Sheet1

Sheet 1. P/I curve-fitting spreadsheet

1. Rename and save this file.
 2. Delete numbers in cells A11:B30.
 3. Enterphoton
1.279   irradiances in cells A11:A30.
 4. Enterphotosynthetic
-0.01107   rates in B11:B30.
Pm = 254.3  5. Adjust second range number (bold) in cell D31, to the last data row, e.g., =(SUM
R = -26.39  6. In the menu bar click on Tools, Solver...
 15.0 oC 7. Solver Parameters box displays:
Mean photon Photosyn. Calculated
irradiance rate (P) value of P Error2 8. New values of a, b, Pm, R appear in cells B3:B6.

 

 
 9. In the figure, the fitted pink line should approximately follow the blue data line.
0.0 -26.39 -26.4 0.0 10. If it does not, adjust values in B4:B6 manually to give a rough fit and then repea
1.3 -25.52 -24.8 0.6 11. Copy values of a, b, Pm, R and Q' to B3:B7 in Sheet 5
11.5 -13.89 -12.2 2.9
38.6 -7.12 18.1 633.7
Photosynthesis versus photon irradiance
52.7 35.00 32.3 7.5
100.2 44.60 73.2 815.8
250
176.6 143.02 121.3 470.7
263.6 172.36 157.5 221.9
387.9 188.05 187.5 0.3 200
mol O2 (mg chl)-1 h-1

696.3 202.69 212.6 97.2

1143.9 213.07 214.5 1.9 150
2128.7 206.32 204.4 3.9
tosynthetic rate

P = Pm(1-exp(-a I/Pm)+R+b I
100
Page 1
50
 200

/ mmol O2 (mg chl)-1 h-1

Sheet1
150

Photosynthetic rate
P = Pm(1-exp(-aI/Pm)+R+bI
100

50

Error sum given by Solver = 47.5 -50

0 500 1000 1500
=(sum(D10:D??))^0.5
Photon irradiance / mmol m-2 s-1

Page 2
 Sheet1

ast data row, e.g., =(SUM(D11:D22))^0.5

Set Target Cell: $D$31
Equal to : Min
By changing cells: $B$3:$B$5
Click on Solve
follow the blue data line.
a rough fit and then repeat steps 6 and 7.
n Sheet 5.

on irradiance

I/Pm)+R+bI
Page 3
 Sheet1

I/Pm)+R+bI

1500 2000
ol m-2 s-1

Page 4
 Sheet1

Phytoplankton photosynthesis by Aphanizom

Baltic Sea, 2 August 1993

20

0
/ mmol O2 m-3 h-1
Photosynthetic rate

-20

Page 5
Photosynt
/ mmol O
-20 Sheet1

-40

Depth / metres

Page 6
 Sheet1

tosynthesis by Aphanizomenon,
t 1993

Page 7

Row 445
 Sheet1

Row 445
Row 440
Row 435
Row 430
Row 425
Row 420
Row 415
Row 410
Row 405
Depth / metres Row 400 Solar time / hours

Page 8
 Sheet2

Sheet 2. Table for calculating the the chlorophyll concentration at intermediate depths. Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996
Values in bold type are measured: values in normal type are calculated from measured values.
1-Jan
Date 2-Aug
Year day 213.33
Time T1
Solar time/h 8.00
Sample N1

Depth / m / mg m-3
0 0.856
1 0.846

2 0.836
3 0.826
4 0.784
5 0.742
6 0.700
7 0.673
8 0.646
9 0.619
10 0.581
11 0.544
12 0.507

Page 9
 Sheet2

13 0.429
14 0.352
15 0.274
16 0.234
17 0.193
18 0.153
19 0.112
20 0.071
21 0.031
22 0.026
23 0.022
24 0.017
25 0.014
26 0.010
27 0.006
28 0.005
29 0.005
30 0.004

Page 10
 Sheet2

alsby, 1996

Page 11
Sheet 3. Table for calculating light attenuation and temperatutre. Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996
Vertical distribution of irradiance and temperature in the water column, 2 Aug 1993.
1. Enter depths in column A10:A40.
Regression analysis: Depth range 0 - 10 m 2. Enter irradiance measurements in column B10:B40.
Intercept: loge (I0'/mmol m-2 s-1) 6.91664143 3. Copy down from C10 to last row of irradiance measurements (e.g., C30) as show
Gradient: - ka / m-1
-0.3174086 4. Inspect graph for maximum depth of uniform attenuation: e.g., here 16 metres.
Depth PAR loge 0 - 10 m Ratio Temperature 5. Perform regression analysis over this selected depth reange (e.g., 0-16 m).
z Iz (Iz/mmol m-2 s-1) Iz ' Iz'/Io' Q In menu bar click on Tools, Data Analysis, Regression...
/m /mmol m-2 s-1 /mmol m-2 s-1 / oC Regression box displays Input Adjust entry
0 1030.0 6.937 1008.9 1.0000 15.51 Enter Input Y range $C$10:$C$26
1 800.0 6.685 734.5 0.7280 15.51 Enter Input X range $A$10:$A$26
2 520.0 6.254 534.8 0.5300 15.50 Click on and enter $H$20

3 370.0 5.914 389.3 0.3859 15.50 Result appears below.
4 285.0 5.652 283.4 0.2809 15.50 6. Copy values of Intercept (cell I36) and X Variable (cell I37) to cells D5 and D6.
5 200.0 5.298 206.4 0.2045 15.49 This gives values of I0' and ka from which smoothed values of Iz' are ca
6 144.0 4.970 150.2 0.1489 15.49 Ratios of Iz'/I0' appear in Column E10:E40.
7 110.0 4.700 109.4 0.1084 15.49 6A. Alternative: Edit,Copy actual values of Iz from B10:B20 (or lesser depth):Edit,
8 81.0 4.394 79.6 0.0789 15.48 7. Enter values of temperature in column F10:F40.
9 57.0 4.043 58.0 0.0575 15.48 8. Copy values in E10:E40 and F10:F40 to Sheet 5, B48:B78 and C48:C78.
10 41.0 3.714 42.2 0.0418 15.48 SUMMARY OUTPUT
11 31.0 3.434 30.7 0.0305 15.47
12 22.8 3.127 22.4 0.0222 15.39 Regression Statistics
13 16.7 2.815 16.3 0.0161 15.37 Multiple R 0.99978809
14 12.2 2.501 11.9 0.0118 15.36 R Square 0.99957622
15 8.6 2.152 8.6 0.0086 15.35 Adjusted R 0.99954796
16 6.2 1.825 6.3 0.0062 15.29 Standard Er 0.03408528
17 3.5 1.253 4.6 0.0045 15.27 Observation 17
18 2.8 1.030 3.3 0.0033 15.23
19 1.6 0.470 2.4 0.0024 15.21 ANOVA
20 1.0 0.000 1.8 0.0017 15.15 df SS MS F
21 1.3 0.0013 15.00 Regression 1 41.105274 41.105274 35380.479
22 0.9 0.0009 14.00 Residual 15 0.0174271 0.0011618
23 0.7 0.0007 10.90 Total 16 41.122701
24 0.5 0.0005 8.75
25 0.4 0.0004 7.93 CoefficientsStandard Error t Stat P-value
26 0.3 0.0003 7.77 Intercept 6.91664143 0.0158299 436.93526 3.318E-32
27 0.2 0.0002 7.33 X Variable -0.3174086 0.0016875 -188.097 1.024E-26
28 0.1 0.0001 7.80
29 0.1 0.0001 7.20
30 0.1 0.0001 6.50
 8

ln (Iz/mmol m-2 s-1)

(e.g., C30) as shown.
5
., here 16 metres.
.g., 0-16 m). 4

3
just entry
2
C$10:$C$26
1
A$10:$A$26
0
0 5 10 15 20 25

to cells D5 and D6.

Depth / metres
values of Iz' are calculated in column D10:D40.

lesser depth):Edit,Paste Special,Values in D10

d C48:C78.
Significance F
1.024E-26

Lower 95% Upper 95%

Lower 95.000%
6.8829008 6.9503821 6.8829008
-0.321005 -0.313812 -0.321005
Sheet 4. Irradiance under the water surface, with corrections for reflection, adjusted for wind and cloud.

Enter date in C8; 1 Jan of year in D8; Lattitude N (or -S) in H8. Enter ratio of Ia /E, given by meter readings , in M
Enter time, t, irradiance, E, and wind speed, Uw, in columns B,C, D. Sub-surface irradiance is given in colu
Table of Coefficients Transfer columns B and J to Table 4 in Shee
Date 1-Jan Day of yr Day of yr Solar declin. Lattitude Lattitude Wind speed factors
Y     x y z
day-mo-yr day-mo-yr days radians radians degrees radians 
2-Aug-93 1-Jan-93 213 3.667 0.3151745 55.27 0.96469 0.6225 0.8291 0.235145
Copy this
Table of calculations: mostly derived from equations in Kirk (1994) column to Sheet 5
Solar time Irradiance Wind Solar Effective Proportion B86:B374

of day (PhAR) speed elevation sine curve zen. angle reflected refl, wind ref,wi,cl.
t E Uw  Ic  rw Iw I0
hours W m-2 m s-1  radians
radians 

 


