= wuts and Specifeations for Tunneling - 9. PRIMARY TUNNEL Support 9.1 General This section covers the re ‘Support which shall be cor are necessary to establish quirements for materials and applic sidered to comprise those element: the stability of the excavated tunnels 9.2 General Requirements 92.1 Construction Method (1) The CONTRACTOR shall understand and recognize t Concepts of the construction method and shall appreciate each component of the tunnel support 9.2.2 Submissions tunnel support. (2) Manufacturers certificates of compliance shall be submit materials used meet Speciti ication requirements, (9) The method of installation of each type of support element Pertinent manufacturer's literature for dril by the CONTRACTOR to the ENGINEER. Specification and shall be submittedeurately to the ENGINEER, (2) The CONTRACTOR shall keep a record of the chainaffe of eac} shall keep this record updated as the face progresses: Thi SEOCONSULT-TYPSA Win astociaion wih ENGIIEERING E MANAGEMENT SERVICE and LOY Poge 77 UTPBiTO-TURGC_oD AAcontract and Specifications for Tunneting . available for consultation at any time at a convenient face, . (3) Allthe above records will be Submitted daily to the EN¢ 9.2.4 — Implementation of Tunne! ‘Support Work 1) The type and amount of tunne! Support to be installed i iS uleclly related to the rock classification as establis SLPPott associated with the established rocle classificat 2) The CONTRACTOR shail ensure that support elements \ | 9.2.5 Clearance Profiles See Section 6 of this Specification 82.6 Equipment and Material Supply installation wheneuar tanene(4) The CONTRACTOR shalt provide each materials and equipment to de leal in such as unexpecteg uns' ook conan prevent delays on the work. (6) Maintain constant and adequate. supply of shotcrete < excavation, such that shotcrete may be applied at any time (7) Provide adequate means of identifying the materials deliv Corresponding certificates. The identification shall remain convenient location adjacent to the element for which it is it 9.3 Shoterete for Primary Lining 9.3.4 93.2 General Shotcrete for the purpose of this work shall only be wet mix shc directed by the ENGINEER. This Section specifies basic and construction standards for coarse-aggregate shotcrete (both we! structural support for underground works and for application on ex Standards Shotcrete materials, production methods or application testing conform to the following Pakistan Standards or, where not covere the equivalent International Standards. In case of conflict between and the specifications given herein, the specifications shall take pri(1) National Standards i. General Specifications, National Highway Aut (2) Austrian Standard: li, Austrian Guideline for Shotcrete, Osterre (OBV), Oct. 1998 (3) European Standard: i, European Specification for Sprayed Concrete, ji, EN 480-12 (4) American Standards for Testing Materials: i. ASTM C150 - Standard Specification’ ji, ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concre ii, ASTM 4820 - Standard Specification for Si Reinforced Concrete iv, ASTM C 1018-89 ~ Standard test method for fi first crack strenglli fur fibre reinforced concrete ‘GEOCONSULT-TVPSA IV in assoslalon wih ENGINEERING & MANAGENENT SERVICE and Page 78 LIP-BTOTU-R-OC_004 ‘Special Conaitons of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling 934 Materials 9341 Cement (1) The type of cement to be used for shetcrete shall be ac standards (2)_A_specific fineness of the cement after Blaine between fecommended to achieve sufficient early strength of the s (3) The maximum temperature of the cement in the mixir limited to 70°C and it should not exceed 60°C at the time ( be fresh and stored in a dry area / sito.Povest 9.3.4.2 Aggregates (1) All fine and coarse aggregates to be used shall be < sources, which shall_not_be changed without _permissi. ENGINEER, Aggregates shall confirm {0 the requiremeni standards. (2) The aggregates shall be clean, strong and durable, suitab in detrimental amounts of dust, mud, clay or organic in (3) The content of chioride ion shail not exceed 0.35% by mass (4) The coarse aggregates shall not contain a large quantity of Ie (8) The maximum size of the aggregates shall not exceed 12 mr mm for dry process. Foportion of aggregate larger the t process in order to minimise rebe (8) The grain size distribution shall be as shown in Table 9,1 (7) Mis the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to choose the for the process and materials available. (8) Frozen aggregates shall not be used. Minimum temperature o be 5°C. (9) The amount of fine particles under 0.1mm shall not exceed 8% (10) uring rainy and cold weather periods, the aggregates for be stored undercover for at least 48 nours before being used ary. ‘GEOCONSULT-TYPSA JV in acscciouon wath ENGINEERING © MANAGEWENT SERVICE ana tt UTPBIIOTURGC_004 Spec ‘ondivons of Contract and Specificavons for Tunnsting 9.3.4 Materials 934.1 Cement (1) The type of cement to be used for shotcrete shall be acstandards, (2)_A_specifc fineness of the cement after Blaine between recommended to achieve sufficient early strength of the « —Bcommended te achieve sufficient early strength of the 5, (3) The maximum temperature of the cement in the mixir limited to 70°C and it should not exceed 60°C at the time « be fresh and stored in a dry area/ silo. 9.3.4.2 Aggregates (1) All fine and coarse aggregates to be used shall be ¢ " sources, which shall_not be changed without _permissi ENGINEER, Aggregates shall confirm {0 the requiremani standards. (2) The aggregates shall be clean, strong and durable, suitab sontain detrimental amounts of dust, mud, clay or organic in (3) The content of chloride ion shall not exceed 0.35% by mass (4) The coarse aggregates shall not contain a large quantity of I (5) The maximum size of the aggregates shall not exceed 12 mr mm for dry process. roportion of regate larger the t process in order to minimise rebc (6) The grain size distribution shall be as shown in Table 9.1 (7) His the responsibility of the CONTRACTOR