Given As, d ,b , f‵c , fy

Required M u

Let ρ=𝐀𝐬⁄𝒃𝒅

NO YES
ρ>ρmin

Increase ρ NO
ρ<ρmax

reduce ρ YES

𝐀𝐬 𝐟𝐲
a= , c = a / β1
𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛

𝐝−𝐜
εs=( ) εcu
𝐜

Compression controlled
εs < 0.002

ϕ = 0.65 εs > 0.005

Transition 0.002 < εs < 0.005
controlled Tension controlled
ϕ =0.48+83εt > 0.65
Φ = 0.9

M u = ϕ *As fy (d – a/2)

End

Flowchart 1: analysis of singly reinforced rectangular section

Note:
𝒇‵𝒄 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑+(𝐟𝐲⁄𝐄𝐬)
*ρmin= 𝟐𝟎𝟎⁄𝐟𝐲 ⅋ ρmin= 𝟑√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲 , ρb = 0.85 β1∗ ∗ 𝟖𝟕
𝒇𝒚 𝟖𝟕+𝒇𝒚
, ρmax = ( ) ρb
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖
𝐟‵𝐜−𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
*if (f‵c > 4000 psi) which should be found (β1 ) by β1 = 0.85 – 0.05 *[ ] ≥ 0.65
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given A‵s, As, ‵d, d ,b , f‵c , fy
Required M u

Let ῤ =𝐀‵𝐬⁄𝒃𝒅 , ρ=𝐀𝐬⁄𝒃𝒅

NO ρ≥ ρmin YES

𝐟‵𝐜 ‵𝐝 𝟖𝟕
Increase ρ ρeff =ρ- ῤ ≥ 0.85 β1∗ ∗ ∗
𝐟𝐲 𝐝 𝟖𝟕−𝐟𝐲

YES Compression
f‵s =fy steel has
Compression yielded
NO
steel has not NO
f‵s <fy ρmin ≤ρeff ≤ ρmax
yielded reduce ρ
YES

0.85β1 f‵c b c2+( A‵sEs εcu- As fy) c - A‵sEs εcu‵d=0 a=

(𝐀𝐬−𝐀‵𝐬)𝐟𝐲
, c = a / β1
𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛
Find (C)

𝐜−‵𝐝 𝐀𝐬∗𝐟𝐲−𝐀‵𝐬∗𝐟‵𝐬
f‵s =( ) *87 c= , a =c * β1 εs=(
𝐝−𝐜
) εcu
𝐜 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝛃𝟏 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛
𝐜

εs < 0.002
Compression controlled
ϕ = 0.65 εs > 0.005
Transition 0.002 < εs ≤ 0.005
controlled Tension
controlled
ϕ =0.48+83εt > 0.65

Φ = 0.9

Mn = [(As fy −A‵s f‵s ) *(d – a/2) + A‵s f‵s (d−‵d )] Mn = [(As −A‵s) fy (d – a/2) + A‵s fy(d−‵d )]

Compression Compression
M u = ϕ *Mn
steel has not steel has
yielded yielded

End

Flowchart 2: analysis of doubly reinforced rectangular section

conconcrete
Note:
𝒇‵𝒄 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑+(𝐟𝐲⁄𝐄𝐬)
* ρmin= 𝟐𝟎𝟎⁄𝐟𝐲 ⅋ ρmin= 𝟑√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲 , ρb = 0.85 β1∗ ∗ 𝟖𝟕
𝒇𝒚 𝟖𝟕+𝒇𝒚
, ρmax = ( ) ρb
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖
𝐟‵𝐜−𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
*if (f‵c > 4000 psi) which should be found (β1 ) by β1 = 0.85 – 0.05 *[ ] ≥ 0.65
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given As, d ,bw , f‵c , fy , hf , L
Required M u

If T-section If L-section
beff ≤ L / 4 beff ≤ L / 12 + bw
beff ≤ 16 hf + bw beff ≤ 6 hf + bw
𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃
beff ≤ center to center of adjacent slab beff ≤ bactual = + bw
𝟐

𝑨𝒔
Let ρ=
𝒃𝒘 𝒅

NO YES
ρ>ρmin

Case 1 𝐀𝒔 𝐟𝒚
Increase ρ a= , c = a / β1
𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝒄 𝒃𝐞𝐟𝐟

