Solid - liquid extraction_3

Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 2

• Flow rates of streams : F‘ (feed) , S‘ ( solvent) , L' ( underflow ) and V' ( overflow) on solid free
basis ( Carrier A is not consider in total mass)

• mass fraction of A :

mass of solid
Z=
mass of non solid ( solvent + solute)
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 3
• Material balance equations are:

solid free material balance F   S   L  V   M  (9.6)

F '  solute   S '  solvent   L' ( solvent  solute )Underflow  V ' ( solvent  solute )Overflow
 total mixture( without solid )

Solid balance

F Z F   S Z S   LZ L  V ZV   M Z M  (9.7)  solid 

 non-solid× non-solid 
 i

i  feed , solvent , underflow , overflow

Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 4
• From the above 9.6 and 9.7 equations,

F Z F   S Z S 
ZM  (9.8)
F   S

Z M   Fraction of total solid in mixture M '

ZL vs XC
total solid total kg solid
ZM = 
solvent+solute total kg non-solid

• Underflow and overflow curves are drawn from

given data
ZV vs YC
ZL vs XC Underflow

ZV vs YC Overflow
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 5
• Point F' ( ZF’, XCF’ ) located xC xA
XC = ZL =
x B + xC x B + xC
Feed
xCF' x
X CF' =  CF'  1 Feed is solvent free
x BF'  = 0  + xCF' xCF' ( ZF’, XCF’=1)

ZL vs XC
x AF' x AF'
Z F' = 
x BF' (= 0) + xCF' xCF'

 kg solid   kg solid 
Z F'    =  
 kg non-solid feed  kg solute feed
ZV vs YC

( ZS’ =0 ,YCS’ =0)

Pure solvent
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 6

• Point S' ( ZS’ ,YCS’ ) located

Solvent: solvent is pure; oil (solute) and solid free ( ZF’, XCF’=1)

ZL vs XC
yCS' ( 0) yC
YCS' = 0 YC =
yBS' ( 1) + yCS' ( 0) yB + yC

y AS' ( 0) yA
Z S' = 0 ZV =
yBS' ( 1) + yCS' ( 0) yB + yC ZV vs YC

( ZS’ =0 ,YCS’ =0)

Pure solvent
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 7
• point M' located on line S'F' using ZM’ value from
Eq 9.8

F Z F   S Z S 
ZM  (9.8)
F   S

ZL vs XC
• Vertical tie line through M' is drawn
L’

• intersecting point of tie line with overflow curve

gives point V’ and underflow curve gives L’

ZV vs YC

• solute concentrations in overflow and underflow

obtained from V’ and L’ points V’
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Ponchon-Savarit Diagram 8
• Point V’ gives in overflow
• solute concentration = yCV’

• Point L’ gives in underflow

• solute concentration = xCL’
ZL vs XC

• amounts of overflow and underflow can be L’

obtained by material balance equations 9.6 and
9.7

ZV vs YC

V’
EXAMPLE (Solid-liquid extraction in single - stage batch contactor ) 9
• One thousand Kilograms of crushed oil seed ( 19.5% oil, 80.5% meal ) is extracted with 1500 Kg
of 'pure' hexane in a batch extraction vessel. Calculate the fraction of the oil extracted using
the 'Ponchon-Savarit diagram'. The equilibrium data given.

Overflow(100 kg), solution Underflow(100 kg), slurry

WA (kg) WB (kg) WC(kg) W'A (kg) W'B(kg) W'C(kg)

0.3 99.7 0.0 67.2 32.8 0.0

0.45 90.6 8.95 67.1 29.94 2.96
0.54 84.54 14.92 66.93 28.11 4.96
0.70 74.47 24.83 66.58 25.06 8.36
0.77 69.46 29.77 66.26 23.62 10.12
0.91 60.44 38.65 65.75 20.9 13.35
0.99 54.45 44.56 65.33 19.07 15.6
1.19 44.46 54.35 64.39 16.02 19.59
1.28 38.50 60.22 63.77 14.13 22.10
1.28 34.55 64.17 63.23 12.87 23.90
1.48 24.63 73.89 61.54 9.61 28.85
Calculation using the Ponchon –Savarit Diagram 10

