UCSP
Chapter 1
●Sociology focuses on the ubiquity or the
“everythere-ness” of social forces in
unlikely forces.
●Social Forces are considered remote and
impersonal because most people have no
hand in creating them, nor do they know
anyone who do or did.
●Sociological imagination allows s o c i a l
a c t o r s t o d i s c e r n opportunities where
there is none by converting their personal
troubles into public issues
History of sociology
● Born in Europe (Germany, England, &
France) during Industrial Revolution. It
was a period that witnessed the rapid
development of industry that occured in
Britain in the late 18th and 19th century.
August Comte - Credited to be the father of
the discipline for having coined the term
sociology.
Emily Durkheim- A French social thinker,
was exceptionally instrument in the
fomalization and later recognition of
sociology as the new science of the study of
society.
Karl Marx- He produced the most scathing
critique of capitalist exploitation of the labor
class for profit.
American Anthropological Association
describes Anthropology as a science seekng
to “uncover principles of behavior that apply
to all human community” .
Anthropology focuses on human diversity
around the world. Anthropologist look at
cross-cultural differences in social
institutions, cultural beliefs, and
communication styles.
Social diversity is an ever-present and
enduring feature of all known cultures
around the world.
Theoretical musing: Sociologists attributed
the persistence and omnipresence of social
inequality to the beneficial functions it
provides for the overall operation of society.
-Anthropologists take account of the “equal
but different ways” or how people live in the
world.
Anthropology has been pejoratively called
“a child of colonization” because
discoverers of new territories were always
accompanied by missionary documenters.
Ethnography either a research design or a
specific research method where people are
observed in their natural environment rather
than in a formal research setting
The phrase “ cultural diversity ” means a
range of different societies or people of
people of different origins, religions, and
tradtions, all living and interacting together.
Political science is the systematic study of
government and politics. It makes
generalizations and analyses abut political
systems and political behavior and uses
these results to predict future behavior.
-is fascinated by the variety of their
manisfestations and map the constellations of
power relations within the different layers.
Social change is used to indicatenthe
changes that take place in human
interactions and interrelations.

Social activism consists of the efforts to

promote, inhibit, or ( r e ) direct social,
political, economic, or environmental issues
with the desire to make improvements in
society and correct social injustice/

Chapter 2
The term 'society ' was coined by social
scientists to facilitate their exploration of
social phenomena.It is a tool grasp to
complexity of the phenomenon it represents
and a means to explore its many other
dimensions hidden by its normative use.

Society is formally defined as constituting a

fairly large number of people who are living
in a same territory, are relatively indepedent
of people outside their area, and participate
in a common culture.