0.000 0 5.000 -0.2909 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0

0.083 0 6.750 -0.2908 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.167 0 6.900 -0.2904 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.250 0 6.300 -0.2897 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.333 0 6.750 -0.2888 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.417 0 6.450 -0.2876 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.500 0 8.350 -0.2861 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.583 0 6.750 -0.2844 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.667 0 5.250 -0.2824 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.750 0 4.850 -0.2801 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.833 0 5.100 -0.2776 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
0.917 0 4.650 -0.2748 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.000 0 4.550 -0.2717 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.083 0 4.700 -0.2684 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.167 0 5.400 -0.2649 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.250 0 4.850 -0.2611 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.333 0 4.900 -0.2570 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.417 0 4.550 -0.2527 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.500 0 4.550 -0.2482 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.583 0 4.150 -0.2434 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.667 0 6.850 -0.2384 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.750 0 7.150 -0.2331 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.833 0 4.450 -0.2276 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
1.917 0 3.850 -0.2219 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.000 0 3.500 -0.2160 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.083 0 3.700 -0.2098 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.167 0 4.050 -0.2034 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.250 0 3.600 -0.1968 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.333 0 3.450 -0.1900 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.417 0 3.400 -0.1830 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.500 0 3.700 -0.1758 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.583 0 3.600 -0.1684 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.667 0 3.800 -0.1608 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.750 0 3.750 -0.1530 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.833 0 3.950 -0.1451 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
2.917 0 3.500 -0.1369 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.000 0 3.450 -0.1286 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.083 0 3.000 -0.1201 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.167 0 2.600 -0.1114 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.250 0 3.050 -0.1025 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.333 0 7.600 -0.0935 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.417 0 6.300 -0.0843 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.500 0 3.950 -0.0750 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.583 0 3.500 -0.0655 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.667 0 3.350 -0.0559 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.750 0 3.850 -0.0462 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.833 0 3.750 -0.0362 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
3.917 0 3.250 -0.0262 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
4.000 0 3.100 -0.0160 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
4.083 4 2.900 -0.0057 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
4.167 5 3.050 0.0047 9.9 1.4656 0.5230 8.9 8.9
4.250 7 3.100 0.0152 32.1 1.4550 0.4906 13.4 13.4
4.333 8 2.900 0.0259 54.6 1.4482 0.4711 15.8 15.8
4.417 10 2.900 0.0366 77.4 1.4381 0.4437 20.8 35.5
4.500 12 3.050 0.0475 100.3 1.4255 0.4118 26.4 42.6
4.583 14 3.150 0.0585 123.4 1.4137 0.3842 32.3 49.7
4.667 17 3.400 0.0696 146.8 1.3997 0.3539 41.1 60.4
4.750 19 3.300 0.0808 170.3 1.3907 0.3359 47.3 67.5
4.833 23 3.450 0.0920 194.0 1.3781 0.3122 59.3 81.7
4.917 26 3.500 0.1034 217.9 1.3668 0.2926 68.9 92.3
5.000 30 3.400 0.1148 241.9 1.3575 0.2775 81.2 106.5
5.083 34 3.000 0.1264 266.1 1.3525 0.2697 93.0 120.7
5.167 40 2.950 0.1380 290.4 1.3424 0.2547 111.7 111.7
5.250 50 3.000 0.1497 314.8 1.3307 0.2385 142.6 142.6
5.333 62 2.600 0.1614 339.3 1.3258 0.2321 178.3 178.3
5.417 69 2.400 0.1732 364.0 1.3179 0.2222 201.0 201.0
5.500 74 2.200 0.1851 388.7 1.3101 0.2128 218.2 218.2
5.583 80 2.100 0.1971 413.4 1.3006 0.2019 239.2 239.2
5.667 87 2.550 0.2091 438.3 1.2817 0.1821 266.5 266.5
5.750 95 2.350 0.2211 463.1 1.2736 0.1743 293.8 293.8
5.833 100 2.250 0.2333 488.0 1.2638 0.1654 312.6 312.6
5.917 107 2.300 0.2454 513.0 1.2515 0.1549 338.7 338.7
6.000 108 2.600 0.2576 537.9 1.2353 0.1423 347.0 347.0
6.083 110 3.250 0.2698 562.9 1.2149 0.1281 359.3 359.3
6.167 118 3.550 0.2821 587.8 1.1997 0.1186 389.6 389.6
6.250 133 2.600 0.2944 612.7 1.2007 0.1192 438.8 438.8
6.333 141 2.100 0.3068 637.6 1.1968 0.1168 466.4 466.4
6.417 147 2.200 0.3191 662.4 1.1834 0.1094 490.4 490.4
6.500 152 2.150 0.3315 687.2 1.1725 0.1036 510.3 510.3
6.583 163 2.300 0.3439 711.9 1.1585 0.0968 551.4 551.4
6.667 170 2.800 0.3563 736.5 1.1398 0.0886 580.3 580.3
6.750 164 3.100 0.3687 761.0 1.1243 0.0825 563.6 563.6
6.833 164 2.250 0.3812 785.4 1.1240 0.0824 563.7 563.7
6.917 169 2.550 0.3936 809.7 1.1081 0.0766 584.5 584.5
7.000 174 2.350 0.4060 833.9 1.0991 0.0736 603.8 603.8
7.083 172 2.350 0.4184 857.9 1.0874 0.0700 599.2 599.2
7.167 181 2.150 0.4308 881.8 1.0785 0.0673 632.3 632.3
7.250 188 2.250 0.4432 905.5 1.0654 0.0637 659.3 659.3
7.333 192 2.150 0.4556 929.1 1.0551 0.0611 675.3 675.3
7.417 202 2.200 0.4680 952.4 1.0427 0.0581 712.7 712.7
7.500 231 3.100 0.4803 975.6 1.0200 0.0531 819.3 819.3
7.583 233 3.200 0.4926 998.5 1.0074 0.0507 828.5 828.5
7.667 242 2.750 0.5048 1021.2 1.0010 0.0495 861.6 861.6
7.750 248 2.700 0.5170 1043.7 0.9901 0.0476 884.7 884.7
7.833 235 2.800 0.5292 1066.0 0.9775 0.0455 840.2 840.2
7.917 241 2.550 0.5413 1088.0 0.9690 0.0442 862.8 862.8
8.000 243 2.700 0.5534 1109.7 0.9559 0.0423 871.7 871.7
8.083 251 2.650 0.5654 1131.2 0.9452 0.0409 901.7 901.7
 8.167 255 2.800 0.5773 1152.4 0.9324 0.0393 917.6 917.6
8.250 260 2.750 0.5892 1173.3 0.9218 0.0381 936.8 936.8
8.333 266 2.850 0.6009 1193.9 0.9097 0.0367 959.8 959.8
8.417 275 2.800 0.6126 1214.1 0.8992 0.0357 993.3 993.3
8.500 276 2.550 0.6242 1234.1 0.8910 0.0349 997.8 997.8
8.583 285 2.450 0.6357 1253.7 0.8812 0.0340 1031.2 1031.2
8.667 291 2.250 0.6471 1273.0 0.8727 0.0333 1053.8 1053.8
8.750 295 2.250 0.6584 1291.9 0.8621 0.0324 1069.2 1069.2
8.833 298 2.250 0.6696 1310.5 0.8515 0.0316 1081.0 1081.0
8.917 303 2.050 0.6806 1328.7 0.8434 0.0310 1099.8 1099.8
9.000 315 2.050 0.6916 1346.6 0.8330 0.0303 1144.2 1144.2
9.083 317 2.100 0.7023 1364.0 0.8222 0.0296 1152.3 1152.3
9.167 329 2.000 0.7130 1381.1 0.8133 0.0290 1196.6 1196.6
9.250 328 1.900 0.7234 1397.7 0.8045 0.0285 1193.5 1193.5
9.333 333 1.850 0.7338 1414.0 0.7953 0.0280 1212.4 1212.4
9.417 338 1.950 0.7439 1429.8 0.7845 0.0275 1231.3 1231.3
9.500 342 1.850 0.7539 1445.2 0.7762 0.0271 1246.3 1246.3
9.583 348 1.750 0.7636 1460.2 0.7681 0.0267 1268.7 1268.7
9.667 352 1.800 0.7732 1474.7 0.7584 0.0263 1283.8 1283.8
9.750 357 1.700 0.7826 1488.8 0.7506 0.0260 1302.5 1302.5
9.833 374 1.050 0.7917 1502.4 0.7504 0.0260 1364.5 1364.5
9.917 365 0.950 0.8006 1515.6 0.7434 0.0257 1332.1 1332.1
10.000 371 0.750 0.8093 1528.3 0.7383 0.0255 1354.2 1354.2
10.083 376 0.650 0.8178 1540.5 0.7319 0.0252 1372.8 1372.8
10.167 379 0.450 0.8259 1552.3 0.7279 0.0251 1384.0 1384.0
10.250 376 0.350 0.8338 1563.6 0.7224 0.0249 1373.3 1373.3
10.333 364 0.350 0.8415 1574.4 0.7150 0.0247 1329.8 1329.8
10.417 384 0.350 0.8488 1584.7 0.7078 0.0244 1403.2 1403.2
10.500 394 0.450 0.8559 1594.5 0.6986 0.0242 1440.1 1440.1
10.583 399 0.600 0.8626 1603.8 0.6891 0.0239 1458.8 1458.8
10.667 400 0.550 0.8690 1612.5 0.6838 0.0238 1462.7 1462.7
10.750 398 0.150 0.8751 1620.8 0.6874 0.0238 1455.2 1455.2
10.833 397 0.800 0.8809 1628.6 0.6681 0.0234 1452.3 1452.3
10.917 400 0.900 0.8863 1635.8 0.6614 0.0232 1463.5 1463.5
11.000 401 1.050 0.8914 1642.5 0.6544 0.0230 1467.4 1467.4
11.083 402 1.200 0.8960 1648.7 0.6481 0.0229 1471.3 1471.3
11.167 405 0.750 0.9003 1654.4 0.6500 0.0229 1482.2 1482.2
11.250 408 0.650 0.9043 1659.5 0.6478 0.0229 1493.3 1493.3
11.333 408 0.650 0.9078 1664.1 0.6444 0.0228 1493.4 1493.4
11.417 410 1.150 0.9109 1668.2 0.6344 0.0226 1501.0 1501.0
11.500 411 1.050 0.9137 1671.7 0.6330 0.0226 1504.7 1504.7
11.583 412 0.700 0.9160 1674.7 0.6356 0.0227 1508.3 1508.3
11.667 414 0.800 0.9179 1677.2 0.6323 0.0226 1515.7 1515.7
11.750 415 0.600 0.9194 1679.1 0.6339 0.0226 1519.3 1519.3
11.833 415 1.000 0.9204 1680.4 0.6271 0.0225 1519.5 1519.5
11.917 425 1.150 0.9211 1681.2 0.6246 0.0224 1556.2 1556.2
12.000 432 1.400 0.9213 1681.5 0.6216 0.0224 1581.9 1581.9
12.083 443 1.500 0.9211 1681.2 0.6207 0.0224 1622.2 1622.2
