Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Documents - Pub - Module 7 Module 5 Draft Mechanical Layout and Details 55cd8fb951619
Documents - Pub - Module 7 Module 5 Draft Mechanical Layout and Details 55cd8fb951619
MODULE 7
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Introduction
1
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
Pre- assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and
previous experiences about drafting mechanical layout details. This phase will
guide you in assessing yourself by answering questions that relate with the
basics of drafting mechanical lay-out and details.
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in
the space provided to each number.
______1. It is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat.
a. Heat resistivity b. Latent heat c. Sensible heat d. Insulation
______2. Which lifts the car usually 3 to 8 in number and placed in parallel,
fastened to the top of the car?
a. hoist way b. elevator machine c. cables d. elevation
_______3. It is the heat energy required to change the state of a substance.
a. Heat resistivity b. Latent heat c. Sensible heat d. Insulation
2
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
______ 4. It turns the sheave and thus lifts or lowers the car.
a. hoist way b. elevator machine c. cables d. elevation
______ 5. It is the heat in British thermal unit absorbed by a substance in
changing its temperature without its state.
a. Heat resistivity b. Latent heat c. Sensible heat d. Insulation
______ 6. It is typically referred to as a chiller plant.
a. chilled water system c. heat pump
b. window air conditioner d. cooling only packaged system
_______7. It is a material used to stop the transfer of heat.
a. Heat resistivity b. Latent heat c. Sensible heat d. Insulation
_______8. A window air conditioner typically installed in a window or custom
opening in a wall.
a. chilled water system c. heat pump
b. window air conditioner d. cooling only packaged
system
_______9. It is the shaft or vertical passageway for the travel of the car and its
counterweights.
a. hoist way b. elevator machine c. cables d. elevation
______10. A special valve in the refrigeration piping that allows the refrigeration
cycle to be operated in reverse.
a. chilled water system c. heat pump
b. window air conditioner d. cooling only packaged system
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills.
Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this
is being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the
lesson to be presented.
Skills in drafting mechanical layout and details Not Much A little A lot
I can draft heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
systems according to Mechanical Code
I can indicate signs and symbols according to
3
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment
skills test, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module.
Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by completing the
activity below. Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Know
Know
Lesson 1: Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning Systems Layout
4
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
5
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Air conditioning
Air conditioning may be defined as the simultaneous control of air
temperature, humidity, motion and purity of air in a confined space.
Air Conditioning Systems
Air conditioning which is the process of controlling the physical properties
of air, maybe divided into 2 general classes:
1. Air Conditioning for human comfort
2. Process air conditioning
Comfort air conditioning is a modern method of controlling the temperature
and humidity of air in an enclosed space so that it will give comfort to the majority
of the occupants of the space.
6
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
7
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
3. Air Motion
A gentle motion of air produces a refreshing and stimulating effect. The
velocity should average 15 to 25 ft. per minute measured 36 inches above the
floor.
This is more
convenient than
upward method
because the supply air
is mixed first to warm
air before reaching the
audience
4. Air Supply
Many codes require about 30 cu. ft. per min. per person. Since the indoor
air is recirculated and reused in air conditioning, a smaller amount of air is
required, 5 to 10 cu. ft. per person is sufficient.
8
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
9
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(a)
10
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(b)
11
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(c)
12
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(d)
13
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(e)
14
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(f)
15
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
(g)
16
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
These systems have the highest Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) of all the
available AC systems. Manufacturers are required to take the EER rating and
provide a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER) for use by consumers.
SEER ratings vary widely and range from 10 to 20. The higher the SEER rating,
the more efficient the AC system operates. If heating is required, an alternate
method of heating the interior of the building must be used, usually in the form of
electric or gas heating.
Heat Pump
Heat pumps are similar to cooling only systems with one exception. A
special valve in the refrigeration piping allows the refrigeration cycle to be
operated in reverse. It cools the indoor air and ejects heat to the outdoors. A heat
pump can also cool the indoor air, but when the valve is reversed, the indoor air
is heated.
17
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
18
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
turned on. The additional heat causes the air conditioning system to run longer
and remove more moisture.
Process
Process
1. What is HVAC?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
19
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Test I. Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.
20
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Know
Know
21
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
22
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
23
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
1. Compressors
Compressors used are of two types:
a. Reciprocating is commonly referred to as piston type
b. Centrifugal refers to two rotary type compressors
For up to 100 tons, reciprocating units are used because centrifugal
compressors are not manufactured in these sizes.
