REASONING SKILLS

and
APTITUDE TESTS
for Home Learning
Book 5
REASONING SKILLS
and
APTITUDE TESTS
for Home Learning
Book 5
 HOW THIS BOOK WILL HELP YOU

Staying home and practising social distancing are

simple yet decisive ways in which we all contribute to
the epic battle against the Covid-19 pandemic.
School closure is indeed the heavy price students
and teachers have to pay as a result. However, this is
no reason for learning to stop. As a committed
provider of educational content, Viva Education has
taken extraordinary steps to make learning
accessible to every student via online means. We
have released the vast range of online learning
material on VivaDigital.in to learners and educators
for unrestricted use.

Continuing this effort, we are proud to present our

series Reasoning Skills and Aptitude Tests for Home
Learning, classes 1 to 8, which have been specially
compiled for remote learning and teaching.The
content is designed in the self-assessment format
and requires hardly any teacher supervision. We
wish you safety and good health as you hone your
skills with these books.
 1 Geometry

INTRODUCTION
Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with shapes and figures of various
objects we come across in our daily life. The word ‘geometry’ comes from two greek
words, ‘geo’ and ‘metros’ which mean ‘earth’ and ‘measurement’ respectively. So,
basically all the measurements of earth come under geometry.
Let us learn about various concepts involved in geometry.
1. Point: Point is the specific location or position in a plane. Point defines the origin of
something in geometry.
∑A
∑B
2. Line: Line is a straight curve which has neither a starting point nor any ending
point.

A B
3. Ray: A ray is a straight curve having starting point but no ending point.
Example: Sun rays.

P Ray Q
4. Line Segment: Line segment is a part of line having definite starting point and
ending point.

x Line segment y
This means a line segment has a definite length.
Angle: When two rays meet at a point, they form an angle at the common point. The
common point at which the angle is formed is called the vertex of an angle. Angles
are measured in degrees.
Depending on the measure of angle, it is classified as:
(i) Acute Angle: The angle, which measures greater than 0° but less than 90°, is called
an acute angle.

1
 (ii) Obtuse Angle: The angle, which measures greater than 90° but less than 180°, is
called an obtuse angle.

(iii) Right Angle: The angle, which is equal to 90°, is called a right angle.

(iv) Straight Angle: The angle measuring 180° is called a straight angle.

Triangle: Triangle is the figure which is made by three line segments when they are
joined with each other. A triangle consists of three angles and three line segments
having definite length. The total sum of three angles of a triangle is always 180°.
ABC is a triangle having three sides AB, BC and AC and also three vertices A, B and C.
The three angles of the triangle ABC are –ABC, –BAC and –ACB.
(i) Equilateral Triangle: The triangle in which all sides are equal to one another in length
and each angle measures 60° is called an equilateral triangle.

(ii) Isosceles Triangle: The triangle in which any two sides are equal to each other in
length and their opposite angles are also equal is called an isosceles triangle.

(iii) Scalene Triangle: The triangle in which all the three sides are unequal and so are the
three angles is called a scalene triangle.

2
Quadrilateral: A quadrilateral is a closed figure which comprises four sides and four
angles. The sum of angles of quadrilateral is equal to 360°. There are different types
of quadrilateral depending on their properties.
(i) Square: A square is a closed figure consisting of four sides, which are equal to one
another; and each angle is equal to 90°.

Here, ABCD is a square. Thus, AB = BC = CD = AD. Also, each of the angles A, B, C

and D is equal to 90°.
Area of square = Side ¥ Side
Perimeter of square = 4 ¥ Side
(ii) Rectangle: A rectangle is a quadrilateral which consists of four sides. Opposite sides
are equal to each other. Each angle is equal to 90°.

Here AB = CD and AD = BC.

Also each of the four angles A, B, C and D is equal to 90°.
Area of rectangle = Length ¥ Breadth = AB ¥ AD = CD ¥ BC
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 ¥ (Length + Breadth) = 2 ¥ (AB + AD) = 2 ¥ (CD + BC)

3
 (iii) Parallelogram: It is a closed quadrilateral in which opposite sides are parallel and
equal to each other.
Here AB = CD and AD = BC
Also, AB is parallel to CD and AD is parallel to BC.

