Cognitive (Nature)

It has long been known that certain physical characteristics are biologically
determined by genetic inheritance.  Color of eyes, straight or curly hair,
pigmentation of the skin and certain diseases (such as Huntingdon’s chorea) are
all a function of the genes we inherit.

And this is why many speculate as to whether psychological characteristics such

as behavioral tendencies, personality attributes, and mental abilities are also
“wired in” before we are even born.

Those who adopt an extreme hereditary position are known as nativists. For
them, the earlier a particular ability appears, the more likely it is to be under the
influence of genetic factors. Estimates of genetic influence are called heritability.

Examples of an extreme nature positions in psychology include Chomsky (1965),

who proposed language is gained through the use of an innate language
acquisition device. Another example of nature is Freud's theory of aggression as
being an innate drive (called Thanatos).

Another example of nature position in philosophy include Plato and Descartes,

who believed that there are, indeed, some forms of knowledge which are built in,
as it were, to the human psyche.

An example of those built in is Perfect Pitch. It is the ability to detect the pitch of a
musical tone without any reference. Researchers have found that this ability
tends to run in the families and believe that it might be tied to a single gene. But
of course musical training is still needed in order for it to manifest fully in itself.

Moreover, intelligence has been found to run along family lines. Studies
demonstrate that children born of parents with high IQ are likely to exhibit high
IQ. This implies that genes concerned with intelligence are passed over from
parents to their children. This has been justified through allelic studies which
reaffirm that children possess hereditary genes from their parents.
We can relate this to Einstein. After Einstein’s death on 1955, Einstein’s brain was
stolen, was cut into pieces and was studied by scientists. They discovered that
Einstein’s brain had 17% more neurons than the normal brain which gives him
more brain power. Further studies proved that his brain was missing a wrinkle
called Parietal Operculum and due to that his Parietal Lobe was increased by 20%
where math and mental images are held responsible. As a result his ability to
imagine things was boosted. His intelligence itself is surprising due to
abnormalities but it’s also fair to say that his parents are smart enough. His father
by the way is an Electrical Engineer plus there are several references from
Einstein himself regarding his father using motors and such to show him the
wonders of science and engineering, so that probably helped steer him in the
direction of Physics while her mom was a well-educated and quiet woman who
had an inclination for the arts. She was talented and a dedicated pianist.

Therefore, genes linked to intelligence are inherited by children from their

parents the same way as the other gene segments, and they are expressed in
equal magnitudes as those concerned with other traits such as height,
pigmentation and gender.