ASSI

GNMENTTOPI
C:

I
NTERNATI
ONALCOMMUNI
TIES

Submi
tt
edTo:

Pr
of.RanaI
mran

Submi
tt
edBy
:

AbdulRehman (
MSWF19E007)

MASoci
alWor
kSel
fSuppor
t(2ndsemest
er)

Depar
tmentofSoci
alWor
k,

Uni
ver
sit
yofSar
godha
Tent
ati
veOut
li
nes:

1.Obj
ect
iveOfassi
gnment

2.Pur
poseofNGOs:

3.I
ntr
oduct
ionofNGOs:

4.Ty
pesofNGOs

5.RangeofNGOSACTI
VITI
ES:

6.HowNGOsappr
oacht
osol
vepr
obl
em?

7.FewI
NTERNATI
ONALNGOS:

8.SOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lages:

9.Whendososchi
l
dren’
svi
l
lagesbecomeact
ivei
nanewcount
ry?
Obj
ect
iveOfassi
gnment
:

Pur
poseofassi
gnmenti
stodi
scusst
hewor
kingofI
nter
nat
ional
communi
ty’
s(NGO’
S)
.
Howt
heyar
epl
ayi
ngt
hei
rrol
einbet
ter
mentofwor
ld.Iwi
l
lment
ionsomeI
nter
nat
ional
NGOsandt
hendi
scussaboutt
hei
rst
ruct
ureandf
unct
ional
i
tyofoneoft
he
I
nter
nat
ional
NGOs.

I
ntr
oduct
ionofNGOs:

Ther
ear
eanest
imat
ed10mi
l
li
onNGOswor
ldwi
deandpeopl
ewor
ldwi
dedonat
ing
moneyt
oNGOsi
ncr
easedf
rom 1.
2bi
l
li
oni
n2011t
o1.
4bi
l
li
oni
n2014.I
tispr
edi
cted
t
hatt
il
l2030,
thenumberi
sexpect
edt
ogr
owt
o2.
5bi
l
li
on.

Thet
erm“
non-
gov
ernment
alor
gani
zat
ion”wascr
eat
edi
nAr
ti
cle71oft
heChar
terof
t
henewl
yfor
medUni
tedNat
ionsi
n1945.AnNGOcanbeanyki
ndofor
gani
zat
ion
pr
ovi
dedt
hati
tisi
ndependentf
rom gov
ernmenti
nfl
uenceandi
snot
-f
or-
prof
it
.Anon-
gov
ernment
alor
gani
zat
ion(
NGO)i
sanor
gani
zat
iont
hati
snotf
oundedbyast
ateand,
t
her
efor
e,i
sty
pical
l
yindependentofgov
ernment
s.Al
thought
hedef
ini
ti
oncan
t
echni
cal
l
yincl
udef
or-
prof
itcor
por
ati
ons,
thet
ermi
sgener
all
yrest
ri
ctedt
osoci
al,
cul
tur
al,
legal
,andenv
ironment
aladv
ocacywi
thpr
imar
il
ynon-
commer
cial
goal
s.

Gl
obal
i
zat
iondur
ingt
he20t
hcent
urygav
eri
set
othei
mpor
tanceofNGOs.Many
pr
obl
emscoul
dnotbesol
vedwi
thi
nanat
ion.I
nter
nat
ional
treat
iesandi
nter
nat
ional
or
gani
zat
ionssuchast
heWor
ldTr
adeOr
gani
zat
ionwer
eseenast
oof
ocusedont
he
i
nter
est
sofcapi
tal
i
stent
erpr
ises.

Pur
poseofNGOs:

NGOsexi
stf
orav
ari
etyofpur
poses,
usual
l
ytof
urt
hert
hepol
i
tical
orsoci
algoal
sof
t
hei
rmember
s.Exampl
esi
ncl
udei
mpr
ovi
ngt
hest
ateoft
henat
ural
env
ironment
,
encour
agi
ngt
heobser
vanceofhumanr
ight
s,i
mpr
ovi
ngt
hewel
far
eoft
he
di
sadv
ant
aged,
orr
epr
esent
ingacor
por
ateagenda.Howev
er,
ther
ear
eahugenumber
ofsuchor
gani
zat
ionsandt
hei
rgoal
scov
erabr
oadr
angeofpol
i
tical
andphi
l
osophi
cal
posi
ti
ons.Thi
scanal
soeasi
l
ybeappl
i
edt
opr
ivat
eschool
sandat
hlet
icor
gani
zat
ions.

