Lesson 10: NOV 3, 2020 2000-2100 GrammarReview Lesson

1. REVIEW conversion technique:

I have the ability to read Spanish. => I am capable of reading spanish.

i. I have the ability to sing in Portugese --> I am capable of singing
in Portugese.
ii. I can play the guitar --> I am capable of playing the guitar with my
feet.
iii. i am capable of sleeping while teaching (noun) --> i can sleep
while teaching
iv. i have the ability to eat dolphins --> i am capable of eating
dolphins.
I am perfectly capable of eating dolphins
I am probably capable of eating dolphins with a fork.
v. Benji (is) (idiotic) enough to have the ability to teach Chinese with
his feet.

[COMPLETED] EXERCISE OCT 20, 2020

1. Rearrange sentences by changing the subject

1. PART I: Rearrange sentences by changing the subject:

eg: I wish there were healthier options at the cafeteria.

--> Having healthier options at the cafeteria would be a good idea.

MUST PUT “having” before a noun OR USE verbs.

 a) I wish there were more boys on my basketball team.
—> Having more boys on my basketball team or only a million dollar
would be a joke.

b) I want more fruits in my salad

—> Having more fruits in my salad would be a great/ brilliant idea FOR
MY HEALTH.

c) I dont think I would like jumping off a tall building.

—> Jumping off a tall building would be easy for Benji but definitely not a
good idea.

2. PART II: Active Voice vs Passive Voice: indicate which is ACTIVE and
which is PASSIVE

eg:
- I will give you the instructions. ... ACTIVE - present tense verb
- The instructions will be given to you. ... PASSIVE - a little more formal,

a)
A teacher will give you your report card soon. ... ACTIVE
Your report card will be given to you by your teacher. … PASSIVE

b)
Gifts were given to children by Santa Clause. … PASSIVE
Santa Clause gave gifts to children … ACTIVE

c)
Dogs were adopted by people at the dog shelter. ... PASSIVE
The people adopted dogs from the dog shelter… ACTIVE

d)
Stupid jokes were made by my idiotic student who wears a sock on his
nose / PASSIVE
My idiotic student who wears a sock on his nose made stupid jokes. …
 ACTIVE

1. A building (formal, impersonal information)

This building was built in 1973 by the Germans. It is located in New York
City.
This building is equipped (equipment) with the latest elevator at the time.
It has stood its ground since 1985 after being rebuilt because of a fire.

2. PART III: Combine the sentence in 1. and 2. together to form sentence 3.

with a connective: where, when, who, whose, which …

Dependent clauses

eg:
1.  I like to go to the park. (WHERE)
2.  The park has lots of trees.
-->
3. I like to go to the park WHERE there are lots of trees or people.

a)
1. I love the student. (WHO)
2. The student is so weird that he wears socks on his nose.
-->
3. I love the student who is so weird that he wears socks on his nose.

b)
1. I don't enjoy going to the mountain. (???)
2. The mountain always scares me somehow.
-->
3. I don’t enjoy going to the mountain where it always scares me
somehow.

c)
1. Every Saturday, Chalie loves to see his dad. (who)
2. His dad usually cooks an amazing soup for him.
-->
3. Every Saturday, Charlie loves to see his dad who usually cooks an
amazing soup for him.
 d)
1. Charlie loves to see his dad. (whose)
2. His dad’s cooking is amazing.
—>
3. Charlies loves to see his dad whose cooking is amazing.

3. Connectives: Part 1 INTRO

Pay attention to these things:

1. How formal is the situation? Are you talking to frined? Or writing an essay
for a teacher?

Eg: Too many hamburgers --> Too many farts

a. Talking to a friend
I ate too many hamburgers, so I have been farting a lot.

b. Writing an essay or anything for other people to read (except a diary,

text)
I enjoyed too many hamburgers, therefore/ consequentially, I felt ill in
the stomach and gassy.

2. Cause-effect relationship/ before-and-after relationship/ similar or

opposites

a. Cause - effect
Since (verb/phrase)...., ..... --> anywhere
Because of (noun - cause)....., ...... --> anywhere
..(cause)....., consequentially, ..... --> formal speech / essays
...(cause).., therefore...... --> formal speech / essays
..(cause)...., so....... --> anywhere
.(cause)., as a result,..... --> formal speech / essays

b. similarities / following the logic

...(idea 1)..., likewise, ... (idea 2)...
... (idea 1)..., similarly, ... (idea 2)...

...., moreover, ....

..., additionally, ...
..., in addition, ...
..., furthermore, ...

c. opposites
... but...
... however...
... in constrast...
... contrastingly...
... despite ...
... while...
... even though ...
... nevertheless ...
... in spite of ...
... instead, ...
... notwithstanding ...
... as opposed to ...
... yet ...