(iv) Rhombus: It is a closed four side figure in which all sides are equal to each other.
Diagonals of a rhombus cut each other at an angle of 90°.

Example 1. Fill in the blanks.

(i) Angle 35° is a/an ............ angle.
(a) acute (b) obtuse (c) right (d) straight
Explanation: (a): 35° is less than 90°. Thus, it is an acute angle.
(ii) Angle 90° is a/an ............ angle.
(a) obtuse (b) right (c) acute (d) straight
Explanation: (b): It is equal to 90°. Thus, it is a right angle.
(iii) Angle 120° is a/an ............ angle.
(a) acute (b) obtuse (c) right (d) straight

4
Explanation: (b): 120° is greater than 90° and less than 180°. Thus,
it is an obtuse angle.
(iv) Angle 180° is a/an ............ angle.

(a) obtuse (b) right (c) acute (d) straight

Explanation: (d): It is equal to 180°. Thus, it is a straight angle.

Example 2. A quadrilateral has ............ angles, ............ diagonals,

............ sides and ............ vertices.
(a) 4,4,4,4 (b) 4,4,4,2 (c) 4,2,4,4 (d) 4,2,4,2

Explanation: (c): Quadrilateral has 4 angles, 2 diagonals, 4 sides and

4 vertices.
Example 3. If the measure of two angles of a triangle are 65° and
45°, then the measure of the third angle is
(a) 45° (b) 70° (c) 65° (d) 100°

Explanation: (b): Sum of all three angles of a triangle is 180°.

Therefore, 65° + 45° + third angle = 180°
110° + third angle = 180°
Third angle = 180° – 110° = 70°

5
 Exercise
1. An angle whose measure is greater than 90° but less than 180° is
called an/a .................. .
(a) Acute angle (b) Obtuse angle
(c) Right angle (d) Straight angle
2. An angle whose measure is 90° is called an/a .................. .
(a) Obtuse angle (b) Right angle
(c) Acute angle (d) Straight angle
3. What is the perimeter of a triangle ABC with sides AB = 7.6 cm, BC
= 4.5 cm and CA = 6.3 cm?
(a) 18.9 cm (b) 19 cm (c) 18.4 cm (d) 20 cm
4. If in a triangle LMN, –L = 80°, –M = 50°, then –N is equal to
(a) 55° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 40°
5. A point where two sides of triangle meet is known as a .................. .
(a) Edge (b) Diagonal (c) Vertex (d) Angle
6. Each angle of an equilateral triangle is .................. .
(a) 50° (b) 70° (c) 60° (d) 80°
7. A triangle whose two sides are of equal length is known as ..................
triangle.
(a) Equilateral (b) Scalene (c) Isosceles (d) Exterior
8. Find the unknown angle x in the quadrilateral
given here.
(a) 110° (b) 120°
(c) 130° (d) 150°
6
 9. A rhombus has all its .................. equal.
(a) Angles (b) Sides
(c) Diagonals (d) None of these
10. Each angle of a rectangle is equal to .................. .
(a) 60° (b) 90° (c) 120° (d) 40°
11. A parallelogram whose all sides are equal and each angle is equal
to 90° is called a .................. .
(a) Rectangle (b) Trapezium (c) Rhombus (d) Square
12. What is the area of the square whose each side is 40 cm?
(a) 140 cm2 (b) 200 cm2 (c) 1600 cm2 (d) 180 cm2
13. What is the area of the rectangular field whose length is 100 m
and breadth is 76 m?
(a) 352 m2 (b) 7600 m2 (c) 176 m2 (d) 4500 m2
14. Find the odd one out.
(a) Square (b) Rhombus (c) Triangle (d) Rectangle
15. What is the perimeter of a square whose each side is equal to
4 cm?
(a) 20 cm (b) 16 cm (c) 24 cm (d) 30 cm
16. What is the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 5 cm and
breadth is 4 cm?
(a) 20 cm (b) 19 cm (c) 18 cm (d) 15 cm
17. A carpet is 6 m long and 4.5 m wide. What is the area of that carpet?
(a) 60 m2 (b) 25 m2 (c) 27 m2 (d) 29 m2
18. Find the area of a square towel whose each side is 80 cm.
(a) 1500 cm2 (b) 6400 cm2 (c) 1400 cm2 (d) 1200 cm2
19. Find the side of a square whose perimeter is 36 cm.
(a) 5 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 9 cm