Ty
pesofNGOs

1.Oper
ati
onal
NGOs(
Focusondev
elopmentpr
oject
s)

2.Adv
ocacyNGOs(
organi
zedt
opr
omot
epar
ti
cul
arcauses)

RangeofNGOSACTI
VITI
ES:

1.Communi
tyHeal
thPr
omot
ionandEducat
ion

a.Cont
racept
ionandI
nti
macyEducat
ion

b.Gener
alHy
giene

c.Wast
eDi
sposal

d.Wat
erUsage

e.Vacci
nat
ions

f
. Yout
hCounsel
i
ngSer
vices

2.Emer
gingheal
thcr
ises

a.HI
V/AI
DSeducat
ionandsuppor
t

b.Hepat
it
isBeducat
ion

c. Dr
ugAddi
cti
onr
ecov
ery

3.Communi
tySoci
alPr
obl
ems

a.Juv
eni
l
ecr
imes

b. Runawaygi
rl
s
 c. St
reetChi
l
dren

d. Pr
ost
it
uti
on

4.Env
ironment
al

a.Sust
ainabl
ewat
erandener
gyconsumpt
ioneducat
ion

b. Keepi
ngmount
ainsandf
orest
scl
ean

5.Economi
c

a.Mi
croent
erpr
isesandMi
cro-
loans

b. Ski
l
ltr
aini
ng(
Comput
ers,
techni
ciant
rai
ning,
Cat
eri
ngser
vices,
clot
hing
andt
ext
il
e,et
c.)

c. Pr
oductpr
omot
ionanddi
str
ibut
ion(
Bazaar
set
c.)

d. Cooper
ati
vecr
eat
ion

e. Fi
nanci
alconsul
ti
ng

f
. RangeofNGOAct
ivi
ti
es

g. Car
eerser
vicesandj
obsear
chassi
stance

6.Dev
elopment

a.School
const
ruct
ion

b. I
nfr
ast
ruct
ureconst
ruct
ion

c. Cul
tur
alcent
erconst
ruct
ionandoper
ati
on

d.Agr
icul
tur
eandAquacul
tur
eexper
tassi
stance

7.Women’
sIssues

a. WomenandChi
l
dren’
sRi
ght
s
 b. Bat
ter
edwomenassi
stancecent
er

c. Gr
oupt
her
apyf
orsexual
l
yabusedwomen

d. Counsel
i
nghot
li
nes(
tel
ephone-
basedcounsel
i
ngser
vicesf
orwomen)

e. Legal
assi
stancet
owomen

f
. Li
ter
acydr
ives

HowNGOsappr
oacht
osol
vepr
obl
em?

WhenanNGOappr
oachessol
vi
ngapr
obl
em,
theycanpur
suet
hef
oll
owi
ngst
ruct
ure:

1.Col
l
ectt
hebel
owi
nfor
mat
ionont
hei
ssue

a.Whatexact
lyi
sthepr
obl
em?

b.Whati
scausi
ngt
hepr
obl
em?

c.Whoar
etheper
sons/
organi
zat
ionsr
esponsi
ble(
fore.
g.i
tcoul
dbea
par
ti
cul
ardepar
tmentoft
hegov
ernment
/ani
ndust
ry)
?

2.Whatar
etheconsequencesgoi
ngt
obe?Assessmagni
tude,
qual
i
tyand
pr
eval
ence.

3.Whatar
ethepossi
blesol
uti
ons?

4.Howmuchwoul
dtheycost
?Isi
tbet
tert
oinv
estt
hemoneyi
not
herpr
oject
s?

5.Tal
ktopeopl
eint
hecommuni
tyt
oheardi
ff
erentv
iewst
hatwi
l
lenabl
eahol
i
sti
c
v
iewoft
hei
ssue.

6.Tal
ktopeopl
ewhoar
ein-
char
geandheart
hei
rsi
deoft
hei
ssue.Tel
lthem about
t
hepr
obl
emst
haty
ousee.

7.Youmaybeabl
etowor
ktowar
dssol
vi
ngpr
obl
emst
oget
heri
fyoudonotsee
y
our
sel
fashost
il
epar
ti
es.

8. Connectwi
thpeopl
etoi
ncr
easeawar
eness
 9.Askol
der
,inf
luent
ial
orr
espect
edpeopl
eint
hecommuni
tyt
oaddr
esspubl
i
c
gat
her
ings.

