Solution of first order differential equation by various method

Third Method:

Homogeneous Equation:
A de of first order and first degree is said to be homogenenous if it can be put in the form

dy y
 f( )
dx x

Problem.1.
Solve the de x 2 y dx  ( x 3  y 3 ) dy  0

Sol: Given, x 2 y dx  ( x 3  y 3 )dy  0

dy x2 y
  3
dx x  y 3

dy dv
putting, y  vx  vx then the equation becomes,
dx dx
dv x 2 .vx
vx  3 3 3
dx x  v x
dv v
vx 
dx 1  v 3
dv v
x  v
dx 1  v 3
dv v4
 x  [ ]
dx 1  v3
dx 1  v3
  [ 4 ]dv
x v
dx 1 1
  [ 4  ]dv
x v v

Integrating we get,
1
ln x  3  ln v  c
3v
 1
 ln vx  c
3v 3
1
 ln y  c
y 3
3( ) [putting the value of v]
x
x3
 ln y  3  c
3y
Problem.2.

dy y y 2
Solve the de 2  
dx x x 2

dy y y 2
Sol: Given, 2  
dx x x 2

dy xy  y 2
 
dx 2x 2

dy dv
let, y  vx  vx
dx dx

putting these value in the given equation,

dv x.vx  v 2 x 2
vx 
dx 2x2
dv v  v 2
x  v
dx 2
dv v 2  v
x 
dx 2
dx 2
 [ 2 ] dv
x v v
dx 2 dv
 
x v(v  1)
dx 1 1
  2(  ) dv
x v 1 v

Integrating we get,

v 1
ln x  2 ln  ln c
v
 2
 v 1
 x  c
 v 
2
 y 1 [putting the value of v]
 
 x x  c
 y 
 x 

2
y2  y  x 
 x.   c
x2  x 
 xy 2  ( y  x) 2 c

Problem.3.
dy
Solve the de ( x 2  y 2 )  xy
dx

dy
Sol: Given, (x2  y2 )  xy
dx

dy xy
  2
dx x  y 2

dy dv
Let, y  vx  vx
dx dx

dv xvx
Now, v  x  2
dx x  v 2 x 2

dv v
vx 
dx 1  v 2
dv v
 x  v
dx 1  v 2
dv v3
 x 
dx 1  v2
dx 1  v2
  ( 3 ) dv
x v
dx 1 1
  ( 3  ) dv
x v v

Now, integrating we get,

 1
ln x  ln c  (  ln v)
2v 2
1
 ln x  ln v  ln c  2
2v
1

 ln xvc  ln e 2 v
2

 xvc  e 2v2

x2
2 y2
 cy  e [putting the value of y  vx]

Problem.4.
dy y 2
Solve the de x  y
dx x

dy y 2
Sol: Given, x  y
dx x

dy
 x2  y 2  xy
dx
 x 2 dy  ( y 2  xy) dx  0

dy dv
Let, y  vx  vx
dx dx

dv
Now, x 2 (v  x )  v 2 x 2  x.vx
dx

 vx 2 dx  x 3 dv  v 2 x 2 dx  vx 2 dx  0
 x 3 dv  v 2 x 2 dx  0
 x 2 ( xdv  v 2 dx)  0
 xdv  v 2 dx  0
dv dx
 2  0
v x

Integrating we get,

1
  ln x  ln c  0
v
 1
 ln cx 
v
1
 ln cx  ln e v
1
 cx  e v
x

 e  cx
y
[putting the value of y  vx]

Problem.5.
Solve the de ( x 2  y 2 ) dx  2 xy dy  0

Sol: Given that, ( x 2  y 2 ) dx  2 xy dy  0

dy y 2  x 2
   (1)
dx 2 xy

dy dv
Putting y  vx  v x
dx dx

dv v 2 x 2  x 2
vx 
dx 2 x.vx
dv v 1
2
v 2  1  2v 2
x  v 
dx 2v 2v
dv  (v  1)
2
x 
dx 2v
dx 2v
  2 dv
Now, from (1) x (v  1)
  ln x  ln c  ln(v 2  1)
 ln c  ln x  ln(v 2  1)
 c  x(v 2  1)
y2 x2  y2
 c  x(  1 ) 
x2 x
 cx  x  y
2 2

Which is the required solution.

Exercise:

1. Solve xdy  ydx  ( x 2  y 2 ) dx

2. Solve ( x 2  y 2 )dx  2 xydy

 dy 2 y3
3. Solve  y 3
dx x x

4. Solve x( x  y )dy  y 2 dx  0