Case 2

a ≤ hf a > hf

𝒇𝒚 𝟏.𝟏𝟖 𝒅 𝐰
w= ρ , hf ≤ or hf< a
𝐟‵𝒄 𝛃𝟏

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝒄 (𝒃𝐞𝐟𝐟 −𝒃𝐰 ) 𝐡𝒇

𝐀𝒔𝒇 =
𝐟𝒚

𝐝−𝐜 (𝐀𝒔 −𝐀𝒔𝒇 ) 𝐟𝒚

εs=( ) εcu a=
𝐜 𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝒄 𝒃𝐰
Compression controlled εcu
εs < 0.002

ϕ = 0.65 εs > 0.005

Transition 0.002 < εs < 0.005
controlled Tension
controlled
ϕ =0.48+83εt > 0.65
Φ = 0.9

Case 1 Case 2

M u = ϕ *As fy (d – a/2) Mn = [(As− 𝐀𝒔𝒇 ) fy *(d – a/2) + 𝐀𝒔𝒇 fy (d−𝐡𝒇 /𝟐 )]

End M u = ϕ *Mn

End

Note:
Flowchart 3: analysis of singly reinforced T and L- sections
*ρmin= 𝟐𝟎𝟎con concrete
⁄𝐟𝐲 ⅋ ρmin= 𝟑√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲
𝐟‵𝐜−𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
*if (f‵c > 4000 psi) which should be found (β1 ) by β1 = 0.85 – 0.05 *[ ] ≥ 0.65
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given: M u, f‵c , fy
Required: 𝑨𝒔

Unknown dimension Known dimension

Assume: k = 𝒄⁄𝒅 ≤ 0.375 Assume: k = 𝒄⁄𝒅 ≤ 0.375

k’ = β1 k k’ = β1 k

R u = 0.85 * k’ f‵c (1 – k’/2) R u = 0.85 * k’ f‵c (1 – k’/2)

assume b = ( 45 to 65 ) % d 𝑴𝒏
𝑴 𝒃𝒅𝟐 = ⁄𝑹
𝒃𝒅𝟐 = 𝒏⁄𝑹 𝒖
𝒖

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛 𝛃𝟏 𝐜 𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛 𝛃𝟏 𝐜

C=kd 𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔 = C=kd
𝐟𝐲 𝐟𝐲

Select (𝑨𝒔 ) provided

Check: b = (2n-1) 𝒅𝒃 +2 (𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 + cover)

Check: h = d + 𝒅𝒃 ⁄𝟐 + 𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 + cover

NO 𝒃 ≥ b (check) , 𝒃 ≥ h (check) YES

Check out the other bars. Use analysis of single

reinforced. (flowchart 1)

Check the beam for over designed

𝑴𝒖 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅−𝑴𝒖 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
Over designed = × 100
𝑴𝒖 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
%

End

Flowchart 4: design of singly reinforced rectangular sections

conconcrete

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given: M u, f‵c , fy
Required: 𝑨𝒔 , 𝐀‵𝒔

Unknown dimension known dimension

Assume k = 𝒄⁄𝒅 ≤ 0.375 Assume k = 𝒄⁄𝒅 ≤ 0.375

k’ = β1 k k’ = β1 k

R u = 0.85 * k’ f‵c (1 – k’/2) R u = 0.85 * k’ f‵c (1 – k’/2)

assume b = ( 45 to 65) % d 𝑴𝒏
𝑴 𝒃𝒅𝟐 = ⁄𝑹
𝒃𝒅𝟐 = 𝒏⁄𝑹 𝒖
𝒖

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛 𝛃𝟏 𝐜 𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝐜 𝐛 𝛃𝟏 𝐜

C=kd 𝑨𝒔𝟏 = 𝑨𝒔 = C=kd
𝐟𝐲 𝐟𝐲

M n1 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 fy (d – a/2)

NO 𝑴 𝒖⁄ > Mn YES
Design and analysis 𝝓
Assume ϕ = 0.9
as single reinforced. 𝑴𝒏𝟐 = 𝑴𝑵 − 𝑴𝒏𝟏
𝐜−‵𝐝 𝒇𝒚
𝜺𝑺 ‵ =( ) *𝜺𝑪𝑼 , 𝜺𝒚 =
NO 𝐜 𝑬𝒔 YES Compression
Compression
𝜺 𝑺 ‵ ≤ 𝜺𝒚 steel has
steel has not
f‵s <fy f‵s = fy yielded
yielded

𝐀𝑺 𝑴𝒏𝟐
𝐀‵𝒔 = 𝐀‵𝒔 =
𝟏 + %𝐀𝒏𝒆𝒕 𝐟𝐲(𝐝−‵𝐝 )

𝐀𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔𝟏 + 𝐀‵𝒔

Select (𝑨𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝐀‵𝒔 ) provided

Check: b = (2n-1) 𝒅𝒃 +2 (𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 + cover)