2. Condensers
Condensers used for liquefying have three general designs:
a. Air cooled condensers
Air cooled condensers are seldom used for capacities
above 3 tons of refrigeration unless an adequate water
supply is extremely difficult to obtain. The principal
disadvantages of this kind are the high power cost and the
reduction of capacity on hot days.
The conventional air-cooled condenser consists of the
condenser coil, compressor, and condenser fan with motor,
crankcase, heater, controls, service valves and filter drier.
b. Water-Cooled condensers
Water cooled condensers are of three types:
1. Double pipe condenser
24
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
25
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
26
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
The air enters at one side near the axis of the wheel
and is discharged radially through the outlet placed at a
tangent to the wheel.
b. Propeller Fans (Axial Type of Fan)
The air enters at the rear of the fan and emerges at
the front in a line parallel to the axis of rotation.
6. Air Outlets - An important step in efficient space comfort conditioning is the
proper selection of air outlets. This section presents generalized descriptions and
characteristics of the types of grilles, registers and diffusers commonly used in
commercial air distribution applications today.
a. Grilles and Registers - The term grille is commonly
applied to any air outlet or intake that consists of a square or
rectangular face and neck and whose facial appearance is
made up of stationary or adjustable louvers which may be used
to deflect the air. A register is simply a grille which incorporates
an integral damper for air volume control. Supply grilles and
registers usually have adjustable louvers and are available in
single or double deflection models.
b. Linear Bar Grille - The linear bar grille is normally
used where an architectural blend of the grille to its
surroundings is required.
c. Linear Slot Diffuser - Linear slot diffusers incorporate
adjustable pattern controllers in a multi-slot configuration. Slot
sizes are available in ½ in. [13 mm], ¾ in. [19 mm] or 1 in. [25
mm] widths with a choice of one to ten slots. Adjustable pattern
controllers allow horizontal left, horizontal right or vertical
discharge for maximum flexibility.
d. Round Ceiling Diffuser - Round ceiling diffusers
consist of several concentric cones suspended below the
ceiling line by an outer cone.
e. Square Ceiling Diffuser - Square ceiling diffusers
consist of several concentric square cones and a round neck.
f. Louver Face Diffuser - Louver face diffusers are
available with a square or rectangular face composed of a fixed
modular core.
g. Round Plaque Diffuser - Round plaque diffusers
consist of a plaque mounted inside an outer frame with a round
inlet.
h. Square Plaque Diffusers - Square plaque diffusers
are comprised of a square plaque situated in a backpan with a
round inlet.
i. Perforated Ceiling Diffuser - Perforated ceiling
diffusers are available with a square or rectangular face supplied
through a round or square neck.
27
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
28
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
7. Control Equipment
Air conditioning equipment and devices are of different kinds. These
maybe:
a. Sensing Device. Consists of the following:
1. Thermostats
2. Humidistats
3. Pressure Regulations
b. Actuating Devices
1. Dampers
2. Control Valves
3. Relays
29
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
c. Indicators
Air Conditioning Symbols
The air-conditioning layout is drafted on plans. The following are the
approved acronyms:
ACRONYM MEANING
ACCU Air- cooled condensing unit.
WCCA Water-cooled
CT Cooling Tower
ATC Automatic Temperature Control
CAC Central Air Conditioner
FCU Fan Coil Unit
Process
Process
AHU Air Handling Unit
HVAC Heating and Ventilating Air Conditioner
PAC Package Air Conditioner
RAC Room – Air-Conditioner
TR Tons of Refrigeration
Test I. Form the pool of words below, label each of the equipment and controls in
an air conditioning system.
condenser evaporation and coolers air cleaning equipment air outlets
control equipment Fans compressor condenser coil
evaporator coil blower partition front grille
adjustable louvers thermostat sensor control panel
1. 2. 3
4
5
12
11 7
Test II. Write the functions of each part.
10- 9 8
1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Evaporation and Coolers
30
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
1. HVAC -
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________
2. FCU -
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________
3. CAC -
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________
4. CT -
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________
5. ACCU -
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
______________________
Test II. Enumeration: Enumerate the methods used for cooling in air
conditioning and describe each briefly.
HVAC Conventions
31
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
position of the duct. The flow of air through the ducts is indicated by an arrow. Air
flow coming from the heating-cooling unit is shown by an arrow pointing out from
the diffusers. Return air is indicated by an arrow pointing into the duct.
1. Radiation is the heat that flows to a cooler surface through space in the
same manner light travels.
2. Convection is a warm surface that heats the air, the warm air rises and
cool air moves in to take its place causing a convection current
3. Conduction is the heat that moves through a solid material, the denser
the material the better it will conduct heat.
