PENGANTAR

SIX SIGMA
Six Sigma was developed and used by
Motorola in 1986, followed by General
Electric and other companies in both
manufacturing and service industries. 

Six Sigma is a methodology that

is used to improve an existing
process (manufacturing/service). 
 •  Six Sigma is a rigorous, focused,
and highly effective implementation of
proven quality principles and
What Is techniques.

•  aims for vir tually error-free business

Six per formance

•  Sigma, σ, is a letter in the Greek

Sigma? alphabet used by statisticians to

measure the variability in any process.
Why Six Sigma?
•  Six Sigma focuses on helping the organization
make more money by improving customer value
and efficiency.

•  Six Sigma focuses on improving quality (i.e.,

reducing waste) by helping organizations produce
products and services better, faster, and cheaper.

•  Six Sigma identifies and eliminates costs which

provide no value to customers: waste costs

•  Six Sigma focuses on customer requirements,

defect prevention, cycle time reduction, and cost
savings.
Why Six Sigma?

Potential quality is the known maximum

possible value added per unit of input.
Actual quality is the current value added
per unit of input.

The difference between potential and

Potential actual quality is waste.
Quality

Actual
Quality
Cost of poor quality versus sigma level.
 Error rate versus sigma level
The Six
Sigma
Philosophy
Six Sigma is the
application of the
scientific method to the
design and operation of
management systems The Six Sigma philosophy focuses the
and business processes attention on the stakeholders for whom the
which enable employees enterprise exists. It is a cause-and-effect
to deliver the greatest mentality. Well-designed management
va l u e t o c u s t o m e r s a n d systems and business processes operated
owners.
by happy employees cause customers and
owners to be satisfied or delighted
By taking a problem through the DMAIC phases in a collaborative
setting with a team of personnel, the resultant solution addresses the
root cause. If the process improvement methodology is considered as
a process in itself, then the input to the process improvement
methodology is the problem, the output is the solution to the problem,
and the process box in the methodology can be decomposed to Define,
Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control
 Statistics, Quality Control, and Six Sigma

Statistical Process Control

(SPC)
SIX SIGMA
Walter Shewhart (1924)

Poor quality defined as a deviation

from engineered standards

The customers’ expectations about a

product’s performance, reliability, and
attributes are translated into Critical-To- Variability:
Quality (CTQ) characteristics and
integrated into the products’ design by the
the source of defects
design engineers.
Evaluation of the process performance
Defect Per Million Opportunity
Six Sigma stands for 6 standard deviations
(6σ) between avarage and acceptable
limits

The more number of standard deviations

between process average and acceptable
process limits fits, the less likely that the
process performs beyond the acceptable
process limits, and it causes a defect. This
is the reason why a 6σ (Six Sigma)
process performs better than 1σ, 2σ, 3σ,
4σ, 5σ processes.
 Sigma level of any process is determined
by the no. of standard deviations that a
process has between the mean and the
customer specification. In simple words, it
means that to have more standard
deviations between the mean and the
customer specifications (i.e. high sigma
REDUCE VARIATION level), you will have lesser defects in the
process and hence a higher level of
process sigma level will serve customer
better.
DMAIC vs DMADV