1 9 BEIT5HO22 - Liyansu elasSMAte

Date
Paga

1Explain D/4Conertes R-2R_ladcder =ircus

nth qmy_one CKample
RThe R-2R ladder hipe DAC is The mast
popul DAC.

T t gesa ladder netatord tontutiry Seis-

Pa2alled ombinatops of two eSistbss

OF Ldues Rand 2R
TheOezehional ampltier lontigr aas
Yeltugolauez is used bpre ent ludie

bigureShous he circeut _diagAmat a

A-LR_Ladder tPe DAC haviny bit
digitdirput:
Wema dizitl Signd D D2DzDa is qpehed
Ae input teiieds gf e Dt. an
Cqaivaylenl amdog Sigeed 1is uced d
redued
Sred cd
Dutpet rm 77

P
AAAAm- -AAA- to

2 2A2A tricalo

CLSe)-
(MsB) Ds-
 SSMAe
Dcte
Poge

Lase 1: nhen the lnpt Is 00

Belan bgure-

esolzdtion (5tp ze)

Thesdhon a DACis dehined Us he

SmaietChenght un_urin dn
aala uipict aa rudé sta chorzein
lizitshinpt

ESDluha N a DAC s also delae as

2solzpon=
lza
S e A l l e l umeeá eps s4p size.
ys:lzton
birl aurbereps

diterentlaveleyillbe arlAa niney

iapss
ACCUuy
Tcurety a Dtc_is_2walhySeatiac
in Term
lingczn_esaoI
 eASSMAte
Date
Pugs

e MainnuO
A1l
u sale éarar s
Coviction O e DCs Oupret brong its
recpected valte.

is he Merm de viahso
h lipasih EDra
Th amaloq autpu fromfhe iceel orltzt
HO

Settling time
The goahne, eed ot a DACis 2sal y
Specifed by ivrs ibs Sathny fime.
TTEs debined as otel Anc baripyh
in Stbtaken _eligutul_/nPut_ClYeS ant
me thet the Outpet ytors a
SAeGihaclOnor kad

t a t Vatuge
Ldgaly, eoltput of aDAC Shoeald se r o
Wn he piUrz_ InyDut is 2Oro

LPrucha, hoo1er there a veny_srel

yutyp ltzye_Urelor_his Siuuthálett

Monotoniaiy
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A DAC5 aid te be. Monobnic ifks Odptd

neUse as he binan inp sacemesd
fAom Oe. Vale b henast

This Mans h e he Aicase Ouetpu_wull Lee

n edownware Steps ha boizamy it

empeoature Sshvty

lhe analag. Outp olage tor anpLLKed

ligitlInput_plasies Vh_teipentnL.
Exqmple
An3 bt DAC_pmdales Vout005Vtor
digital inprt ooog.
Find e fil -Sale Oupu
ahed 15 te esabtho

l s a l eoutpub:SepsizexNa.dshps
O05K C28- 1) = 0oS X 2Ss
1225/

Desoltion= xloas=
255

Vot tor_qn input too10 10) O u e s o-a

2 1ov
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DA Converter binuny Waghkl

2. Explain
esistos
CMsB) R AAA=

C58)

The diaueim O He weighted.-esispr DAC

is_Shown_jn igure.

Th opezef6nal Cmphter is, Led ogochce

a oleighted sum at the dig1tal jap
Mere hL_uCights_cge popant k Negh
t h u b t posefions_ Ot npuls

n ce e Pceipmp is Cnnecfed as d
n tinly 2lteyCach inpt is amphhe
by a fecbz equl_ b e u i o 1 h
f2edhacK WsiS22

he Msg D, 1s dnplked by AallPIS

Cnph.h ed by R/RPr is cub k k/tA
nd Do he SB IS anyplify bs
The invertinep ferinad epamp_in Água
Uts qs VVtrad ound

Vout 2
L

The Main discalantge tis ryezd PE is

het tu_dilherend ualved preciaion zerishr
Mast_be UOd foy egchbt poston atha
digt legia
Ehample.

Thu_beighk of each inpt bitf K: isgPuk

CMe_o ancd _SV

dl -scade Opd iÉA -R= LkL

Solion
G VISB_ PasES Wfha gain-OF 2
So its eight=sy
Dext bEsen bha gain at 2

he tllouihy otasos Wih a 2auat _24

So sdeisht=22
he Ls pases t i qguin p
Sa tbeight -621
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(b)heretose, the d SaleOutpt nlon

A R 2kl
-9375V
Vonta(5tjtz3}
3Explain Courter type t/D Convator

Analg orbrol

Canpae

drh

Ste ihas e Dgiil

feserdhace OHpt
Votaig
h i s i s a Simplest type ot The AD Convaztes

enploys a binin, Countes d oltage Comppt

a C o n o l LircAit n ND zate. latha antl
aDLA Cones
s a l s s calleda dugitelramp DC, ÞacLs
piedrefan c Ciutod DAC iS
SHp by stee Bamp

Tho analog siqnalse Conretel is_apliecl

fa fhe 1n-jnebry teminad t e sp-une
Onjd gtot
Th Orutput di DAC 5 2pled h hinvei
Terminad t He op-dnip
leneen he mkg inpt Sgnal k eEÁge

th De 5 greater hen iu dnateSigre,

he Compazat OuptA San e un dcie.

