Ayu Dahliyanti,

BINARY LIQUID-
M.Eng.
LIQUID &
Physical Chemistry
Chemical Engineering LIQUID-SOLID
Universitas Pertamina
EQUILIBRIA
 OUTLINE OBJECTIVES
• Binary Liquid – Liquid phase • To interpret the phase change using
diagram for partially miscible liquid binary liquid-liquid and solid-liquid
• Lever rule phase diagram.
• Binary Liquid – Solid phase diagram • To determine the composition and
amount of each phase based on
binary liquid-liquid and solid-liquid
phase diagram

• Atkins & de Paula. Atkin’s Physical Chemistry, 10th Ed– chapter 5C & 5D
REFERENCES • Levine, Physical Chemistry, 6th Ed – Chapter 12
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One phase
One
Phase Diagram aa
region
Tc

• When two partially miscible B-rich

liquid (A and B) are mixed
together, the will form two (A-rich)
separate phases until it exceeds Two phase region
critical solution temperature
(Tc)
• First phase will be A-rich
• Second phase will be B-rich
• Above Tc, two liquid will form
one phase (solution).

Temperature – composition diagram for A-B

liquid-liquid equilibrium at constant P
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Phase Diagram

Systems with lower Tc (a) and both upper and lower Tc (b)
 Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) – Hexane (C6H14) system at 1 atm
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Lever Rule

Where:
nα = amount of phase α (in mole or mass)
nβ = amount of phase β (in mole or mass)
l α = length of line l α
l β = length of line l β
Example:
When xN=0.41 at 290 K; exist two phases with compositions
Self test. Repeat the calculation for 50 g
xN xH
of hexane and 100 g of nitrobenzene at
phase α 0.35 0.65
280 K!
phase β 0.83 0.17
 Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) – Hexane (C6H14) system at 1 atm
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Lever Rule

Self test. Repeat the calculation for 50 g of

hexane and 100 g of nitrobenzene at 280 K!
Solution:
100Τ
123.11
Calculate xN= 100Τ 50 = 0.58
123.11+ Τ86.18

When xN=0.58 at 280 K; exist two phases with

compositions
𝑛𝛼 0.92 − 0.58
xN xH = = 0.71
𝑛𝛽 0.58 − 0.1
phase α 0.1 0.9
(hexane rich) Since the total mol in the mixture is 1.4 mol:
𝑛𝛼 = 0.71𝑛𝛽 → 𝑛𝛼 = 0.71(1.4 − 𝑛𝛼 )
phase β 0.92 0.08
𝑛𝛼 =0.58 mol; 𝑛𝛽 = 0.82 mol
(nitrobenzene rich)
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Lever Rule

Lever rule is also applicable

for other phase diagram
(eg. Vapor liquid equilibrium
phase diagram)

Self test. At 80oC there are 5 mol methanol and

5 mol water in equilibrium. How many phases
are present in the system? Find the amount (in
mole) and composition of each phase.
𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 0.6 − 0.5
Xmethanol = 0.5 ; two phase L-V mixture = = 0.37
𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 0.5 − 0.23
xM xW
Since the total mol in the mixture is 10 mol:
phase α (liquid) 0.23 0.77 𝑛𝛼 = 0.37𝑛𝛽 → 𝑛𝛼 = 0.37(10 − 𝑛𝛼 )
phase β (vapor) 0.6 0.4 𝑛𝛼 = mol; 𝑛𝛽 = mol