12.167 449 1.700 0.9204 1680.4 0.6194 0.0223 1644.2 1644.2
12.250 446 1.550 0.9194 1679.1 0.6218 0.0224 1633.2 1633.2
12.333 445 1.500 0.9179 1677.2 0.6238 0.0224 1629.5 1629.5
12.417 444 1.650 0.9160 1674.7 0.6241 0.0224 1625.8 1625.8
12.500 446 1.750 0.9137 1671.7 0.6253 0.0225 1633.1 1633.1
12.583 445 1.750 0.9109 1668.2 0.6279 0.0225 1629.3 1629.3
12.667 443 1.900 0.9078 1664.1 0.6295 0.0225 1622.0 1622.0
12.750 442 1.750 0.9043 1659.5 0.6343 0.0226 1618.1 1618.1
12.833 442 1.750 0.9003 1654.4 0.6380 0.0227 1618.0 1618.0
12.917 441 1.800 0.8960 1648.7 0.6416 0.0228 1614.2 1614.2
13.000 423 2.400 0.8914 1642.5 0.6407 0.0228 1548.4 1548.4
13.083 421 2.950 0.8863 1635.8 0.6413 0.0228 1541.0 1541.0
13.167 420 3.200 0.8809 1628.6 0.6446 0.0228 1537.3 1537.3
13.250 415 2.500 0.8751 1620.8 0.6552 0.0231 1518.6 1518.6
13.333 407 2.550 0.8690 1612.5 0.6605 0.0232 1489.2 1489.2
13.417 404 2.450 0.8626 1603.8 0.6674 0.0233 1477.9 1477.9
13.500 401 2.350 0.8559 1594.5 0.6746 0.0235 1466.7 1466.7
13.583 396 2.500 0.8488 1584.7 0.6800 0.0237 1448.2 1448.2
13.667 391 2.250 0.8415 1574.4 0.6891 0.0239 1429.6 1429.6
13.750 389 2.700 0.8338 1563.6 0.6924 0.0240 1422.1 1422.1
13.833 387 2.500 0.8259 1552.3 0.7015 0.0243 1414.4 1414.4
13.917 383 2.600 0.8178 1540.5 0.7084 0.0245 1399.5 1399.5
14.000 410 6.650 0.8093 1528.3 0.6919 0.0240 1498.9 1498.9
14.083 376 2.600 0.8006 1515.6 0.7245 0.0250 1373.2 1373.2
14.167 380 2.650 0.7917 1502.4 0.7324 0.0253 1387.4 1387.4
14.250 383 2.850 0.7826 1488.8 0.7393 0.0255 1398.0 1398.0
14.333 371 3.050 0.7732 1474.7 0.7464 0.0258 1353.8 1353.8
14.417 366 3.450 0.7636 1460.2 0.7522 0.0260 1335.3 1335.3
14.500 359 3.400 0.7539 1445.2 0.7617 0.0264 1309.2 1309.2
14.583 351 2.850 0.7439 1429.8 0.7756 0.0270 1279.2 1279.2
14.667 346 3.150 0.7338 1414.0 0.7825 0.0274 1260.5 1260.5
14.750 358 4.150 0.7234 1397.7 0.7844 0.0275 1304.1 1304.1
14.833 369 7.400 0.7130 1381.1 0.7760 0.0271 1344.8 1344.8
14.917 345 3.750 0.7023 1364.0 0.8069 0.0287 1255.2 1255.2
15.000 316 3.300 0.6916 1346.6 0.8206 0.0295 1148.7 1148.7
15.083 309 3.100 0.6806 1328.7 0.8326 0.0302 1122.4 1122.4
15.167 297 2.400 0.6696 1310.5 0.8499 0.0315 1077.5 1077.5
15.250 305 3.500 0.6584 1291.9 0.8498 0.0314 1106.5 1106.5
15.333 284 2.750 0.6471 1273.0 0.8673 0.0328 1028.9 1028.9
15.417 284 2.800 0.6357 1253.7 0.8775 0.0337 1028.0 1028.0
15.500 275 2.600 0.6242 1234.1 0.8904 0.0348 994.2 994.2
15.583 294 2.500 0.6126 1214.1 0.9024 0.0360 1061.6 1061.6
15.667 262 2.500 0.6009 1193.9 0.9134 0.0371 944.9 944.9
15.750 288 2.500 0.5892 1173.3 0.9245 0.0384 1037.4 1037.4
15.833 280 2.600 0.5773 1152.4 0.9346 0.0396 1007.3 1007.3
15.917 278 2.850 0.5654 1131.2 0.9430 0.0406 999.0 999.0
16.000 271 3.400 0.5534 1109.7 0.9486 0.0413 973.1 973.1
16.083 262 3.000 0.5413 1088.0 0.9639 0.0435 938.7 938.7
16.167 238 3.200 0.5292 1066.0 0.9732 0.0449 851.5 851.5
16.250 219 3.100 0.5170 1043.7 0.9856 0.0468 781.9 781.9
16.333 204 3.400 0.5048 1021.2 0.9939 0.0482 727.3 727.3
16.417 211 4.400 0.4926 998.5 0.9960 0.0486 751.9 751.9
16.500 168 7.300 0.4803 975.6 0.9870 0.0471 599.7 599.7
16.583 210 6.550 0.4680 952.4 1.0027 0.0498 747.4 747.4
16.667 211 3.700 0.4556 929.1 1.0367 0.0567 745.5 745.5
16.750 221 4.050 0.4432 905.5 1.0448 0.0585 779.3 779.3
16.833 203 3.650 0.4308 881.8 1.0602 0.0624 713.0 713.0
16.917 179 3.750 0.4184 857.9 1.0707 0.0651 626.8 626.8
17.000 188 4.150 0.4060 833.9 1.0783 0.0673 656.8 656.8
17.083 185 4.150 0.3936 809.7 1.0898 0.0707 644.0 644.0
17.167 174 3.700 0.3812 785.4 1.1059 0.0759 602.3 602.3
17.250 165 4.050 0.3687 761.0 1.1138 0.0786 569.4 569.4
17.333 143 4.400 0.3563 736.5 1.1218 0.0815 492.0 492.0
17.417 146 4.700 0.3439 711.9 1.1304 0.0848 500.5 500.5
17.500 149 4.600 0.3315 687.2 1.1428 0.0899 507.9 507.9
17.583 135 5.500 0.3191 662.4 1.1462 0.0913 459.5 459.5
17.667 105 5.650 0.3068 637.6 1.1563 0.0958 355.6 355.6
17.750 91 4.950 0.2944 612.7 1.1737 0.1042 305.3 305.3
17.833 87 5.200 0.2821 587.8 1.1827 0.1090 290.4 290.4
17.917 49 5.250 0.2698 562.9 1.1935 0.1150 162.4 174.0
18.000 49 4.750 0.2576 537.9 1.2095 0.1246 160.7 174.0
18.083 63 5.250 0.2454 513.0 1.2159 0.1288 205.6 223.7
18.167 54 5.950 0.2333 488.0 1.2209 0.1321 175.5 191.7
18.250 42 4.900 0.2211 463.1 1.2416 0.1470 134.2 149.1
18.333 39 5.950 0.2091 438.3 1.2430 0.1482 124.4 138.5
18.417 39 5.650 0.1971 413.4 1.2566 0.1592 122.8 138.5
18.500 37 5.550 0.1851 388.7 1.2684 0.1695 115.1 131.4
18.583 37 5.700 0.1732 364.0 1.2779 0.1784 113.9 131.4
18.667 33 6.100 0.1614 339.3 1.2852 0.1856 100.7 117.2
18.750 33 6.800 0.1497 314.8 1.2901 0.1906 100.0 117.2
18.833 30 7.450 0.1380 290.4 1.2957 0.1965 90.3 106.5
18.917 40 5.950 0.1264 266.1 1.3185 0.2229 116.4 116.4
19.000 40 6.650 0.1148 241.9 1.3229 0.2284 115.6 115.6
19.083 33 6.450 0.1034 217.9 1.3350 0.2444 93.4 93.4
19.167 31 6.050 0.0920 194.0 1.3489 0.2643 85.4 85.4
19.250 30 5.750 0.0808 170.3 1.3620 0.2848 80.4 80.4
19.333 28 5.600 0.0696 146.8 1.3737 0.3045 72.9 72.9
19.417 25 5.500 0.0585 123.4 1.3848 0.3247 63.2 63.2
19.500 18 7.750 0.0475 100.3 1.3752 0.3071 46.7 46.7
19.583 14 7.200 0.0366 77.4 1.3894 0.3333 35.0 35.0
19.667 12 6.000 0.0259 54.6 1.4098 0.3753 28.1 28.1
19.750 10 6.050 0.0152 32.1 1.4190 0.3963 22.6 22.6
19.833 8 6.800 0.0047 9.9 1.4217 0.4027 17.9 17.9
19.917 6 6.950 -0.0057 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.000 5 6.800 -0.0160 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.083 4 5.750 -0.0262 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.167 0 5.800 -0.0362 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.250 0 6.700 -0.0462 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.333 0 6.900 -0.0559 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.417 0 6.850 -0.0655 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.500 0 7.000 -0.0750 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.583 0 6.250 -0.0843 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.667 0 7.250 -0.0935 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.750 0 6.900 -0.1025 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.833 0 6.700 -0.1114 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
20.917 0 7.400 -0.1201 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.000 0 7.550 -0.1286 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.083 0 6.600 -0.1369 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.167 0 6.500 -0.1451 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.250 0 6.600 -0.1530 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.333 0 6.550 -0.1608 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.417 0 6.550 -0.1684 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.500 0 6.700 -0.1758 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.583 0 6.350 -0.1830 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.667 0 6.600 -0.1900 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.750 0 7.200 -0.1968 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.833 0 6.750 -0.2034 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
21.917 0 6.650 -0.2098 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.000 0 6.700 -0.2160 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.083 0 6.500 -0.2219 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.167 0 7.200 -0.2276 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.250 0 6.700 -0.2331 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.333 0 6.750 -0.2384 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.417 0 6.550 -0.2434 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.500 0 6.500 -0.2482 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.583 0 6.950 -0.2527 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.667 0 7.100 -0.2570 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.750 0 6.750 -0.2611 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.833 0 6.850 -0.2649 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
22.917 0 6.800 -0.2684 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.000 0 6.850 -0.2717 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.083 0 6.750 -0.2748 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.167 0 6.950 -0.2776 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.250 0 7.800 -0.2801 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.333 0 9.050 -0.2824 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.417 0 6.850 -0.2844 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.500 0 6.650 -0.2861 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.583 0 6.100 -0.2876 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.667 0 6.400 -0.2888 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.750 0 6.650 -0.2897 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.833 0 6.650 -0.2904 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
23.917 0 7.100 -0.2908 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
24.00 -0.2909 0.0 1.5708 1.0000 0.0 0.0
and cloud.
ter readings , in M8.
ce is given in column J.
J to Table 4 in Sheet 5
Ratio Sine curve Sine curve
Ia /E Id Ie