Inseha Aaalag_inynt Ps lagaa Thay_The

L2npuscbs s_hgh and AeTe,IK

Pdlsés_ae znshiHad
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These biay states are Convezted into

etenc dhao Voltoge: by he DHC.

helouney_ LornttneS o adne_to

COne Stte to te rant Piodudy SUeIL
argosteps _in_he e t e O Veltay2

hhen the SHaixcse Qutpabltage

edches He tlue fhefhe anaos sgnal
ompraeclhr Outpus_alow 'and He
HND Jde lisabled.

The Lourt it reached is hdigital

Cuc PIJOstional to tZe ancllog inpt
heCoapollqic_loche hebinny a t no
The latchs ancl esets hL Óurta
he 0eolutoy_d his ADC jS equal to he
eOlh62_ A DAcjtcortins
esatuhan
his type_ofConenay is Consideaed
e inCOmpaadison _(Ni#h_hN-
types
The prinial disadupukeye this tyreat
conet
Lis_fhettheConeni tine deperds ona
Mugino o edaaoq inpm
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4Explain uczessie cppoXimatostpe

ADC
he SuLCeSSIve -aRp0ximahonCnrees
sidely U Yes
OF A
has a much shotfer Conezsion ime hhe
e ote tye, ith ths eAeplian_ot the
Pdeealel type

aso hus a byed_tonvsion_tne hich is

p t clpLendert ga h_Lelse_at ha anulay-
pui

-CK
Prel COntzol START
EOC

AeiiSter
M:e LS
Binu 0tkaut

DAC

VAX
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ignehows tusc ploch drtgaan

a
a
HDC
b i t Sulaessile -anpoxiDRhon tyre

Conis/sot a DHC,an Od'et regustN

Compacb del 0ntro Ncuitay or
ogic
The basic opeBationiS IS kollons:

7he bis o DnC e encblccl Ont cta

|ane, arhny ith ke MsB,
As euch bt is enabled he Conpasce
produes an upu het imdics
leath hs h arnubg inpet Lolttpe is
Teto or les fhem he Oltpu bu

TFhe PIA Oulpul isgreder then he

Cmabo Input he copasap Oulpats
Lonauusiv he bit in he Corol
0egiste b 2eset

ZPhe DIA Output is less e n t e

nputte Cmpaadb oulpt i's lhzh cmag
an
b i i yeftied in the Contool
zeqiSÍer
Thesyste enbls hUSB ias hen the
nekt sgnitkart bt and o On
Aferal the bis gt h DAC have Leen
tied tae Como ko? ycle is
coMplet2-.
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Lheparocessiny oteach bit tekes ne chock

Cycle SO the otl Convesion Ame po an
-bitAhpe ADC vll_be N Cbck Cy.

Eplain Dueslop type_A|D converte

The Duel-slpe Conterter g4e sloWest
Converton but_s eahvely_jnexpersive
becuse i4_does _not_euire PPaSLSN
LOmpOnents Sych as DAC Ox VCO2

Hmathe_Adsiarkge cettsat1ot h daed-slee

ADC s i low Sensihnb }o noice cod o
1/w@1ions inIts componut Nhe uLed
byteperrtie churg2s
oBease i s lange Convegio2ime, Ka
dataacguisition cyPphcaion
he Majoy appliations_af fhis tyee
Cenerter age in Ztaul Lotpmeters,
Vaineton_etc.heresBoyconezioN_
motu problem
crg
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IÍS_UeS
iosL i sHed pst enOUJh
ladiey
ZeSiste4 p_Sigz ls h e i g Lon
requncien

Edual-slepe #pE_2ea _an aperahanal

Cmplhier binteide th mdhg_inpk.

Thu Outpat o hejatega.cko i a 2/p

NloseS4ope i Propo rione the
inyatSignal En. Since Tk_Canaports
A ancl Cae hxed

T he _aan_is aloried p onhnue Dr

qHxed hM tL eltteza treaches in_he4
depnads_onthe slope h mp.

Confral

CODET
R Contot

CBntn-
Cotrer
EREE
CLk

Outipn
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h e basic pincipu ge peinderrehy ADc.is

thet,
Loltueu yealed by he amp Conbals he
leneth fime Hhd Ha binen_Counte
En fhe clual-sloe ADC,huo 1ntaprlhons d e
ReAoamed

Assune thuthe Counter is esent and he

utput t the nteglb_is zao
Jhe qcCuAc f the Countep does not olepenl
AAe Valsies_at t h ntefmin Conapons
Cr up0n Cy Chsgos (NA

he aCCacy cloes epenl gnEpec:Sa The-

Defence ataepg ShOudd be ven pxecise_