7
20. Which sides in the following figure are parallel?
S V

T U
(a) ST and VU, TU and SV (b) SU and VT, TS and UV
(c) SV and UT, TV and SU (d) ST and TU, SV and UV
21. Which property is incorrect about rectangle?

(a) All angles of rectangles are equal to 90°.

(b) Diagonals of rectangle are equal to each other.
(c) Opposite sides of rectangle are equal.
(d) Sum of all angles of a rectangle is 180°.
22. Kite is an example of .................. .

(a) Square (b) Rectangle (c) Rhombus (d) Triangle

23. When two sides meet at a corner, they form an/a .................. .

(a) Angle (b) Side (c) Line (d) Ray

24. The angle that measures 30° is a/an .................. .

(a) Obtuse angle (b) Straight angle

(c) Acute angle (b) Right angle
25. The sum of all angles of a quadrilateral is always .................. .

(a) 270° (b) 180° (c) 360° (d) 90°

26. Which of the following is largest in measure?

(a) Obtuse angle (b) Acute angle

(c) Right angle (d) Straight angle
8
27. Which of the following is not a property of an equilateral triangle?
(a) All angles are equal to 60°. (b) All sides are equal.
(c) One angle is obtuse. (d) All angles are acute.
28. Which of the following is not a property of a scalene triangle?
(a) All angles are different. (b) All sides are different.
(c) Sum of all angles is 180°. (d) Two sides are equal.
29. The diagonals of a rhombus cut each other at an angle of ................ .
(a) 70° (b) 90° (c) 60° (d) 180°
30. Which of the following is not a parallelogram?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Brain Booster

Find the perimeter of both figures.

9
 2 Direction Sense Test

INTRODUCTION
Direction Sense deals with the measurement of the position or displacement of an
element or a thing with respect to another.
There are four main directions: East, West, North and South as shown below.

W E

There are four cardinal directions: North-East (N-E), North-West (N-W), South-East
(SE), and South-West (S-W) as shown below.

N
(N–W) (N–E)

W E

(S–W) (S–E)
S

Shadows and Formation

During sunrise:
(i) If a person is facing the Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in the West.
(ii) If a person is facing the South, the shadow will be towards his right.
(iii) If a person is facing the West, the shadow will be towards his front.
(iv) If a person is facing the North, the shadow will be towards his left.

10
During sunset:
(i) If a person is facing the Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in East.
(ii) If a person is facing the North, the shadow will be towards his right.
(iii) If a person is facing the East, the shadow will be towards his front.
(iv) If a person is facing the South, the shadow will be towards his left.
Note: When it is 12:00 p.m. at noon, there is no formation of shadow as the sun rays
are vertically downward.
For more clarification, let us see some examples.

Example 1. One morning after sunrise, Sneha, while going to

school met Siddhie at the school bus stand. Siddhie
shadow was exactly to the right of Sneha. If they were
face to face, which direction was Sneha facing?
(a) North (b) West (c) South (d) East
Explanation: (c): In the morning, sun rises in the east.
N

W E

So, in the morning the shadow falls towards the west.

Now, Siddhie’s shadow falls to the right of the Sneha.
Hence Sneha is facing south.
Example 2. Yogesh is facing north. He turns 45 degree in the
clockwise direction, then another 180 degree in
the same direction and then 45 degree in the anti-
clockwise direction. Find which direction he is facing
now.
(a) North (b) East (c) West (d) South
11
Explanation: (d):
North
A
B

West East
O

D
South

Yogesh first faces the direction OA. On moving 45

degree clockwise, he faces the direction OB. Again he
moves 180 degree clockwise, he will be facing OC. From
here he moves 45 degree anti-clockwise, finally facing
OD, which is the south direction.