W m
 -2

3.7457 2111.5 563.7

 0.0
0
1
 Sheet5

Sheet 5. Table for calculating the daily integral of photosynthesis.

Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996 Instructions:
1. Enter values of a, b, Pm, R, and Q' fr
Table 1. P/I curve 2. Enter value of Q10, if known, in E9;
1.279    and chlorophyll concen
    
 3. Enter depth


-0.01107    irradiance



 
4. Enter depths,

 ratios and te
Pm 254.3  5. Enter times and subsurface irradianc
R -26.39  Daily integral of photosynthesis is ca
 15.0 oC Q10 2.0 Daily Ps. Integral:
Table 2. Chlorophyll concentration
Time 8.00 Graph is plotted from Table of 30-min averag
Sample N0m
Depth /m / mg m-3
0 0.856
1 0.846
2 0.836
3 0.826
4 0.784
5 0.742
6 0.700
7 0.673 200
8 0.646 180
9 0.619
10 0.581 160
11 0.544 140
12 0.507
120
13 0.429
/ mmol O2 m-3 h-1
Photosynthetic rate

14 0.352 100
15 0.274
80
16 0.234
17 0.193 60
18 0.153 40
19 0.112
20 0.071 20
21 0.031 0
22 0.026
-20
23 0.022
24 0.017 -40
25 0.014 0 1 2 3 4
26 0.010
27 0.006

Page 29
 -40
0 1 2 3
Sheet5 4

28 0.005
29 0.005
30 0.004
Table 3. Irradiance and temperature profiles
Depth Iz'/Io' Q
/m / oC
0 1.0000 15.51
1 0.7280 15.51
2 0.5300 15.50
3 0.3859 15.50
4 0.2809 15.50
5 0.2045 15.49
6 0.1489 15.49
7 0.1084 15.49
8 0.0789 15.48
9 0.0575 15.48
10 0.0418 15.48
11 0.0305 15.47
12 0.0222 15.39
13 0.0161 15.37
14 0.0118 15.36
15 0.0086 15.35
16 0.0062 15.29
17 0.0045 15.27
18 0.0033 15.23
19 0.0024 15.21
20 0.0017 15.15
21 0.0013 15.00
22 0.0009 14.00
23 0.0007 10.90
24 0.0005 8.75
25 0.0004 7.93
26 0.0003 7.77
27 0.0002 7.33
28 0.0001 7.80
29 0.0001 7.20
30 0.0001 6.50

Table 4. Irradiance under the water surface

Corrections ref,wi,cl.
Time I0

Page 30
 Sheet5

/ h 

0.000 0.0
0.083 0.0
0.167 0.0
0.250 0.0
0.333 0.0
0.417 0.0
0.500 0.0
0.583 0.0
0.667 0.0
0.750 0.0
0.833 0.0
0.917 0.0
1.000 0.0
1.083 0.0
1.167 0.0
1.250 0.0
1.333 0.0
1.417 0.0
1.500 0.0
1.583 0.0
1.667 0.0
1.750 0.0
1.833 0.0
1.917 0.0
2.000 0.0
2.083 0.0
2.167 0.0
2.250 0.0
2.333 0.0
2.417 0.0
2.500 0.0
2.583 0.0
2.667 0.0
2.750 0.0
2.833 0.0
2.917 0.0
3.000 0.0
3.083 0.0
3.167 0.0
3.250 0.0
3.333 0.0
3.417 0.0

Page 31
 Sheet5

3.500 0.0
3.583 0.0
3.667 0.0
3.750 0.0
3.833 0.0
3.917 0.0
4.000 0.0
4.083 6.8
4.167 8.9
4.250 13.4
4.333 15.8
4.417 35.5
4.500 42.6
4.583 49.7
4.667 60.4
4.750 67.5
4.833 81.7
4.917 92.3
5.000 106.5
5.083 120.7
5.167 111.7
5.250 142.6
5.333 178.3
5.417 201.0
5.500 218.2
5.583 239.2
5.667 266.5
5.750 293.8
5.833 312.6
5.917 338.7
6.000 347.0
6.083 359.3
6.167 389.6
6.250 438.8
6.333 466.4
6.417 490.4
6.500 510.3
6.583 551.4
6.667 580.3
6.750 563.6
6.833 563.7
6.917 584.5
7.000 603.8
7.083 599.2

Page 32
 Sheet5

7.167 632.3
7.250 659.3
7.333 675.3
7.417 712.7
7.500 819.3
7.583 828.5
7.667 861.6
7.750 884.7
7.833 840.2
7.917 862.8
8.000 871.7
8.083 901.7
8.167 917.6
8.250 936.8
8.333 959.8
8.417 993.3
8.500 997.8
8.583 1031.2
8.667 1053.8
8.750 1069.2
8.833 1081.0
8.917 1099.8
9.000 1144.2
9.083 1152.3
9.167 1196.6
9.250 1193.5
9.333 1212.4
9.417 1231.3
9.500 1246.3
9.583 1268.7
9.667 1283.8
9.750 1302.5
9.833 1364.5
9.917 1332.1
10.000 1354.2
10.083 1372.8
10.167 1384.0
10.250 1373.3
10.333 1329.8
10.417 1403.2
10.500 1440.1
10.583 1458.8
10.667 1462.7
10.750 1455.2

Page 33
 Sheet5

10.833 1452.3
10.917 1463.5
11.000 1467.4
11.083 1471.3
11.167 1482.2
11.250 1493.3
11.333 1493.4
11.417 1501.0
11.500 1504.7
11.583 1508.3
11.667 1515.7
11.750 1519.3
11.833 1519.5
11.917 1556.2
12.000 1581.9
12.083 1622.2
12.167 1644.2
12.250 1633.2
12.333 1629.5
12.417 1625.8
12.500 1633.1
12.583 1629.3
12.667 1622.0
12.750 1618.1
12.833 1618.0
12.917 1614.2
13.000 1548.4
13.083 1541.0
13.167 1537.3
13.250 1518.6
13.333 1489.2
13.417 1477.9
13.500 1466.7
13.583 1448.2
13.667 1429.6
13.750 1422.1
13.833 1414.4
13.917 1399.5
14.000 1498.9
14.083 1373.2
14.167 1387.4
14.250 1398.0
14.333 1353.8
14.417 1335.3

Page 34
 Sheet5

14.500 1309.2
14.583 1279.2
14.667 1260.5
14.750 1304.1
14.833 1344.8
14.917 1255.2
15.000 1148.7
15.083 1122.4
15.167 1077.5
15.250 1106.5
15.333 1028.9
15.417 1028.0
15.500 994.2
15.583 1061.6
15.667 944.9
15.750 1037.4
15.833 1007.3
15.917 999.0
16.000 973.1
16.083 938.7
16.167 851.5
16.250 781.9
16.333 727.3
16.417 751.9
16.500 599.7
16.583 747.4
16.667 745.5
16.750 779.3
16.833 713.0
16.917 626.8
17.000 656.8
17.083 644.0
17.167 602.3
17.250 569.4
17.333 492.0
17.417 500.5
17.500 507.9
17.583 459.5
17.667 355.6
17.750 305.3
17.833 290.4
17.917 174.0
18.000 174.0
18.083 223.7

Page 35
 Sheet5

18.167 191.7
18.250 149.1
18.333 138.5
18.417 138.5
18.500 131.4
18.583 131.4
18.667 117.2
18.750 117.2
18.833 106.5
18.917 116.4
19.000 115.6
19.083 93.4
19.167 85.4
19.250 80.4
19.333 72.9
19.417 63.2
19.500 46.7
19.583 35.0
19.667 28.1
19.750 22.6
19.833 17.9
19.917 13.3
20.000 11.0
20.083 8.4
20.167 0.0
20.250 0.0
20.333 0.0
20.417 0.0
20.500 0.0
20.583 0.0
20.667 0.0
20.750 0.0
20.833 0.0
20.917 0.0
21.000 0.0
21.083 0.0
21.167 0.0
21.250 0.0
21.333 0.0
21.417 0.0
21.500 0.0
21.583 0.0
21.667 0.0
21.750 0.0

