Question 1: History of Compilers?

Answer:

The first Autocode and compiler in the modern sense were developed by Alick Glennie in 1952
at the University of Manchester for the Mark 1 computer. The FORTRAN team led by John W. Backus at
IBM introduced the first commercially available compiler, in 1957. COBOL was an early language to be
compiled on multiple architectures, in 1960.

Early compilers were written in assembly language. The first self-hosting compiler —capable of
compiling its own source code in a high-level language — was createdfor Lisp by Tim Hart and Mike Levin
at MIT in 1962. Since the 1970s it has become common practice to implement a compiler in the
language it compiles, although both Pascal and C have been popular choices for implementation
language.

Question 2: Differnece between Compiler & Interpreter?

Answer:

Compiler Interpreter

1) Compiler converts a program into machine 1) Interpreter converts a program into

code as a whole. machine code statement by statement

2) Compiler creates object code file. 2) Interpreter does not create object

3) Program execution is fast. file code.

4) Compiler displays syntax errors after 0 3) Program Execution is slow.

compiling the whole program. 4) Interpreter diplays the syntax error

on each statement of Program.

Question 3: New Architecture of Computers?

Answer:

The basic physical organization of a modern computer, based on the von Neumann architecture
model, comprises 5 units, memory, control unit, arithmetic-&-logic unit, input, and output. The central
processing unit (CPU) comprises control and arithmetic-&-logic units.