ECE a211

ELECTROMAGNETICS
ELECTRIC FIELD

BY ENGR. JTM
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the topic……
1. Determine the electric field due to volume charge density and
line charge density
 FIELD DUE TO A CONTINUOUS
VOLUME DISTRIBUTION
The small amount of charge ∆Q in a small volume ∆v is
∆Q = ρv ∆v
Mathematically :

The total charge within a finite volume is:

dv signifies a differential volume,

hence it requires triple integration
 EXAMPLE
Find the total charge contained in a 2-cm length of electron
beam
 SOLUTION
Integrate with respect to φ

dv cylinder = ρ dρ dφ dz
From figure:
0 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.01 Integrate with respect to z
0 ≤ φ ≤ 2π
0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.04
Integrate with respect to ρ
 DRILL PROBLEM FROM TXTBK
Calculate the total charge within the universe:
ρv = e-2r / r2

SOLUTION:

Assume that the universe is a sphere: dv = sinθ dφdθdρ

LINE CHARGE DENSITY (ρL C/m )
FIELD OF A
LINE CHARGE
FIELD OF A LINE CHARGE
FIELD OF A LINE CHARGE
 EXAMPLE
Find E at P(x,y,z)

SOLUTION:

Since ρ is the radial distance of

the point and the line, let ρ = |R|
|R| = √[(x-6)2 + (y-8)2] and
aρ = ar
R = (x-6) ax + (y-8) ay
ar = [(x-6) ax + (y-8) ay]/ √[(x-6)2 + (y-8)2]
 FIELD OF A SHEET OF CHARGE
Sheet of charge density ( ρs
C/m2 )

Charge per unit length is:

Distance of line charge to P on

the z-axis
 FIELD OF A SHEET OF CHARGE
Adding effects of all the strips
FIELD OF A SHEET OF CHARGE
 EXAMPLE

PA( 2,5,-5)
Electric field due to 3 nC/m2:
E1 = (3×10-9 / 2𝜀𝑜) aN = 169.5 az
Electric field due to 6 nC/m2:
E2 = (6×10-9/ 2𝜀𝑜) aN = 338.8 az
Electric field due to -8 nC/m2:
E3 = (-8×10-9 / 2𝜀𝑜) aN = -451.76 az

According to the direction of force:

E = -E1 –E2 – E3 = -56.6 az V/m