12
 Exercise
1. If south-east becomes north, north-east becomes west and so on,
what will west become?
(a) North-East (b) North-West (c) South-East (d) South-West
2. A girl was going towards west. Then, she turned left and again turned
90° in clockwise direction. In which direction was she going now?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
3. One morning after sunrise, Suresh was standing facing a pole. The
shadow of the pole fell exactly to his right. Which direction was
he facing?
(a) East (b) West
(c) South (d) Data is inadequate
4. Rahul puts his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 p.m.,
hour hand points to north. In which direction the minute hand will
point at 9.15 p.m.?
(a) South-East (b) South (c) North (d) West
5. One morning after sunrise Aditi and Harshita were talking to each
other face to face at a crossing. If Harshita’s shadow was exactly
to the right of Aditi, which direction Harshita was facing?
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) Data is inadequate
6. Raman is performing yoga with his head down and legs up. His face
is towards the west. In which direction will his left hand be?
(a) North (b) North-East (c) East (d) West
7. A man walks from point X in the north direction. He takes right turn,
then he takes left turn and again takes left turn. Which direction
is he facing now?
(a) East (b) West
(c) South (d) None of these
13
 8. One morning Ram and Shyam were talking to each other sitting
opposite to each other. It was observed that Ram’s shadow fell to
his right. Then, which direction was he facing?
(a) East (b) South (c) North (d) West
9. One morning Udai and Vishal were talking to each other face to face
at a crossing. If Vishal’s shadow was exactly to the left of Udai,
which direction was Udai facing?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
10. Y is in the east of X which is in the north of Z. If P is in the south
of Z, then in which direction of Y is P?
(a) North (b) South (c) South-East (d) South-West
11. If south-west becomes north, north-west becomes east and so on.
What will north become?
(a) North-East (b) North-West
(c) South-East (d) South-West
12. One evening before sunset, Veena and Aasha were talking to each
other face to face. If Aasha’s shadow was exactly to the right of
her, which direction was Veena facing?
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
13. You go to north, turn right, then turn right again and then to the
left. In which direction are you now?
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
14. A river flows west to east and the way turns left and goes in a semi
circle round. It then turns left at right angles. In which direction
is the river finally flowing?
(a) West (b) East (c) North (d) South
15. One morning Salman and Steve were talking to each other face to
face at a crossing. If Salman faced north, where did Steve’s shadow
fall?
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
14
16. Vijay started from a place. After walking for a kilometer, he turns
to the left, then walks for a half kilometer. and again turns to left.
Now, he is going eastward. In which direction did he originally
start?
(a) West (b) East (c) South (d) North
17. L is to south-west of K, M is to the east of L and south-east of K and
N is to the north of M is in line with L and K. In which direction of
K is N located?
(a) North (b) East (c) South-East (d) North-East
18. If south-east becomes north, north-east becomes west and so on,
what will south become?
(a) North-East (b) South-West
(c) South (d) North-West
19. I run along the sides of a square field ABCD where C is to the
north-east of A and D is to the south-east of B. Starting from A in
anti-clockwise direction, which direction shall I be running in after
crossing C?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
20. Vimal walks northwards. After a while, he turns to his right and
a little further to his left. Finally, after walking a distance of one
kilometre, he turns to his left again. Which direction is he moving
in now?
(a) North (b) South (c) West (d) East
21. If A is to the south of B and C is to the east of B, which direction is
A in with respect to C?
(a) North-East (b) North-West
(c) South-East (d) South-West
22. Mohit goes in west direction and reaches point A. Then he takes left
and reaches point B. Then he takes left again and reaches point C.
Now he faces which direction?
(a) East (b) North (c) West (d) East
15
23. Facing towards south, Ram started walking and turned left after
walking 30 m. Then, he walked 25 m, turned left and walked