Page 36
 Sheet5

21.833 0.0
21.917 0.0
22.000 0.0
22.083 0.0
22.167 0.0
22.250 0.0
22.333 0.0
22.417 0.0
22.500 0.0
22.583 0.0
22.667 0.0
22.750 0.0
22.833 0.0
22.917 0.0
23.000 0.0
23.083 0.0
23.167 0.0
23.250 0.0
23.333 0.0
23.417 0.0
23.500 0.0
23.583 0.0
23.667 0.0
23.750 0.0
23.833 0.0
23.917 0.0
24 0.0

Depth range or depth / m =

Daily insolation
/mol m-2 48.81

Half hour time averages

Page 37
 Sheet5

ynthesis.

ues of a, b, Pm, R, and Q' from Sheet 1 into B5:B9.

ue of Q10, if known, in E9; otherwise enter 2
th and chlorophyll concentrations from Sheet 2 into A14:D44
ths, irradiance ratios and temperatures from Sheet 3 into A48:C78
es and subsurface irradiances from Sheet 4 into A86:B374
al of photosynthesis is calculated in table 5, from cells Q86:AU374
10.09 mmol O2 m
-2
24-hours Date: Latitude:
Dawn-dusk 12.45 mmol O2 m
-2
Daily insolation: 48.8
d from Table of 30-min averages, Q382:AU429

Phytoplankton photosynthesis by Aphanizomenon,

Baltic Sea, 2 August 1993

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
Page 38 25 26
Depth / metres
-40
0 1 2 3 4 5 Sheet5
6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18 19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
Depth / metres

Page 39
Sheet5

Depth / m =
Dawn-Dusk
24-Hour

Page 40
 Sheet5

mol m-2

Aphanizomenon,

22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
9 20 4.0
21 22 2.0
23 24
25 26 Page 41
27 28
29 300.0 Solar time / hours
 14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
Sheet5
6.0
9 20 4.0
21 22 2.0
23 24
25 26
27 28
29 300.0 Solar time / hours

Table 5. Photosynthesis through depths and at times throughout the day.

Time / h Temperature, chlorophyll concentrations at times shown, and relative irradianc

8.00 h  15.51 15.51 15.50 15.50 15.50

8.00 N1 /mg m-3 0.856 0.846 0.836 0.826 0.784

Page 42
 Sheet5

12.00 h Iz/Io 1.000 0.728 0.530 0.386 0.281

Depth / m 0 1 2 3 4
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41

Page 43
 Sheet5

-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41

-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-15.86 -17.67 -18.90 -19.72 -19.45
-13.57 -16.01 -17.70 -18.85 -18.85
-8.87 -12.58 -15.20 -17.04 -17.59
-6.27 -10.67 -13.81 -16.03 -16.88
13.13 3.80 -3.14 -8.21 -11.40
19.68 8.77 0.58 -5.46 -9.46
25.99 13.61 4.23 -2.74 -7.54
35.05 20.64 9.57 1.26 -4.69
40.82 25.18 13.05 3.88 -2.82
51.75 33.89 19.80 9.01 0.87
59.44 40.14 24.70 12.77 3.59
69.07 48.09 31.02 17.66 7.16
78.03 55.64 37.10 22.41 10.65
72.38 50.87 33.25 19.39 8.43
90.61 66.51 46.03 29.48 15.89
108.35 82.46 59.51 40.39 24.11
118.05 91.55 67.43 46.94 29.11
124.67 97.93 73.10 51.70 32.79
131.99 105.18 79.68 57.29 37.16
140.42 113.84 87.72 64.26 42.68
147.73 121.63 95.17 70.85 47.97
152.18 126.55 99.98 75.18 51.49
157.68 132.83 106.27 80.94 56.22
159.27 134.69 108.18 82.70 57.69
161.51 137.36 110.93 85.27 59.83
166.44 143.42 117.33 91.34 64.97
172.93 151.90 126.66 100.46 72.84
175.88 156.01 131.36 105.20 77.02
178.09 159.23 135.17 109.11 80.52
179.72 161.69 138.15 112.23 83.33
182.55 166.21 143.80 118.26 88.89
184.17 168.97 147.41 122.23 92.61
183.27 167.41 145.35 119.96 90.48
183.27 167.42 145.36 119.97 90.48
184.38 169.35 147.90 122.78 93.13
185.30 170.99 150.12 125.27 95.50
185.09 170.61 149.60 124.69 94.95

Page 44
 Sheet5

186.46 173.22 153.20 128.80 98.91

187.39 175.10 155.90 131.96 102.01
187.86 176.12 157.39 133.74 103.77
188.79 178.26 160.66 137.71 107.77
190.34 182.80 168.26 147.51 118.05
190.42 183.11 168.81 148.26 118.86
190.63 184.10 170.68 150.85 121.70
190.73 184.70 171.89 152.56 123.61
190.50 183.47 169.49 149.19 119.88
190.63 184.13 170.75 150.94 121.80
190.68 184.37 171.22 151.60 122.54
190.78 185.11 172.72 153.76 124.97
190.80 185.46 173.47 154.85 126.21
190.82 185.85 174.32 156.12 127.67
190.82 186.27 175.28 157.57 129.37
190.77 186.80 176.57 159.58 131.75
190.76 186.87 176.73 159.83 132.05
190.66 187.30 177.87 161.68 134.30
190.58 187.54 178.58 162.86 135.74
190.51 187.69 179.03 163.63 136.71
190.45 187.79 179.37 164.20 137.43
190.36 187.94 179.88 165.09 138.56
190.10 188.23 180.96 167.05 141.10
190.05 188.27 181.14 167.39 141.55
189.75 188.45 182.05 169.14 143.89
189.77 188.44 181.99 169.03 143.74
189.64 188.49 182.34 169.73 144.69
189.50 188.53 182.68 170.40 145.63
189.39 188.56 182.92 170.92 146.35
189.21 188.58 183.27 171.66 147.40
189.09 188.59 183.49 172.15 148.09
188.94 188.59 183.74 172.72 148.92
188.42 188.54 184.47 174.46 151.51
188.69 188.58 184.11 173.58 150.18
188.51 188.56 184.36 174.19 151.10
188.35 188.53 184.55 174.67 151.84
188.25 188.51 184.66 174.96 152.27
188.34 188.53 184.56 174.69 151.86
188.71 188.58 184.08 173.51 150.09
188.08 188.47 184.84 175.43 153.01
187.75 188.37 185.14 176.28 154.36
187.58 188.32 185.28 176.69 155.01
187.55 188.30 185.30 176.77 155.15
187.61 188.33 185.25 176.61 154.89

Page 45
 Sheet5

187.64 188.34 185.23 176.55 154.79

187.54 188.30 185.31 176.79 155.18
187.50 188.29 185.34 176.87 155.31
187.47 188.28 185.36 176.95 155.44
187.37 188.24 185.43 177.17 155.81
187.27 188.20 185.50 177.39 156.18
187.27 188.20 185.50 177.39 156.18
187.20 188.17 185.54 177.54 156.43
187.16 188.16 185.56 177.61 156.55
187.13 188.14 185.58 177.68 156.66
187.06 188.11 185.62 177.82 156.90
187.03 188.10 185.64 177.89 157.01
187.02 188.10 185.64 177.89 157.02
186.68 187.95 185.81 178.54 158.15
186.44 187.83 185.91 178.96 158.90
186.06 187.64 186.04 179.57 160.02
185.85 187.53 186.09 179.88 160.60
185.96 187.59 186.07 179.73 160.31
185.99 187.61 186.06 179.68 160.21
186.03 187.63 186.05 179.62 160.11
185.96 187.59 186.07 179.73 160.31
185.99 187.61 186.06 179.68 160.21
186.06 187.64 186.04 179.57 160.01
186.10 187.66 186.03 179.51 159.91
186.10 187.66 186.03 179.51 159.90
186.14 187.68 186.02 179.46 159.80
186.76 187.98 185.78 178.41 157.91
186.82 188.01 185.75 178.28 157.69
186.86 188.03 185.73 178.21 157.57
187.03 188.10 185.64 177.87 156.99
187.30 188.21 185.47 177.31 156.04
187.41 188.25 185.40 177.09 155.67
187.51 188.29 185.33 176.85 155.29
187.68 188.35 185.20 176.46 154.64
187.85 188.40 185.06 176.05 153.98
187.91 188.42 185.00 175.88 153.71
187.98 188.44 184.94 175.70 153.43
188.11 188.48 184.81 175.34 152.87
187.22 188.18 185.53 177.50 156.36
188.34 188.53 184.56 174.68 151.85
188.22 188.50 184.70 175.04 152.41
188.13 188.48 184.79 175.30 152.81
188.51 188.56 184.36 174.18 151.08
188.67 188.58 184.15 173.67 150.31

Page 46
 Sheet5

188.88 188.59 183.83 172.92 149.21

189.13 188.59 183.42 172.00 147.88
189.28 188.58 183.15 171.40 147.02
188.93 188.59 183.76 172.77 148.99
188.59 188.57 184.26 173.93 150.71
189.32 188.57 183.06 171.22 146.77
190.07 188.25 181.06 167.25 141.35
190.23 188.10 180.45 166.12 139.88
190.47 187.76 179.27 164.04 137.22
190.32 187.99 180.05 165.40 138.96
190.67 187.27 177.80 161.56 134.14
190.67 187.26 177.77 161.51 134.08
190.77 186.81 176.60 159.63 131.81
190.54 187.62 178.81 163.25 136.24
190.82 186.01 174.67 156.64 128.28
190.64 187.37 178.07 162.01 134.69
190.74 187.00 177.07 160.37 132.70
190.76 186.88 176.77 159.90 132.14
190.80 186.49 175.81 158.39 130.33
190.82 185.89 174.40 156.24 127.82
190.57 183.81 170.13 150.08 120.85
189.95 181.44 165.85 144.31 114.62
189.09 179.01 161.84 139.18 109.27
189.53 180.18 163.73 141.56 111.74
185.11 170.65 149.66 124.75 95.00
189.45 179.97 163.39 141.14 111.30
189.42 179.88 163.25 140.96 111.11
189.92 181.34 165.67 144.08 114.38
188.80 178.27 160.68 137.74 107.80
186.25 172.81 152.62 128.13 98.26
187.31 174.93 155.65 131.67 101.72
186.88 174.05 154.39 130.18 100.26
185.23 170.87 149.95 125.09 95.33
183.59 167.97 146.08 120.76 91.22
178.23 159.43 135.41 109.36 80.74
178.94 160.50 136.70 110.70 81.95
179.54 161.41 137.80 111.86 83.00
175.18 155.02 130.22 104.04 75.99
160.86 136.58 110.12 84.51 59.20
150.51 124.69 98.15 73.52 50.13
146.86 120.69 94.26 70.04 47.31
106.37 80.63 57.94 39.11 23.13
106.37 80.63 57.94 39.11 23.13
126.67 99.89 74.86 53.19 33.95