Given :

For feed (on solid free basis)

F' = amount of non solid in feed  1000  0.195 = 195 kg

XCF' = mass fraction of solute in feed on solid free basis

kg  solute  feed 195

XCF' = = 1
kg ( solvent + solute)feed 195

kg  solid  feed 805

Z F' = =  4.13
kg  non solid ( solvent + solute)feed 195
Calculation using the Ponchon –Savarit Diagram 11

Given

For solvent (on solid free basis)

S’=1500 YCS’ = 0 (because feed solvent is pure or oil free)

ZS’ = 0 (solvent is free from solid)

• By material balance M’ (solid free basis) = solute + solvent= 195 + 1500 = 1695 kg

• Solid fraction in mixture M’

Z F' = 4.13
F ' ZF '  S ' ZS'
Z M'  ZS’ = 0
M'
195  4.13  1500  0 F' = 195 kg
Z M'   0.475
1695
Calculation using the Ponchon –Savarit Diagram 12
• Equilibrium data used to plot underflow (UF) and
overflow (OF) curve

• Points F’ (1, 4.13) and S’ (0,0) are located on diagram

• Point M’ located on line S’F’ at ZM’ = 0.475

• Vertical tie line L'V‘ drawn through point M'

Calculation using the Ponchon –Savarit Diagram 13
• Terminal points of vertical tie line L'V‘ give
intersecting points with UF and OF curves at L' and V'

• L' and V‘ points give

ZL’ = 2.03 ZV’=0

XCM’ = 0.115 = XCL’ = YCV’ ZL’ XCL’

as M’ , L’, V’ are on same vertical line

ZV’ XCV’
Calculation using the Ponchon –Savarit Diagram 14
• Putting values of different quantities in material balance equations 9.6 and 9.7

L  V   1695 kg F   S   L  V   M  (9.6)
F Z F   S Z S   LZ L  V ZV   M Z M  (9.7)
LZ L  V ZV   M Z M 
L  2.03  V   0  1695  0.475
1695  0.475
L   396.6
2.03

• Mass of underflow = non-solid + solid = L’ + L’ZL’ =L’ (1+ZL’) = 396.6 (1+ 2.03 ) = 1201.7 kg

V’ = M’- L’= 1695 - 396.6 = 1298.4 kg

• Mass of overflow= non-solid + solid = V’ (1+ZV’) = 1298.4 × (1+0) = 1298.4 kg ( so overflow is free
from solid)

V 'YCV ' 1298  0.115

Fraction of oil extracted =   0.765 (76.5%)
F' 195
Solid liquid extraction calculation : Crosscurrent contact 15
Three stage cross current contact unit

• Underflow (UF) from 1st stage goes to 2nd stage and UF from 2nd stage to 3rd stage

• Solvent is added individually to each stage of same or different, composition and amount

• Overflow from each stage is taken out separately

EXAMPLE 16

The extraction of 1000 kg of crushed oil seed ( 19.5% oil, 80.5% meal ) was carried out in a three-
stage cross-current unit using 500 kg 'pure' hexane solvent in each stage. Calculate the fraction
of oil that can be extracted using the 'Ponchon-Savarit diagram'. The equilibrium data given.