another 30 m. How far is he from his starting position and in which
direction?
(a) At the starting point only (b) 25 m, West
(c) 25 m, East (d) 30 m, East
24. A man is facing towards west and turns through 45° clockwise, again
180° clockwise and then turns through 270° anti-clockwise. Which
direction is he facing now?
(a) West (b) North-West
(c) North (d) South-West
25. A clock is placed at 12 noon with its minute hand pointing towards
north-east. To which direction does its hour hand point at
1:30 p.m.?
(a) North (b) East (c) South (d) West
26. It’s 3 o’clock in a watch. If the minute hand points towards the
north-east, then the hour hand will point towards
(a) South-West (b) South-East
(c) North-West (d) North-East
27. Of the five friends A, B, C, D and E standing close to each other, A is
to the west of B, C is to the south of A, E is to the north of B and D
is to the east of E. Then C is in which direction with respect to D?
(a) South-East (b) South-West
(c) North-West (d) North-East
28. Sonu goes north, turns right and again turns right, then goes to the
left. In which direction is Sonu now?
(a) South (b) West (c) North (d) East
16
29. A dog runs 20 m towards east, turns to right, runs 10 m and turns
to right. Then, runs 9 m and again turns to left. Then, it run 5 m,
turns to left and runs 12 m. Finally, turns to left and runs 6 m.
Which direction is the dog facing now?
(a) South (b) West (c) North (d) East
30. Rajesh is facing north. He turns 45 degree in the clockwise
direction, then another 180 degree in the same direction and then
45 degree in the anti-clockwise direction. Find the direction he is
facing now.
(a) North (b) East (c) South (d) West
31. Himanshu started from point ‘P’ and proceeded 5 km straight towards
east. Then he turned left and proceeded straight for a distance
of 8 km. He then turned left again and proceeded straight for a
distance of 4 km. Then he turned left again and proceeded straight
for another 8 km. In which direction is Himanshu from his starting
point?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
32. Village Fazalpur is 20 km to the north of village Pahasu. Village
Shikarpur is 18 km to the east of village Pahasu. Village Bandi is 12
km to the west of Fazalpur. If Kailash starts from village Shikarpur
and goes to village Bandi, in which direction is he from his starting
point?
(a) North (b) North-West
(c) South (d) South-East
33. A squirrel runs 20 m towards east and turns to right. Then, it runs
10 m and turns to right; runs 9 m and again turns to left; runs 5 m
and then turns to left; runs 12 m and finally turns to left and runs
6 m. Now, which direction is the squirrel facing?
(a) East (b) West (c) North (d) South
17
34. A policeman left his police post and proceeded south 4 km on
hearing a loud sound from point P. On reaching the place, he heard
another sound and proceeded 4 km to his left to the point Q. From
Q he proceeded left to reach another place R, 4 km away. Which
direction he has to go in to reach his police post?
(a) North (b) South (c) East (d) West
35. A watch reads 4:30. If the minute hand points east, which direction
will the hour hand point in?
(a) North-East (b) South-East (c) North-West (d) North
36. Lalit was driving his car a distance of 40 km to south. He then turned
to the right and drove 15 km, turned right again and drove 50
km. Turning to the right then, he drove another 15 km. Finally, he
turned to the left at an angle of 45° and drove. In which direction
was he driving his car finally?
(a) South-East (b) South-West (c) North-East (d) North-West

Brain Booster
Rohan starts from a place A towards north and reaches place B.
From there he turns towards north-west and reaches place C.
He then turns towards south-west and walks to a place D. From
there, he turns towards north-west and finally reaches place E.
Which of the following figures shows the movement of Rohan?
C C
E E B
B
(a) (b)
D
D
A A

C E C

D
(c) B (d) B
D
A E A

18
 Answers

CHAPTER 1
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c)
7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (c)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b)
19. (d) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c)
25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (c)
Brain Booster: (i) 44 cm (ii) 44 cm

CHAPTER 2
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a)
7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (b)
13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (a)
19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (d)
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (a) 36. (c)
Brain Booster: (a)

19