TOPIC: - GOOD HEATH AND WELL BEING AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND

COMMUNITIES

FROM:-

M.NIKHIL MOSES

REG:-11717959, B.PLAN 2ND YEAR,

TO,

RISHAB GABA
CONTENT
• GOOD HEALTH HAND WELL-BEING
o What’s the goal here?
o Why?
o Targets for goal good heath and well being and sustainable
o How much will it cost to achieve these targets?
o India in Goal good heath and well being and sustainable

o Relation of Good heath and well being in housing and community:

o Healthy housing for a sustainable and equitable future
o The stability pathway

o The safety and quality pathway

o The affordability pathway

• SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

o What’s the goal here?
o Why?
o Targets for goal sustainable cities and communities
o India in Goal sustainable cities and communities

o Relation of sustainable cities and communities in housing and community

o Aspects related to housing

• REFERENCES
1. GOOD HEALTH HAND WELL-BEING:
What’s the goal here?
To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

Why?
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages is important to building prosperous societies.
However, despite great strides in improving people’s health and wellbeing in recent years, inequalities in health
care access still persist. More than six million children still die before their fifth birthday each year, and only half
of all women in developing regions have access to the health care they need.

Not only does disease impact the well being of an individual, it burdens family and public resources, weakens
societies, and squanders potential. The health and well being of people at all ages therefore lies at the heart of
sustainable development. Protection from disease is not only fundamental to survival, but it enables opportunity
for everyone and strengthens economic growth and prosperity.

Targets for goal good heath and well being and sustainable
 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to
reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low
as 25 per 1,000 live births
 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat
hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases.
 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and
treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of
alcohol.
 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.
 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and
programmes.
How much will it cost to achieve these targets?
To achieve this goal, India would need to increase its Health Index,
which includes health status of population, quality of healthcare
institutions and financial instruments for access to healthcare
(insurance, etc.), to 0.9. As of 2011, India’s Health Index was 0.702.
India is estimated to require around INR 55 lakh crores (USD 880
billion) till 2030 to achieve the target value of its Health Index. A
gap of around INR 19 lakh crores (USD 305 billion) is estimated.

India in Goal good heath and well being and

sustainable
India has made some progress in reducing its under-five mortality
rate, which declined from 125 per 1,000 live births in 1990-91 to 50
per 1,000 live births in 2015-16, and its maternal mortality rate,
which declined from 437 per 100,000 live births in 1990-91 to 167 in 2013. India has also made significant
strides in reducing the prevalence of HIV and AIDS across different types of high-risk categories, with adult
prevalence reducing from 0.45% in 2002 to 0.27% in 2011. However, a quarter of global TB cases occur in India
where nearly 2.1 million people live with the disease, and an estimated 423,000 die annually as a result. The
Indian government’s National Health Mission prioritises national wellbeing and is leading change in this area, in
addition to targeted national programmes against HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases.

Relation of Good heath and well being in housing and community:

Healthy housing for a sustainable and equitable future
There is strong evidence characterizing housing’s relationship to health. Housing stability, quality, safety, and
affordability all affect health outcomes, as do physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods.
The impact of housing on health is now being widely considered by
policy makers. Housing is one of the best-researched social
determinants of health, and selected housing interventions for low-
income people have been found to improve health outcomes and
decrease health care costs. As a result, many health care systems,
payers, and government entities are seeking to better understand the
totality of the health and housing literature to determine where they
might intervene effectively. This brief outlines the literature and
provides high-level direction for future research and policy agendas.

The stability pathway

People who are chronically homeless face substantially higher morbidity in terms of both physical and mental
health and of increased mortality. Many people experience traumas on the streets or in shelters, which has long-
standing adverse impacts on psychological well-being. These and other challenges can result in persistently high
health care expenditures due to emergency department and inpatient hospital use. Even children who experienced
homelessness only while in utero are more likely to be hospitalized or suffer worse health, compared to their
peers.

The safety and quality pathway

A number of environmental factors within homes are correlated with poor health. In-home exposure to lead
irreversibly damages the brains and nervous systems of children. Substandard housing conditions such as water
leaks, poor ventilation, dirty carpets, and pest infestation have been associated with poor health outcomes, most
notably those related to asthma. Additionally, exposure to high or low temperatures is correlated with adverse
health events, including cardiovascular events—particularly among the elderly. Residential crowding has also
been linked to both physical illness (for example, infectious disease) and psychological distress.