10.
Uset
hemedi
a(newspaper
sandt
hei
nter
net
)togener
atei
nter
est
,communi
cat
e
t
hef
act
sanddi
scussopt
ions.

11.
Wri
tepol
i
tear
ti
clesf
ormagazi
nesandnewspaper
sident
if
yingt
hei
ssues.

12.I
ncl
udepeopl
efr
om di
ver
sebackgr
ounds,
sot
haty
ouror
gani
zat
ioni
snotl
i
nked
wi
thanypar
ti
cul
arpol
i
tical
par
tyorr
eli
gioussect
.

13.
Forf
undr
aisi
ngpur
poses,
letpeopl
eknowwhyf
undsar
eneededandhowt
hey
wi
l
lbeused.Tr
anspar
entanddet
ail
edaccount
sar
eimper
ati
vet
obui
l
dtr
ust
.

14.Li
nkupwi
thot
herNGOst
omaxi
mizet
heef
fectoft
heef
for
t.

FewI
NTERNATI
ONALNGOS:

1.Bi
l
qeesSar
warFoundat
ion(
BSF)
2.UNI
CEF
3.USAI
D
4.SOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lages
5.TheFr
edHol
l
owsFoundat
ion
6.Pl
anI
nter
nat
ional

Iwi
l
ldi
scusst
hef
unct
ional
i
tyandst
ruct
ureofSOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lages

SOSChi
ldr
en’
sVi
ll
ages:

1.I
ntr
oduct
ion:
SOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lagewasest
abl
i
shedi
n1949atVi
enna,
Aust
ri
abyHer
mann
Gmei
nerwhoi
saphi
l
ant
hropi
standr
unmanypr
oject
sfort
hewel
far
eofchi
l
dren
undert
hisor
gani
zat
ion.Theor
gani
zat
ioni
swor
kingt
owar
dst
hegoal
ofoneday
bei
ngabl
etopr
ovi
deshel
tert
oev
erydeser
vingchi
l
dint
hecount
ry.Thi
sisa
r
eal
i
sti
ctar
getast
heor
gani
zat
ionadmi
tsonl
ythosechi
l
drenwhoar
eei
ther
 compl
eteor
phansor
,cat
egor
izedas‘
soci
al’
orphans.Soci
alor
phansar
ethe
r
esul
toft
hemot
herbei
ngr
emar
ri
edorhav
ingani
ncur
abl
edi
seaseorment
al
i
l
lnessand,
asaconsequence,
bei
ngunabl
etopr
ovi
def
ort
hechi
l
dren.Thi
s
al
l
owssuchchi
l
drent
oli
venor
mal
li
vesandasenseofconf
idencear
einst
il
ledi
n
t
hem t
hatdev
elopt
hei
rful
lpot
ent
ial
.

2.Or
gani
zat
ionalst
ruct
ure
SOSai
mtof
orm anat
ional
associ
ati
oni
nal
lcount
ri
eswher
eit
soper
ateswi
thi
ts
ownboar
dofdi
rect
ors.Themostcommonamongt
hem i
sthemember
shi
pof
t
hei
nter
nat
ionalassoci
ati
on.Themai
nfacti
sthatt
hei
nter
nat
ionalassoci
ati
on
boar
dofdi
rect
orswor
ksonhonor
arybasi
s.Eachmemberassoci
ati
onhast
o
compl
ywi
tht
hei
nter
nat
ionalst
atut
esandpr
inci
plesf
oreducat
ionandchi
l
d-car
e
ofSOS Chi
l
dren'
sVi
l
lagesI
nter
nat
ional
,and f
orf
inanci
aland admi
nist
rat
ive
pr
act
ices.The nat
ionalassoci
ati
ons ar
eregi
ster
ed and or
gani
zed as a
f
oundat
ion,
trust
,associ
ati
on,
non-
prof
itcompanyorsoci
ety
.Asaf
ullmemberof
SOSChi
l
dren'
sVi
l
lagesI
nter
nat
ional
,theyhav
ether
ightt
oappl
yforf
undi
ng
t
hrought
heumbr
ell
aassoci
ati
on,andt
orequestser
vicesf
rom t
heGener
al
Secr
etar
iat
.

3.SOSVi
ll
ageFunct
ioni
ng
AtSOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lagest
heybel
i
evet
hatchi
l
drencanonl
ydev
elopt
othei
rful
l
pot
ent
iali
ftheyhav
easuppor
ti
veandpr
otect
ivef
ami
l
yenv
ironment
.Theywor
k
t
omaket
hisar
eal
i
ty.Att
hecent
erofSOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lagespr
ogr
am i
sthe
i
ndi
vi
dualchi
l
d.Theyencour
agechi
l
drent
oact
ivel
ytakepar
tint
hemaki
ngof
deci
sionst
hataf
fectt
hei
rli
ves.