Heat loss or gain is the amount of heat that passes through the exterior
surface of a building. Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat that flows from
one face of a material, through the material, and to the opposite face. It is defined
also as the amount of heat transfer through a 1-Sq.Foot area, 1 inch thick with a
temperature difference of 1 degree Fahrenheit.
The unit of measurement for heat is Btu (British thermal unit) which is the
unit of heat needed to raise the temperature on 1 pound of water 1 degree
Fahrenheit.
32
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
1. Flexible Bat
2. Flexible Blanket
3. Loose Fill Reflective Material
4. Rigid Board
5. Additives
6. Spray on
7. Corrugated Paper
8. Surface Air Film
1. Perimeter heating refers to the heat outlets that are located on the outside
walls of the rooms.
2. Radiant heating functions by heating an area of the wall, ceiling or floor.
33
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
34
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Direction:
Draft a
residential
HVAC Layout from
the floor plan
specified in below and
give details on the
following:
a. Dimensions
b.
Specification of
materials to
be used
35
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
36
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Transfer
Transfer
I. Direction: Draw a diagrammatic Air conditioning layout based on the specified
floor plan on given above. Be sure to include specifications such as:
a. Bill of Materials
b. Time Schedule
II. Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is the heating of an area of the wall, ceiling or floor.
a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating
2. It is the heating through outlets located on the outside walls of the
rooms.
a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating
37
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Know
Know
Lesson 2: Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems
A conveyor system is often the lifeline to a company’s ability to effectively
move its product in a timely fashion. The steps that a company can take to
ensure that it performs at peak capacity, include regular inspections, close
monitoring of motors and reducers, keeping key parts in stock, and proper
training of personnel.
Increasing the service life of your conveyor system involves: choosing the
right conveyor type, the right system design and paying attention to regular
maintenance practices.
A conveyor system that is designed properly will last a long time with
proper maintenance. Here are six of the biggest problems to watch for in
38
overhead type conveyor systems including I-beam monorails, enclosed track
conveyors and power and free conveyors.
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Assessment Criteria:
SKILLS EVALUATION
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills.
Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this
is being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the
lesson to be presented.
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment
instrument, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module.
Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by completing the
activity below. Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
39
Goal 1
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
40
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Know
Know
42
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Arrangements of Escalators
43
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
a. Parallel Arrangement
b. Crisscross Arrangement
Moving walks and ramps are different from moving stairways. While
moving stairways(Escalators) have the primary function of moving a large
number of people vertically, moving walk or ramp serves a dual function, that is,
horizontal transportation only, or a combined function of horizontal and vertical
transportation not only of people but also of wheeled vehicles and large parcels.
Elevators
An elevator or lift (in British English) is a vertical transport vehicle that
efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building. They are
generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables and
counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston.
44
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Passenger Elevators
Passenger elevators are used to carry passenger traffic in buildings where
several peak periods occur each day. Residential elevators may be small enough
to only accommodate one person while some are large enough for more than a
dozen. Wheelchair, or platform lifts, a specialized type of elevator designed to
move a wheelchair 6 ft (1.8 m) or less, often can accommodate just one person in
a wheelchair at a time with a load of 1000 lb (455 kg).
1. Hoistway is the shaft or vertical passageway for the travel of the car and
its counterweights.
2. Elevator Car is a cage of light metal supported on a structural frame to the
top member of which the cables are fastened. The car is fixed on its
vertical travel in the shaft by means of rail shoes on the guide rails.
3. Cables which lift the car usually 3 to 8 in number are placed in parallel, the
weight of the car is being equally distributed over the cables which are
fastened to the top of the car by cables sockets.
4. Elevator Machine turns the sheave and thus lifts or lowers the car. In
most modern installations, the electric driving motor receives its energy
from a separate motor- generator set.
5. Machine Room is the place where the elevators machine is housed,
usually directly above the elevator shaft or hoistway.
6. Counterweights are rectangular blocks of cast iron stacked in one frame
which is supported at the opposite ends of the cables to which the car is
fastened.
7. Guide Rails are the vertical tracks that guide the car and its counter
weight.
8. Control Equipment is a combination of push buttons contacts, relays,
cams and devices which are operated manually or automatically to initiate
door opening, starting, acceleration, leveling and stopping of the car.
9. Safety Devices include:
a. Main Brake is mounted directly on the shaft of the elevator
machine.
b. Safety System is controlled by the speed governor mounted on or
near the elevator machine.
c. Electrical Final Limit Switches de-energize the traction motor and
set the main brake if the car over travels.
d. Oil or Spring Buffers are always placed in the elevators pit. Their
purpose is not to stop a falling car but to bring it to a partially
cushioned stop if it over travels the lower terminal.
