Instructor

Mr. Sohaib Latif

 Levels of Data
 Roles in Database Environment:
 History of Database Management Systems
 Types of Database System
 DBMS Architecture
 Real World Data
 Meta Data
 MetaMeta Data
◦ Data Administrators
◦ Database Administrators
◦ Database Designers
◦ Application Developers
◦ End-Users
 DA is responsible for the management of the
data resource including
 Database planning
 Development and maintenance of Standards,
policies and procedures
 Conceptual/ logical database design.
 A person who has central control over data and
programs that access this data

 Following are the Functions of DBA

 Create Database
 Creating Users
 Granting Roles & Privileges
 Routine Maintenance
 Backups
 Monitoring disk space
 Monitoring jobs running
 There are two types of Database Designers which can
be distinguished in large projects.
1. Logical Database Designer
Identifies
Entities, attributes, relationships and constraints
1. Physical Database Designer
Decides how the logical Database design is to be
physically realized.
 Application Program which provides required
functionality of the end users for accessing database,
is developed by Application Developers.

 Interface of different users according to their

requirements is designed and developed.
End Users are the Clients for the database
◦ End users are classified according to the
way they use the system.
1. Naïve
2. Sophisticated
 End users
Software interact

Application Programs Application

develop Programmers
“What” to get

DBMS Database
maintain Administrators
“How” to get
Data
Database
design Designers
Database
Users
 Flat files - 1960s - 1980s
 Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s
 Network – 1970s - 1990s
 Relational – 1980s - present
 Object-oriented – 1990s - present
 Object-relational – 1990s - present
 Data warehousing – 1980s - present
 Web-enabled – 1990s - present
 Centralized Database
A database at a single physical location,
usually employed in conjunction with
centralized data processing.

 Distributed Database
A distributed database is a single logical
database that is spread physically across
computers in multiple locations that are
connected by a data communication network.
Distributed DBMS is required to deal with it.
 There are two types of Centralized database
◦ Personal Computer Database
A database that is designed and used for personal
computers. i.e. MS ACCESS

◦ Client/Server database
There is a server which keeps the database and
provide the access to the clients on their
requirements, (Clients are the computer s in a
network which have to get services from server
computer) i.e. Oracle
There are two types of Distributed database
◦ Homogeneous Distributed Database
 All sites have identical software (Uses same technology
on every site).
 Are aware of each other and agree to cooperate in
processing user requests.

◦ Heterogeneous Distributed Database

 Different sites may use different schemas and software
(Uses different technology on every site).
 Sites may not be aware of each other and may provide
only limited facilities for corporation in transaction
processing.
 Single User DBMS Architecture
 Multi-User DBMS Architecture
◦ Teleprocessing
◦ File-Server
◦ Client Server
 File Server
Database

File returned Data request

LAN

Workstation Workstation
 Client-Server
Server
Database (with DBMS)

Selected data returned Data request

LAN

Client Client
Best of Luck

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