Page 47
 Sheet5

114.22 87.92 64.25 44.30 27.08

94.10 69.58 48.59 31.53 17.42
88.34 64.52 44.39 28.17 14.92
88.34 64.52 44.39 28.17 14.92
84.33 61.04 41.51 25.89 13.22
84.33 61.04 41.51 25.89 13.22
75.85 53.79 35.61 21.24 9.78
75.85 53.79 35.61 21.24 9.78
69.07 48.09 31.02 17.66 7.16
75.39 53.40 35.29 20.99 9.60
74.87 52.96 34.93 20.71 9.40
60.19 40.75 25.19 13.14 3.86
54.50 36.12 21.54 10.34 1.84
50.78 33.11 19.19 8.55 0.54
45.12 28.59 15.68 5.87 -1.39
37.40 22.49 10.98 2.32 -3.93
23.36 11.58 2.70 -3.88 -8.35
12.62 3.41 -3.43 -8.42 -11.55
6.02 -1.55 -7.10 -11.13 -13.46
0.62 -5.57 -10.07 -13.30 -14.98
-4.16 -9.11 -12.67 -15.20 -16.30
-8.97 -12.65 -15.25 -17.08 -17.61
-11.37 -14.40 -16.53 -18.00 -18.26
-14.12 -16.41 -17.98 -19.06 -18.99
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41

Page 48
 Sheet5

-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41

-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
-23.39 -23.12 -22.83 -22.55 -21.41
Double integral /mmol m-2 Column integrals /mmol m-3
0-21 0-30 0 1 2 3 4
12492.1 12454.6 2483.3 2351.1 2170.8 1939.9 1598.5
10150.6 10093.1 2294.9 2164.3 1985.7 1756.7 1424.3

12060.1 12010.2 2397.0 2269.5 2096.8 1873.8 1544.0

9791.5 9715.1 2215.2 2089.1 1918.1 1696.9 1375.8
Table of half-hour time averages for construction of graph
Depth / m 0 1 2 3 4
Solar time 0.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
/hours 0.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
1.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
1.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413

Page 49
 Sheet5

2.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413

2.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
3.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
3.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
4.0 -9.140 -12.708 -15.261 -17.067 -17.598
4.5 38.786 23.705 11.988 3.119 -3.341
5.0 89.416 65.851 45.724 29.379 15.890
5.5 142.444 116.327 90.320 66.704 44.718
6.0 169.019 147.102 121.604 95.682 68.811
6.5 182.895 166.842 144.662 119.239 89.819
7.0 186.815 174.050 154.478 130.361 100.486
7.5 190.541 183.719 169.979 149.884 120.652
8.0 190.777 185.645 173.930 155.580 127.085
8.5 190.553 187.521 178.576 162.884 135.799
9.0 189.802 188.401 181.860 168.792 143.432
9.5 188.956 188.575 183.667 172.582 148.740
10.0 188.372 188.528 184.509 174.575 151.692
10.5 187.679 188.346 185.194 176.446 154.626
11.0 187.345 188.228 185.444 177.219 155.890
11.5 187.014 188.094 185.644 177.905 157.048
12.0 186.055 187.638 186.036 179.575 160.026
12.5 186.059 187.641 186.038 179.576 160.024
13.0 187.031 188.099 185.628 177.861 156.979
13.5 187.840 188.396 185.056 176.046 153.985
14.0 188.180 188.470 184.680 175.063 152.470
14.5 189.020 188.582 183.580 172.372 148.428
15.0 190.406 187.772 179.398 164.311 137.605
15.5 190.711 186.947 176.998 160.301 132.643
16.0 190.128 182.803 168.625 148.292 119.106
16.5 188.159 177.155 159.212 136.132 106.310
17.0 183.363 167.959 146.364 121.294 91.870
17.5 153.217 129.835 104.747 80.513 56.460
18.0 103.008 77.845 55.736 37.412 21.903
18.5 77.468 55.190 36.759 22.151 10.461

Page 50
 Sheet5

19.0 53.811 35.671 21.254 10.156 1.719

19.5 4.916 -2.314 -7.637 -11.502 -13.710
20.0 -19.841 -20.546 -20.971 -21.214 -20.484
20.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
21.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
21.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
22.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
22.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
23.0 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413
23.5 -23.390 -23.117 -22.828 -22.555 -21.413

Page 51
 Sheet5

hown, and relative irradiance at each depth

15.49 15.49 15.49 15.48 15.48 15.48 15.47

0.742 0.700 0.673 0.646 0.619 0.581 0.544

Page 52
 Sheet5

0.205 0.149 0.108 0.079 0.057 0.042 0.030

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83

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-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83

-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-18.91 -18.19 -17.72 -17.16 -16.56 -15.64 -14.68
-18.49 -17.90 -17.52 -17.02 -16.46 -15.57 -14.64
-17.62 -17.30 -17.10 -16.73 -16.25 -15.43 -14.54
-17.13 -16.96 -16.86 -16.56 -16.14 -15.35 -14.49
-13.32 -14.32 -15.01 -15.26 -15.23 -14.73 -14.06
-11.96 -13.38 -14.34 -14.79 -14.90 -14.51 -13.91
-10.61 -12.44 -13.68 -14.33 -14.57 -14.28 -13.76
-8.61 -11.05 -12.69 -13.63 -14.09 -13.95 -13.53
-7.28 -10.12 -12.03 -13.17 -13.76 -13.72 -13.38
-4.67 -8.28 -10.73 -12.25 -13.11 -13.28 -13.07
-2.73 -6.92 -9.76 -11.56 -12.63 -12.94 -12.84
-0.18 -5.12 -8.47 -10.65 -11.99 -12.50 -12.54
2.34 -3.33 -7.19 -9.74 -11.35 -12.06 -12.24
0.73 -4.47 -8.01 -10.32 -11.76 -12.34 -12.43
6.14 -0.62 -5.24 -8.36 -10.37 -11.38 -11.77
12.16 3.71 -2.11 -6.12 -8.78 -10.28 -11.01
15.87 6.40 -0.16 -4.71 -7.78 -9.58 -10.54
18.62 8.40 1.31 -3.66 -7.02 -9.06 -10.17
21.91 10.81 3.08 -2.38 -6.11 -8.42 -9.74
26.10 13.90 5.35 -0.73 -4.93 -7.60 -9.16
30.16 16.92 7.59 0.90 -3.75 -6.78 -8.60
32.89 18.97 9.12 2.02 -2.95 -6.22 -8.21
36.59 21.76 11.20 3.55 -1.85 -5.44 -7.67
37.74 22.63 11.86 4.03 -1.50 -5.20 -7.50
39.44 23.92 12.83 4.74 -0.98 -4.83 -7.25
43.53 27.04 15.19 6.48 0.28 -3.94 -6.63
49.90 31.97 18.94 9.27 2.32 -2.50 -5.62
53.34 34.65 21.00 10.81 3.44 -1.70 -5.06
56.24 36.93 22.76 12.13 4.42 -1.01 -4.58
58.60 38.80 24.21 13.22 5.22 -0.44 -4.18
63.31 42.56 27.15 15.44 6.86 0.73 -3.36
66.50 45.14 29.18 16.98 8.00 1.55 -2.78
64.67 43.65 28.01 16.09 7.34 1.08 -3.12
64.67 43.66 28.01 16.10 7.34 1.08 -3.11
66.96 45.50 29.46 17.20 8.16 1.67 -2.70
69.02 47.18 30.79 18.21 8.92 2.21 -2.32
68.53 46.79 30.48 17.97 8.74 2.08 -2.41

Page 54
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72.01 49.63 32.74 19.70 10.03 3.00 -1.76

74.75 51.90 34.55 21.10 11.07 3.76 -1.23
76.34 53.21 35.60 21.91 11.68 4.20 -0.91
79.95 56.24 38.05 23.81 13.11 5.23 -0.18
89.51 64.40 44.74 29.04 17.08 8.11 1.87
90.29 65.08 45.30 29.49 17.42 8.36 2.05
93.01 67.46 47.29 31.06 18.62 9.24 2.68
94.87 69.09 48.65 32.15 19.46 9.85 3.12
91.26 65.92 46.00 30.04 17.84 8.67 2.27
93.11 67.55 47.36 31.12 18.67 9.27 2.70
93.83 68.17 47.88 31.54 18.99 9.51 2.87
96.20 70.27 49.65 32.94 20.07 10.30 3.44
97.42 71.36 50.57 33.68 20.64 10.72 3.74
98.88 72.66 51.67 34.57 21.32 11.22 4.10
100.57 74.19 52.97 35.61 22.13 11.82 4.53
102.98 76.38 54.85 37.13 23.30 12.69 5.16
103.29 76.67 55.09 37.33 23.46 12.80 5.24
105.61 78.79 56.92 38.82 24.62 13.67 5.86
107.11 80.18 58.14 39.81 25.39 14.24 6.28
108.13 81.13 58.96 40.48 25.92 14.63 6.56
108.89 81.84 59.58 40.99 26.32 14.93 6.78
110.09 82.97 60.57 41.80 26.96 15.41 7.12
112.82 85.56 62.86 43.70 28.45 16.52 7.93
113.31 86.02 63.27 44.04 28.72 16.72 8.08
115.89 88.50 65.49 45.88 30.18 17.82 8.88
115.72 88.34 65.34 45.76 30.08 17.75 8.83
116.78 89.37 66.26 46.53 30.70 18.21 9.17
117.83 90.39 67.19 47.31 31.32 18.68 9.50
118.65 91.20 67.91 47.92 31.81 19.05 9.78
119.84 92.37 68.98 48.82 32.53 19.59 10.17
120.63 93.16 69.70 49.43 33.01 19.96 10.44
121.59 94.11 70.57 50.17 33.61 20.41 10.78
124.64 97.19 73.42 52.60 35.57 21.90 11.87
123.07 95.60 71.94 51.34 34.55 21.13 11.30
124.15 96.69 72.95 52.20 35.25 21.66 11.69
125.04 97.59 73.79 52.92 35.83 22.10 12.02
125.56 98.13 74.29 53.35 36.17 22.37 12.21
125.06 97.61 73.81 52.93 35.84 22.11 12.03
122.96 95.49 71.84 51.25 34.48 21.07 11.26
126.45 99.04 75.14 54.08 36.77 22.82 12.55
128.10 100.75 76.75 55.47 37.91 23.69 13.19
128.91 101.60 77.55 56.17 38.48 24.13 13.52
129.08 101.77 77.72 56.31 38.59 24.22 13.58
128.76 101.44 77.40 56.04 38.37 24.05 13.45