45
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Elevators Machines
Two types of elevator machines
a. Gearless Traction Machine
b. Geared Traction Machine.
Kinds of Elevators
There are different kinds of elevations as to their purpose these are:
1. Freight Elevators. They are of two types.
a. General Purpose Freight Elevator
b. Light Duty Freight Elevators
c. Sidewalk Elevators
2. Dumbwaiters – they are small freight for the transport of relatively small
articles between levels.
3. Plunger Elevators. These are oil – hydraulic elevators which are raised
and lowered by means of a movable rod rigidly fixed at the bottom of the
car. The system is hydraulic and operates the same as a hydraulic jack
46
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
47
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Process
Process
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is sometimes called a moving stairway or an electric stairway.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
2. It is used to carry passenger traffic in buildings.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
3. It is the standard angle of inclination of an elevator.
a. 30˚ b. 60˚ c. 90˚
4. Normal speed of an escalator
a. 90 Ft/Min. (FPM) b. 100 Ft/Min. (FPM) c.80 Ft/Min. (FPM)
5. A vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between
floors of a building.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
48
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Reflect
Reflectand
andUnderstand
Understand
Direction:
a. Draft the existing illustrated sample plan on:
1. Standard Bed Elevator
2. Elevator Hoist way Roof Detail
3. Elevator Hoist way Corner Detail
4. Elevator Vertical Wall Joint Detail
5. Elevator Hoist way Flashing Detail
5. Section View for Hole less Jack System
Transfer
Transfer
Summative Test
I. Practice Activity: Direction: Perform the following:
a. Draft a standard a Sample Bed Elevator as shown below:
Know
Know
49
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills.
Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this
is being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the
lesson to be presented.
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre assessment
instrument, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module.
Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by completing the
activity below. Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
50
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Know
Know
51
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Building Classifications
Building code requirements vary as to such factors as type of occupancy,
building contents, type of construction, location and fire extinguishing system.
The code permits “trade offs” between these classifications with the goal of
obtaining public safety as can.
Classification by Occupancy
1. Assembly
2. Educational
3. Institutional
4. Residential
5. Mercantile
6. Offices
7. Industrial
8. Storage
Classification by Content
1. Ordinary Hazard Content
2. Extra Hazard Content
3. Light Hazard Content
Classification by location
Buildings constructed in closely packed communities are threat to the
general public than buildings located in an open area. Thereof, building codes
establish fire limits or fire zones within the limits of a fire zone. All buildings must
be designed so that a fire will remain contained.
52
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Sprinkler Layout
The layout of a sprinkler system is classified into three types:
1. Light hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed 200
sq.ft.
2. Ordinary hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed
130 sq. ft.
3. Extra hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed 90
sq.ft.
Standpipes are vertical water pipes with fire-hose outlets at each floor.
They are located so that any fire can be reached by a stream from not more 75’
of small hose or 100’ of large hose.
Process
Process
53
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Test I. Direction: Write A if the statement is correct and write B if is not. Use a
separate sheet of paper.
1. There must be at least two means of exit in every residential room.
2. Exit doors must be at least 0.30 m wide.
3. Passages from sleeping rooms to exits must be at least 0.40 m wide.
4. Every sleeping room must have at least a window which can be easily
opened from the inside.
5. Storm windows, screens, burglar guards must have quick opening
devices.
Test II. Direction: Group each of the words from the pool below to classify
them according to:
Reflect
Reflectand
andUnderstand
Understand
Direction: Using the only one floor plan floor plan, draft each of the fire
protection systems with color coding suggested below:
54
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Transfer
TransferGG
oal
oal11
Summative Test
I. Drafting Fire Protection Systems
Directions. Locate/indicate the following and draft Fire Protection System based
on the floor plan specified below:
1. Fire sprinklers.
2. Standpipes
3. Finalize the fire sprinkler system by drawing a diagram connecting the
fixtures.
4. Finalize the fire protection system by drawing a diagram connecting the
fixtures from the water source.
55
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
56
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
Post-Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in
the space provided to each number.
______1. It is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat.
a. Heat resistivity b. Latent heat c. Sensible heat d. Insulation
______2. Which lifts the car usually 3 to 8 in number and placed in parallel,
fastened to the top of the car?
a. hoist way b. elevator machine c. cables d. elevation
_______3. It is the heat energy required to change the state of a substance.
57
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
58
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details
59