4.Pr
event
ingcr
isi
sleadi
ngt
ofami
lysepar
ati
on
Theywor
kwi
thdi
sadv
ant
agedf
ami
l
iesi
nor
dert
opr
eventcr
isest
hatcanl
eadt
o
f
ami
l
y separ
ati
on.They of
ferv
ari
ous f
orms ofsuppor
tto st
rengt
hen and
st
abi
l
izef
ami
l
iesasmuchaspossi
blesot
hatchi
l
drencangr
owupi
nthei
rown
f
ami
l
ies.Theai
misal
way
stobui
l
dtheski
l
lsandcapaci
ti
esofcar
ersandoft
hei
r
 communi
ti
essot
hatchi
l
drencanenj
oyposi
ti
veandcar
ingr
elat
ionshi
ps.

5.St
rengt
heni
ngSOSf
ami
li
esandf
ost
erf
ami
li
es
Theyal
sost
rengt
henSOSf
ami
l
iesandf
ost
erf
ami
l
ies,whi
chpr
ovi
dest
abl
eand
consi
stentcar
etochi
l
drenwhocannotr
emai
nint
hei
rfami
l
yofor
igi
n,andf
or
whom f
ami
l
y-basedcar
eisconsi
der
edt
hebestopt
ion.Shor
t-
ter
m sol
uti
onsmay
beof
fer
edi
ncr
isi
ssi
tuat
ions.

6.I
ndi
vi
dualcar
e
Whet
herl
ocat
edal
ltoget
herordi
sper
sedwi
thi
nacommuni
ty,SOS f
ami
l
ies
pr
ovi
dei
ndi
vi
dual
i
zedcar
eandpr
omot
ethedev
elopment
,educat
ionandheal
th
ofeachchi
l
d.Theywor
ktoget
herwi
thcommuni
ti
est
odev
elopandi
mpr
ovel
ocal
educat
ionandheal
thi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure.I
nsomecasesSOSChi
l
dren'
sVi
l
lagesr
uns
ki
nder
gar
tens,day
-car
ecent
ers,school
sandv
ocat
ionalt
rai
ningcent
ers,aswel
l
asmedi
cal
cent
ers.

7.Al
eadi
ngv
oicef
orchi
ldr
en
Bui
l
dingonourexper
ience,t
heyar
eal
soal
eadi
ngv
oicef
orchi
l
drenwhohav
e
l
ostt
hei
rpar
entorwhosepar
ent
scannotcar
efort
hem.Theyai
mtomakea
changet
hatwi
l
limpr
ovet
hel
i
vesandl
i
vingcondi
ti
onsofal
lthesechi
l
dren,
thei
r
f
ami
l
iesandt
hei
rcommuni
ti
es.

Whendososchi
ldr
en’
svi
ll
agesbecomeact
ivei
nanewcount
ry?
SOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lageswor
kswher
ether
eisaneedt
ohel
pchi
l
drenwhohav
elost
par
ent
alcar
eorar
eatr
iskofl
osi
ngt
hecar
eoft
hei
rpar
ent
s.Theor
gani
zat
ionmaybe
al
ert
edt
othepl
i
ghtofv
ulner
abl
echi
l
dreni
napar
ti
cul
arcount
rybyagov
ernment
,an
embassy
,anSOSco-
wor
kerorani
ndi
vi
dualwi
thaspeci
alconnect
iont
othecount
ryi
n
quest
ionandi
n-dept
hknowl
edgeoft
hesoci
alsi
tuat
ion.

Bef
orest
art
inganyact
ivi
ti
esi
nanew count
ry,SOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lagesanal
ysest
he
si
tuat
ionandcar
ri
esoutaf
easi
bil
i
tyst
udyt
odet
ermi
nei
fSOSpr
ogr
amswoul
dbe
sui
tedt
ohel
pchi
l
dreni
nther
espect
ivecount
ryandcont
ext
.Thef
inanci
alandl
ogi
sti
cal
f
easi
bil
i
tyar
eal
soev
aluat
ed.

Fi
nal
l
y,anagr
eementmustbesi
gnedwi
tht
hegov
ernmenti
nwhi
cht
hef
oundat
ionsf
or
cooper
ati
onar
elai
dout(
chi
l
dcar
emodel
,chi
l
dadmi
ssi
on,t
hel
egalposi
ti
onr
egar
ding
t
axat
ion,et
c.)
.Onl
ythencanSOSChi
l
dren’
sVi
l
lagesgoaheadandsetuponeofi
ts
pr
ogr
ams.