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128.63 101.31 77.28 55.93 38.28 23.98 13.40

129.12 101.81 77.76 56.35 38.62 24.24 13.60
129.28 101.99 77.92 56.49 38.74 24.33 13.67
129.45 102.16 78.09 56.63 38.86 24.42 13.73
129.91 102.64 78.55 57.04 39.19 24.68 13.92
130.37 103.13 79.01 57.44 39.52 24.93 14.11
130.37 103.14 79.02 57.45 39.52 24.94 14.11
130.69 103.47 79.34 57.73 39.75 25.11 14.24
130.84 103.63 79.49 57.86 39.86 25.20 14.31
130.99 103.79 79.64 57.99 39.97 25.28 14.37
131.29 104.11 79.95 58.26 40.19 25.45 14.50
131.44 104.26 80.10 58.39 40.30 25.54 14.56
131.44 104.27 80.11 58.40 40.31 25.54 14.56
132.89 105.83 81.61 59.72 41.40 26.38 15.19
133.88 106.89 82.64 60.64 42.15 26.97 15.63
135.37 108.52 84.23 62.05 43.33 27.89 16.31
136.15 109.39 85.09 62.81 43.97 28.38 16.68
135.76 108.96 84.66 62.43 43.65 28.13 16.50
135.63 108.81 84.51 62.30 43.54 28.05 16.43
135.49 108.66 84.37 62.18 43.43 27.97 16.37
135.76 108.95 84.65 62.43 43.64 28.13 16.49
135.62 108.80 84.51 62.30 43.54 28.05 16.43
135.36 108.51 84.22 62.04 43.32 27.88 16.31
135.22 108.36 84.07 61.91 43.21 27.79 16.24
135.21 108.35 84.07 61.91 43.21 27.79 16.24
135.08 108.20 83.92 61.77 43.10 27.71 16.18
132.59 105.50 81.29 59.44 41.17 26.20 15.06
132.30 105.19 80.99 59.18 40.95 26.04 14.93
132.15 105.03 80.84 59.04 40.84 25.95 14.87
131.41 104.23 80.07 58.37 40.28 25.52 14.55
130.20 102.95 78.84 57.29 39.40 24.84 14.04
129.73 102.46 78.37 56.88 39.06 24.58 13.85
129.25 101.95 77.89 56.46 38.72 24.31 13.65
128.46 101.12 77.10 55.78 38.15 23.88 13.33
127.64 100.27 76.29 55.08 37.58 23.44 13.01
127.30 99.92 75.97 54.80 37.35 23.27 12.88
126.96 99.56 75.63 54.51 37.12 23.09 12.75
126.28 98.86 74.98 53.94 36.66 22.74 12.48
130.60 103.38 79.25 57.65 39.69 25.06 14.21
125.05 97.61 73.81 52.93 35.84 22.11 12.02
125.72 98.29 74.44 53.48 36.28 22.45 12.27
126.21 98.79 74.91 53.88 36.61 22.70 12.46
124.13 96.67 72.93 52.18 35.23 21.65 11.68
123.23 95.76 72.09 51.46 34.65 21.20 11.36

Page 56
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121.93 94.45 70.88 50.43 33.82 20.58 10.89

120.39 92.92 69.48 49.24 32.86 19.85 10.36
119.41 91.94 68.59 48.49 32.27 19.40 10.03
121.67 94.19 70.65 50.23 33.66 20.45 10.80
123.69 96.23 72.52 51.83 34.95 21.43 11.52
119.12 91.66 68.34 48.28 32.09 19.27 9.93
113.10 85.82 63.09 43.89 28.60 16.64 8.01
111.50 84.30 61.74 42.77 27.72 15.98 7.54
108.66 81.63 59.40 40.84 26.20 14.84 6.71
110.51 83.36 60.92 42.09 27.19 15.58 7.24
105.45 78.64 56.80 38.71 24.54 13.60 5.82
105.38 78.58 56.75 38.67 24.51 13.58 5.80
103.04 76.44 54.90 37.17 23.33 12.71 5.17
107.63 80.67 58.56 40.15 25.66 14.44 6.42
99.48 73.21 52.13 34.94 21.60 11.43 4.25
106.02 79.17 57.26 39.09 24.83 13.82 5.97
103.96 77.28 55.62 37.76 23.79 13.05 5.42
103.38 76.75 55.16 37.38 23.50 12.84 5.26
101.54 75.07 53.72 36.22 22.60 12.17 4.78
99.02 72.79 51.78 34.65 21.38 11.27 4.13
92.19 66.74 46.68 30.58 18.25 8.97 2.49
86.28 61.61 42.44 27.23 15.70 7.11 1.15
81.32 57.39 38.99 24.53 13.66 5.62 0.10
83.59 59.32 40.56 25.76 14.58 6.30 0.58
68.58 46.83 30.51 18.00 8.76 2.09 -2.40
83.18 58.97 40.27 25.54 14.41 6.17 0.49
83.01 58.82 40.15 25.44 14.34 6.12 0.45
86.05 61.42 42.28 27.11 15.61 7.04 1.11
79.98 56.26 38.07 23.82 13.12 5.23 -0.18
71.44 49.16 32.36 19.42 9.82 2.85 -1.86
74.50 51.69 34.38 20.97 10.98 3.69 -1.27
73.20 50.61 33.52 20.31 10.48 3.33 -1.53
68.86 47.06 30.69 18.14 8.86 2.17 -2.35
65.31 44.17 28.42 16.40 7.57 1.24 -3.00
56.43 37.08 22.88 12.22 4.48 -0.97 -4.55
57.44 37.88 23.50 12.68 4.82 -0.72 -4.38
58.32 38.58 24.04 13.09 5.12 -0.51 -4.23
52.48 33.98 20.49 10.42 3.16 -1.90 -5.20
38.94 23.54 12.54 4.53 -1.14 -4.94 -7.32
31.84 18.18 8.53 1.59 -3.26 -6.43 -8.36
29.65 16.55 7.31 0.70 -3.90 -6.88 -8.67
11.44 3.19 -2.49 -6.39 -8.97 -10.41 -11.11
11.44 3.19 -2.49 -6.39 -8.97 -10.41 -11.11
19.49 9.04 1.77 -3.32 -6.78 -8.89 -10.06

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14.36 5.30 -0.96 -5.28 -8.19 -9.87 -10.73

7.25 0.18 -4.67 -7.94 -10.07 -11.18 -11.63
5.43 -1.13 -5.61 -8.62 -10.55 -11.51 -11.86
5.43 -1.13 -5.61 -8.62 -10.55 -11.51 -11.86
4.20 -2.01 -6.24 -9.07 -10.87 -11.73 -12.01
4.20 -2.01 -6.24 -9.07 -10.87 -11.73 -12.01
1.71 -3.78 -7.51 -9.97 -11.51 -12.17 -12.31
1.71 -3.78 -7.51 -9.97 -11.51 -12.17 -12.31
-0.18 -5.12 -8.47 -10.65 -11.99 -12.50 -12.54
1.58 -3.87 -7.58 -10.02 -11.54 -12.19 -12.33
1.43 -3.97 -7.65 -10.07 -11.58 -12.22 -12.34
-2.54 -6.78 -9.66 -11.49 -12.58 -12.91 -12.82
-3.98 -7.80 -10.39 -12.01 -12.94 -13.16 -12.99
-4.91 -8.45 -10.85 -12.33 -13.17 -13.32 -13.10
-6.27 -9.41 -11.53 -12.81 -13.51 -13.55 -13.26
-8.07 -10.67 -12.42 -13.45 -13.95 -13.86 -13.47
-11.18 -12.84 -13.96 -14.53 -14.71 -14.38 -13.82
-13.42 -14.40 -15.06 -15.30 -15.25 -14.75 -14.08
-14.75 -15.32 -15.71 -15.75 -15.57 -14.97 -14.22
-15.81 -16.05 -16.22 -16.11 -15.82 -15.14 -14.34
-16.73 -16.69 -16.67 -16.43 -16.04 -15.29 -14.44
-17.63 -17.31 -17.11 -16.73 -16.26 -15.44 -14.54
-18.08 -17.62 -17.32 -16.88 -16.36 -15.51 -14.59
-18.59 -17.97 -17.57 -17.06 -16.48 -15.59 -14.65
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83

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-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83

-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83
-20.26 -19.12 -18.37 -17.62 -16.87 -15.86 -14.83