Overflow(100 kg), solution Underflow(100 kg), slurry

WA (kg) WB (kg) WC(kg) W'A (kg) W'B(kg) W'C(kg)
0.3 99.7 0.0 67.2 32.8 0.0
0.45 90.6 8.95 67.1 29.94 2.96
0.54 84.54 14.92 66.93 28.11 4.96
0.70 74.47 24.83 66.58 25.06 8.36
0.77 69.46 29.77 66.26 23.62 10.12
0.91 60.44 38.65 65.75 20.9 13.35
0.99 54.45 44.56 65.33 19.07 15.6
1.19 44.46 54.35 64.39 16.02 19.59
1.28 38.50 60.22 63.77 14.13 22.10
1.28 34.55 64.17 63.23 12.87 23.90
1.48 24.63 73.89 61.54 9.61 28.85
For stage 1 17

• Input streams are:

F = 1000 kg, xCF = 0.195;

S = 500 kg, yCS = 0.

• On solid-free basis are:

F' = 195 kg XCF'  1 xCF' x

X CF' =  CF'  1
Z F' =
solid

805
= 4.13 x BF'  = 0  + xCF' xCF'
non  solid 195

S' = 500
ZS' = 0 (no solid in feed solvent)
For stage 1 18

• mass and solid content of mixed stream in stage 1,

M'1 = F' + S' = 195 + 500 = 695

F ' ZF '  S ' ZS'

Z M' 
M'
195  4.13  500  0
Z M'   1.16
695

• points F‘ (1, 4.13) and S‘ (0,0) are located ZM'1 = 1.16

• point M'1 is located on line S'F' at ZM'1 = 1.16.

For stage 1 19

• Vertical Tie line L'1V'1 through M'1 is drawn.

• From the graph, ZL'1 = 1.96, ZV'1 ≈ 0

• From solid balance

L'1 Z L'1 + V1' Z V'1 = M1' Z M'1

L'1  1.96 + V1'  0 = 695  1.16

L'1 = 411 kg

V1' = M'-L'= 695-411=284 kg

For stage 2 20
• inputs to stage 2 : L'1 and S'.

L'1 = 411 kg (feed) S' = 500 kg

• Locate Feed point at L’1 (ZL'1 = 1.96), for stage 2

• S point remains same at (0,0)

• Feed line obtained joining L’1 and S’

For stage 2 21

L'1 = 411 kg (feed) S' = 500 kg

• M'2 = amount of mixed stream

M'2 = L'1 + S' = 411+500 = 911

• ZM'2 = concentration of solid in mixed stream

𝟒𝟏𝟏 𝟏.𝟗𝟔 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟎

ZM'2 = = 0.884
𝟗𝟏𝟏
For stage 2 22

• point M'2 located on Feed line L'1S’ at ZM’2 = 0.884

• Vertical tie line L'2V'2 passing through M'2 is drawn.

• From graph, ZL'2 = 2.02, ZV'2 ≈ 0.

• by a 'solid balance',

L'2ZL'2 + V'2ZV'2 = M'2ZL'2 = 805

L'2 = 398.5 kg

V'2 = 911 - 398.5 = 512.5 kg

For stage 3 23
L'2 = 398.5 kg
inputs to stage 3 : L‘2 and S'.
S’ = 500 kg

M'3 = L'2 + S' = 398.5 + 500 = 898.5 kg

𝟑𝟗𝟖.𝟓 𝟐.𝟎𝟐 + 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟎

ZM'3 = = 0.896
𝟖𝟗𝟖.𝟓

• point M'3 is located on feed line L'2 S'.

• Vertical tie line L'3V'3 is drawn through M'3.

• solute concentrations (on solid-free basis) in

streams :

XCL'3 = YCV'3 = 0.055 and ZL'3 = 2.04

For stage 3 24

from material balance,

L'3 × ZL'3 + V'3 × ZV'3 = M'3 × ZM'3

L'3 × 2.04 + V'3 ×0 = 898.5 × 0.896

L'3 = 394.6;

V'3 = 898.5 - 394.6 = 504

Mass of oil leaving with underflow from stage 3 = L'3 × XCL'3 = 394.6 × 0.055 = 21.7 kg.

195-21.7
Fractional oil recovery =  0.89 i.e. 89 %
195