance, it's less than 5%. So
 MS F Significance F
23958364 12.31695 0.0026521228
1945154

t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95%

2.204824 0.054907 -47.598854681 3708.528849
0.508682 0.62321 -0.0888924477 0.1404677429
4.797951 0.000977 0.00578903167 0.016117708

e significance of the regression coefficients

on coefficients.
tistics test =2 or > 2, then interecept and slope is good.
at is more than 2 , so its intercept is good

han 2, so its slope is good too.

nce, it's less than 5%. So, the overall model is good we can say!
Average Annual Consumption of Fresh Food Per Person = µ = 27.5kg
Standard Deviation = 10.6kg
Random sample = n = 38

a)

P (x < 25kg) =?

Using Z-test

Z = (x-µ)/(σ/sqrt n)

P (x<25) = P (z<( (25-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38))

P (x<25) = 0.07353

c)

P (x < 32kg) =?

Using Z-test

Z = (x-µ)/(σ/sqrt n)

P (x < 32kg) =? P (z<( (32-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38))

P (x < 32kg) =? 0.9956
 b)

P (26 < x < 30) =?

Using Z-test

Z = (x-µ)/(σ/sqrt n)

P (26 < x < 30) =

P (26 < x < 30) =
z= -1.45 P (26 < x < 30) =

d)

P (22 < x < 24) =?

Using Z-test

Z = (x-µ)/(σ/sqrt n)

P (22 < x < 24) =

z= 2.62 P (22 < x < 24) =
P (22 < x < 24) =
P (z<( (30-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38)) - P (z<( (26-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38))
0.92785 - 0.19215 z (x=30) = 1.45
0.7357 z (x=26) = -0.87

P (z<( (24-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38)) - P (z<( (22-27.5)/(10.6/sqrt 38))

0.2068 - 0.00069 z (x=24) = -2.04
0.20611 z (x=22) = -3.20