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1252.3 930.0 664.8 442.8 266.8 130.8 33.9
1087.4 774.2 515.0 299.0 129.1 1.4 -87.2
Dawn-Dusk 11.48
24-h 10.01
Euphotic depth finders
1210.5 899.0 642.6 428.3 258.1 126.5 32.8
1051.0 748.4 497.8 289.3 124.9 1.4 -84.4
uction of graph
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832

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-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832

-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-20.258 -19.117 -18.373 -17.617 -16.874 -15.858 -14.832
-17.619 -17.298 -17.098 -16.725 -16.251 -15.432 -14.541
-7.643 -10.365 -12.206 -13.289 -13.844 -13.780 -13.414
6.175 -0.573 -5.198 -8.316 -10.335 -11.357 -11.754
27.711 15.128 6.275 -0.050 -4.436 -7.253 -8.924
46.700 29.523 17.096 7.910 1.330 -3.197 -6.106
64.117 43.219 27.670 15.839 7.155 0.943 -3.208
73.433 50.823 33.701 20.451 10.592 3.411 -1.468
92.007 66.583 46.557 30.485 18.181 8.919 2.448
98.313 72.175 51.266 34.246 21.073 11.044 3.972
107.186 80.262 58.211 39.872 25.445 14.281 6.305
115.390 88.029 65.066 45.536 29.909 17.619 8.731
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
-42.8 -27.9 -12.1 -9.8 -6.7 -4.6 -3.4
-67.2 -43.4 -18.7 -15.1 -10.2 -7.1 -5.2

-42.2 -27.6 -12.1 -10.5 -8.9 -7.1 -5.6

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19 20 21 22 23 24 25
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7.77 7.33 7.80 7.20 6.50

0.010 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 Row integrals

/mmol m-2 h-1

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0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 through depths /m

26 27 28 29 30 Depth / m 0-21
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-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1129
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1128
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1136
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1144
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1150
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1158
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1164
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1171
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1194
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1182
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1190
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1197
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1201
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1197
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1182
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1208
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1220
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1226
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1227
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1225

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-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1224

-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1228
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1229
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1230
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1234
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1237
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1237
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1240
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1241
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1242
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1244
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1245
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1246
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1257
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1264
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1276
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1282
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1279
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1278
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1277
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1279
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1278
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1276
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1275
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1275
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1274
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1254
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1252
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1251
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1245
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1236
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1232
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1229
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1223
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1217
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1214
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1211
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1206
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1239
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1197
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1202
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1206
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1190
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1184

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-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1162
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1155
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1172
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1187
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1153
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1109
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1097
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1076
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1090
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1052
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1052
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1034
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1068
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1008
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.06 1057
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1041
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1037
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1023
-0.15 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 1004
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 953
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 907
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 868
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 886
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 763
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 883
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 881
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 905
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 857
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 787
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 813
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 802
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 765
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 735
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 656
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 665
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 673
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 619
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 487
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 412
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 388
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 172
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 172
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 271

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-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 209

-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 118
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 94
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 94
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 78
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 78
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 44
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 44
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 18
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 42
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 40
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -16
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -36
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -50
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -70
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -96
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -143
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -178
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -199
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -215
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -230
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -245
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -252
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -260
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288

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-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288

-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
-0.16 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.06 -288
Double integral /mmol m-2
26 27 28 29 30 0-21 m
-2.5 -1.5 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 12492.1
-3.7 -2.2 -2.1 -1.8 -1.5 10150.6

-4.1 -2.5 -2.3 -2.0 -1.8

-6.2 -3.8 -3.4 -3.1 -2.8

26 27 28 29 30
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064

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-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064

-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.063
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.086 -0.075 -0.064
-0.154 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.155 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.092 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.156 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064

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-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064

-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064
-0.157 -0.093 -0.087 -0.075 -0.064

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Row integrals
/mmol m-2 h-1

Page 94
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through depths /m
0-30
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290

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-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-268
-261
-247
-239
-179
-158
-137
-107
-87
-49
-21
15
50
28
101
179
225
259
297
346
391
421
460
472
489
531
593
625
652
673
715
743
727
727
747
764
760

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790
812
825
855
930
936
957
971
943
957
963
981
990
1001
1014
1032
1034
1051
1062
1070
1075
1084
1104
1108
1127
1126
1133
1141
1147
1156
1162
1169
1192
1180
1188
1195
1199
1195
1179
1205
1218
1224
1225
1223

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1222
1225
1227
1228
1231
1235
1235
1237
1239
1240
1242
1243
1243
1254
1262
1274
1280
1277
1276
1275
1277
1276
1274
1273
1272
1271
1252
1250
1249
1243
1234
1230
1226
1220
1214
1212
1209
1204
1237
1195
1200
1203
1188
1181

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1172
1160
1153
1170
1185
1151
1106
1095
1074
1087
1050
1049
1032
1066
1006
1054
1039
1035
1021
1002
950
905
866
884
761
880
879
903
855
785
810
799
763
733
654
663
671
617
484
409
385
170
170
269

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207
116
92
92
75
75
41
41
15
40
38
-18
-39
-52
-72
-99
-146
-180
-201
-218
-233
-247
-254
-263
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290

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-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
-290
ouble integral /mmol m-2
0-30 m
12454.6
10093.1

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Calculation of the daily integral of photosynthesis by numerical integration: sim

Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996 http://bio.bris.ac.uk./research/walsby/integral.htm.
Shorter (less complex) version without adjustments of attenuation and vertical chlorophyll distribution thr
The full version is on Complex.htm
This spreadsheet is freely available on http://www.bio.bris.ac.uk/research/walsby/integral.htm
The only condition of use is that publications should cite this source and the original paper:
A. E. Walsby (1997) Numerical integration of phytoplankton photosynthesis through time and depth in a water c
This paper contains full working instructions.

Contents
There are 5 spreadsheets. Data must be entered into the first four; a table of calculations is copied from each into
Sheet 1: Photosynthesis/Irradiance (P/I) measurements. Sheet 2: Vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration

Sheet 3: Vertical distribution of irradiance and temperatSheet 4: Surface irradiance and wind throughout 24 hours
Sheet 5. Numerical integration sheet, which calculates the daily integrals of photosynthesis (and insolation) autom

Outline instructions
Rename the file with your sample name before changing values.
Sheet 1. P/I curve-fitting spreadsheet
1. Delete numbers in column columns A and B, rows 11-30.
2. Enter data from measurements of photosynthetic rate (mmol O2 (mg Chl)-1 h-1 ) at different photon irradiance ir
Enter irradiance in column A11-A30. Enter photosynthethetic rate in column B11-B30.
3. Follow instructions in column F1-F12, to use solver to find values of a, b,
, Pm and R.
4. Enter temperature at which measurements were recorded in B7.
5. Copy values in cells A3-B7 to Sheet 5, Table 1, cells A5-B9.

Sheet 2. Table for calculating the the chlorophyll concentration at intermediate depths. Ó A.E. Walsby, 19
1. Enter depth at same intervals as in Sheet 3 in column A.
2. Enter chlorophyll concentrations in column B at appropriate depths.
Calculate intermediate depths by formula used below bold type cells, adjusting for the depth interval
3. Copy values in columns A7:40 and B7:40 to sheet 5, Table 2, columns A and B11-44.

Sheet 3. Table for calculating light attenuation and temperatutre. Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996
1. Enter depth (metres) in Column A10-40, and measurements of irradiance (any units) in B10-40.
Enter temperatures in Column F10-F40.
2. The loge of irradiance is automatically calculated in column C.
3. Inspect graph of logeIz (column C) vs. depth (column A).

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 Sheet6

4. If the slope of lnIz vs. depth is constant, do regression analysis on columns C and A, as instructed on Sheet.
Intercept gives calculated surface irradiance: enter in cell D5.
X-variable gives slope = attenuation coefficient: enter in cell D6
Copy down cell D10 to D40 to calculate smoothed value of irradiance throughout depth range.
4. If the slope of lnIz vs. depth shows a change at depth, say, 16 m, do regression analysis on columns C20-36 an
5. Values of Iz/I0 are automatically calculated in column G.
6. Copy values in cells E10-40 and F10-40 to Sheet 5, Table 3, Cells B48-78 and C48-78.

Sheet 4. Irradiance under the water surface, with corrections for reflection, adjusted for wind and cloud.
1. Enter date in C8; 1 Jan of year in D8; Lattitude N (or -S) in H8 (in degrees, not degrees and minutes).
2. Enter ratio of Ia /E, given by comparison of meter readings , in M8.
3. Enter time, t, irradiance, E, and wind speed, Uw, in columns B,C, D.
4. Underwater irradiance appears in column J16-J304;
copy values in B16:304 and J16:304 to Sheet 5, Table 4, Column B86-B374

Sheet 5. Table for calculating the daily integral of photosynthesis.

The daily integral of photosynthesis is recalculated automatically on entering the new data from Sheets 1-4.
Only one other detail needs to be checked:
1. Adjust the Q10 in cell E9: if no value is determined enter 2.0.

A graph of photosynthesis through depth and time is displayed.

The daily integral of photon irradiance under the water surface is given in cell N10.
The daily integral of photosynthesis is given in cell H10.
Daily integrals at each depth are given in row 378, columns 0 to AU
Integrals for the water column at each time of day are given in column AW, rows 86-374.
Values for each time and depth are given in the main calculating table, O86-AU374.

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al integration: simple version.

orophyll distribution throughout the day.

me and depth in a water column. New Phytologist 136: 000-000 (in press).

is copied from each into Sheet 5.

chlorophyll concentration.

wind throughout 24 hours.

sis (and insolation) automatically on entering data into the 4 tables.

rent photon irradiance irradiances (mmol m-2 s-1).

pths. Ó A.E. Walsby, 1996

ng for the depth interval as necessary.

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 Sheet6

as instructed on Sheet.

hout depth range.

s on columns C20-36 and A20-36.

ted for wind and cloud.

es and minutes).

ta from Sheets 1-4.

ows 86-374.

Page 105