The affordability pathway

In 2015, 38.9 million American families spent more than 30 percent of their income on housing, earning them the
designation of being “cost burdened” and inhibiting their ability to invest in health-generating goods. In the same
year, 18.8 million households were “severely cost-burdened” because they spent more than 50 percent of their
income on housing, with much of this burden falling on renters rather than owners. If both rents and incomes rise
at the rate of inflation, the number of American households that are severely cost-burdened because of rent is
expected to reach 13.1 million in 2025, an 11 percent increase from 2015.
 2. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
What’s the goal here?
To make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Why?
Half of humanity—3.5 billion people—live in cities today, and this number will continue to grow. Because the
future will be urban for a majority of people, the solutions to some of the greatest issues facing human’s poverty,
climate change, healthcare, education— must be found in city life.

Cities are engines for sustainable development. It is where ideas, commerce, culture, science, and productivity
thrives. Urban spaces offer opportunities for people to prosper economically and socially, but this is only possible
in prosperous cities that can accommodate people in decent jobs and where land resources are not overwhelmed
by growth. Unplanned urban sprawl, as cities spill beyond their formal boundaries, can be detrimental to national
developmental planning and to the global goals for sustainable development. Our urban areas are also emitters of
greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change. Half of the global urban population breathes air that is 2.5
times more polluted than standards deemed acceptable by the World Health Organization.

Targets for goal sustainable cities and communities

• By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.
• By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road
safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention given to the needs of those in vulnerable
situations, women, and children, persons with disabilities and older persons.
• By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable
human settlement planning and management in all countries.
• Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.
• By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for
women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.
• Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban,
peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional
development planning.

India in Goal sustainable cities and communities

India is urbanising rapidly. Between 2001 and 2011, the country’s urban
population had increased by 91 million. India is projected to add 416 million
urban dwellers between 2018 and 2050. By 2030, India is expected to be
home to six mega-cities with populations above 10 million. 68% of the
country’s total population live in rural areas, while 17% of the country’s
urban population live in slums. The Government of India’s Smart Cities
Mission, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Transformation(AMRUT) are working to address the challenge of improving urban spaces. The prime
minister’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana aims to achieve housing for all by 2022.

Relation of sustainable cities and communities in housing and community:

Clearly, a lot of what has gone wrong with cities is related in one way or another to housing. The future of
urbanization will therefore depend on how countries and cities position housing as a priority in the public debate
around sustainable development.
From slums to gated communities, from overcrowding to sprawl, from homelessness to the vacant houses, there
is much evidence that housing is shaping cities worldwide, regretfully, in many cases, by producing
fragmentation and inequalities. The resulting models are leading to social, environmental and financial costs far
beyond what the majority of cities can afford.
While the most common problem is the shortage of adequate and affordable housing and the unprecedented
proliferation of slums, other important challenges lay in the poor quality
and location of the stock usually far from job and livelihood
opportunities, lack of accessibility and services. The housing challenge
the world is facing today is likely to persist with six out of every ten
people expected to reside in urban areas by 2030. Over 90 per cent of
this growth will take place in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the
Caribbean. It is estimated that the struggle to obtain adequate and
affordable housing could affect at least 1.6 billion people
globally within a decade.
We cannot overlook this reality. This is why, towards Habitat III, UN-
Habitat has increased efforts to re-establish housing as a priority in the
debate around sustainable urbanization. We are proposing the 'Housing
at the Centre' approach to shift the focus from simply building houses to
a holistic framework where housing is orchestrated with national and
urban development in a way that benefits all people.
The momentum could not be better with the Sustainable Development Goal 11 to “make cities and human
settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” and targets to ensure access for all to adequate, safe and
affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums. There is no doubt the 2030 SDGs are ambitious.
However, to make them a reality we must think innovatively about inclusive approaches to providing housing and
addressing the challenges of affordability.

1. Housing is inseparable from urbanization at the same time as it is a an integrating element of urban planning
2. Systemic reforms, strong states and long-term policy and finance are needed to enable access to adequate
housing for all.
3. Housing and slum upgrading policies should be accompanied by national strategies with a detailed plan of
action, time frame, and provisions for ensuring that resources are available to implement
Aspects related to housing:-

 Housing and sustainability

 Environmental sustainability of housing
 Social and cultural sustainability of housing
 economic sustainability of housing
 REFERENCES:
• Http://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/post-2015/sdg-overview/goal-11.html
• https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/goal-11.pdf
• http://in.one.un.org/page/sustainable-development-goals/sdg-3-2/
• https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20180313.396577/full/
• http://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/housing-center-sustainable-development-agenda
• Sustainable housing for sustainable cities: a policy framework for developing countries