𝒃 ≥ b (check) , 𝒉 ≥ h (check)
Check: h = d + 𝒅𝒃 ⁄𝟐 + 𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 + cover

YES
NO
Use analysis of double Check the beam for over designed
Check out the other bars. reinforced. (flowchart 2) 𝑴𝒖 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅−𝑴𝒖 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
Over designed = × 100 %
𝑴𝒖 𝒈𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏
And

End
Flowchart 5: design of double reinforced rectangular sections
Preparedcon
by concrete
Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil
Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given: M u, f‵c , fy , 𝒉𝒇 , L
Required: 𝑨𝒔

𝒉 = (𝟖 𝒕𝒐 𝟏𝟎 % )𝑳 , d = 0.5 h

Assume: k = 𝒄⁄𝒅 ≤ 0.375

k’ = β1 k

R u = 0.85 * k’ f‵c (1 – k’/2)

assume b = (45 to 65 %) d
𝑴
𝒃𝒅𝟐 = 𝒏⁄𝑹
𝒖

Checked for beam for over design

(𝒃∗𝒅)𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 −(𝒃∗𝒅)𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒏
Over = × 100 %
(𝒃∗𝒅)𝒅𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒏

NO YES
Over design ≤ 10 %

Check out ratio between (b with d) Checked for (k)

𝟐 𝑴𝒏
𝑴𝒏 k’ = 𝟏 − √𝟏 − × 100 %
𝟎.𝟖𝟓∗𝐟‵𝐜 𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝑨𝒔 =
𝐋/𝟒 𝐟𝐲 𝐝 (𝟏− 𝐤’ ⁄𝟐) k = 𝐤′⁄𝛃𝟏
𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐟(𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏) = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 {
𝐋 / 𝟏𝟎

(𝟔√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲) 𝐝 ∗ 𝐛𝐰
𝐀𝐬,𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 { (𝟑√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲) 𝐝 ∗ 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐟(𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏) Selected (𝑨𝒔 ) proved
𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 {
(𝟐𝟎𝟎⁄𝐟𝐲) 𝒅 ∗ 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐟(𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)

Check: d = h - 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝑫𝐛𝐚𝐫 - 𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 - concrete

cover

𝒅 ≥ d (check)
NO YES Use analysis of single
Check out the other bars
from (𝑨𝒔 ) proved. reinforced. (flowchart 1)

And
End

Flowchart 6: design of singly reinforced for T- sections for (max-)

conconcrete

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering
 Given: M u, f‵c , fy , 𝒉𝒇 , L
Required: 𝑨𝒔

𝒉 = (𝟖 𝒕𝒐 𝟏𝟎 % )𝑳 , d = 0.5 h

𝐋/𝟒
beff(comp) ≤ { 𝟏𝟔 𝐡𝐟 + 𝐛𝐰
𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐛

ϕ M n = ϕ * 0.85 f‵c 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒇 ∗ 𝒉𝒇 (d – 𝒉𝒇 /2)

NO ϕ Mn < Mu YES

a ≤ hf a > hf

𝐂𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝒄 (𝒃𝐞𝐟𝐟 −𝒃𝐰 ) 𝐡𝒇

(𝟑√𝐟‵𝐜⁄𝐟𝐲) 𝐝 ∗ 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐟
𝐀𝐬,𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 {
(𝟐𝟎𝟎⁄𝐟𝐲) 𝒅 ∗ 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐟

𝐌𝒇 = 𝐂𝒇 (d – 𝒉𝒇 /2)

M w = 𝑴𝒖 ⁄𝛟 −𝑴 𝒇

𝐌𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝐟‵𝒄 𝒃𝐰 𝒂 (d – 𝒂/2)

𝑨𝒔𝒇 = 𝑪𝒇 ⁄𝒇𝒚 , 𝑨𝒔𝒘 = 𝑪𝒘 ⁄𝒇𝒚

Select (𝑨𝒔 ) provided A s(req) =A sf - 𝑨𝒔𝒘

u2

Check: b = (2n-1) 𝒅𝒃 +2 (𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 + cover)

Check: d = h - 𝟏⁄𝟐 𝑫𝐛𝐚𝐫 - 𝑫𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐫𝐫𝐮𝐩 -
concrete cover
NO 𝒃 ≥ b (check) , 𝒅 ≥ d (check) YES

Check out the other bars. Use analysis of T-section

reinforced. (flowchart 3)

End

Flowchart 7: design of singly reinforced for T- sections for (max +)

conconcrete

Prepared by Omed Sabir Rasul Cihan University of Erbil

Supervised by Mr. Diyar N.Qader Department of Civil Engineering