to choose the for the process and materials available, (8) Frozen aggregates shall not be used. Minimum temperature o be S°C. (9) The amount of fine particles under 0.1mm shall not exceed 8% (10) During rainy and cold weather periods, the aggregates for be stored undercover for at least 48 hours before being used ary 'SA JV in association wih ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERUICE wi Ema UTP-BITOTURGC.004 ‘GEOCONSULT: a P2008t @” (8) 9.3.4.4 Water { Wat verified by the CONTRACTOR in field suitability tests properties for early and final strength as specified Specification. The dosage rate to be used shall be determined by produce early and final strength of shoterete accordin compatibility of the accelerator with the cement used conformity with the required early strength and + according to Clause 9.3.5.2 iii, Only alkali-free accelerators shall be used, The alkali c 1% mass (Na2O-equivalent, EN 480-12). iv. An addition to the dosage rate determined by the field exceed 2% of the cement content of the mix design b accelerator shail be kept to the minimum required for sp v, Automatic devices shall be used to add the accelerator. Hydration Control Admixtures i. Hydration Control Admixtures are added to the conc hydration and thus maintain workability and extend the application. li, To reactivate and neutralise the hydration control effec (activator) is added during spraying. The activator shail hydration contro! admixture following the manufacturer's, The effects and optimum dosages of hydration contr determined by the field suitability tests to the approve achieve the required open time and workability and the required in this Specification. Internal curing admixtures may be added to the basic n reduce loss of water and thus shrinkage and cracks and in the bond to the substrate and between layers. They can rep curing agents or other types of curing. The effects shatl suitability tests, The use of internal curing admixtur. ENGINEER’s approval. ter shall comply in all respect with the corresponding standar. : 9.345 Additives1) Additives, such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace the improvement of performance. and workability ete, may be ac of ENGINEER. The performance of the snotcrete mix wi determined by field suitability tests. ‘Special Condtions of Contr 935 and Specitications for Tunneling (2) Additives intended to be used shall be included in the te 9.3.8 of this Specification. (3) Additives shall be stored under the conditions specified manufacturers. The related storage Specifications and re presented by the CONTRACTOR to the ENGINEER for apy additives, Mix Design (1) The mix for shotcrete shall be designed by field suit: requirements of this Specification. The following factor consideration: (@ Material and gradation curves of agaregates +) Cement content Water-cement ratio ) Plasticizer or super plasticizer type and dosa + Hydration control admixture type and dosage «Internal curing admixtures, if any ®) Accelerating admixtures * Early and final strength —— + Strength loss to reference shoterete — * Rebound —-~ * Temperature of the mix Establish target slump and siump retention « performance and placement ’* Other additives, if any WY - 9.3.5.1 Cement Content (1) For the dry shotcrete process the quantity of cement shall kgi? dey mix. (2) For_the wet shotcrete process the minimum cement contents! (3) Variation from the above cement content for special cases a between the ENGINEER and the CONTRACTOR. The cen designed to meet the strength requirements of shotcrete appli ‘GEOCONSULT-TYPSA IW m assoriation vain ENGINEERING E MANAGENGNT SERVICE SOT CThgurn.cunee.eoe ns of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling 9.3.5.2 Requirements for shotcrete (1) Early Strength i. The early strength of shotcrete shall conform to the according to Figure 9-1. For explanations regarding tt Classes J1, J2 and J3 see Austrian Guideline for Shotcr Compressive St Minutes Hows Figure 9-1: Early Strength Requirement for Shotereteii, The measurement of early strength shall be done by needle, Hilti Shotbolt system (or equivalent) according t for Shotcrete, March 1999. Cores stronger than 10 N/n testing of shotcrete. (2) Further Strength Development i. The 72 hours strength of the shotcrete shall be atleast 1. ii, The strength of the shotcrete after 7 days shall be at lea 28 day strength of the mix. (3) Final Strength () The final strength of shotcrete shall conform to t Table 9-2. In addition, the long term strength sh sample age of 6 months. Any decrease of tt compared to the 28 days strength shall lead to fur possible adjustments in the mix design. Y GEOCONSULT-TVPGA W in saaoaaton win ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICE Page 65 UP-BI-TO-TUAGC_004 Special Conditions of Contiadt and Specifications for Tunneling — (ii) A factor of 0.85 between the Field Suitability test: {ests allows for effects of in-situ installation condi! GRADE 525 [830 Characteristic compressive cube”|25 [30 strength at 28 days (determined by Field Suitability Tests”) (Nimm*) Insitu strength requirements|21.° [25,5 (determined by Quality Contro! Tests”) (N / mm*] Table 9-2 » Cylinder specimen with a diameter of 100mm arxa Worione ou eyurraroi wy eave. 2) Specified strength is based on statistical minimu Data based on the average of tests shall exceed i 5.Nimm?. 93.6 Batching, Mixing and Transportation ! Truck mixers to be used for the transportation of shoterete und with approved exhaust filters. 1 9.3.6.1 Dry Shoterete Process (1) Cement and aggregates shall be batched in the pro designed. Measurement shall be done by weight. At tt aggregates shall have been dried or drained sufficient! ‘ moisture content, which shall not exceed 7 %. (2) Mixing of cement and aggregates shall be performed mech ' mixer. Shotcrete shail not be used unless placing can be cc of 80 minutes from the time of mixing unless a hydration ¢ that is suitable to inhibit setting and retain consistence for until placing the shoterete. The hydration control admixtun the ENGINEER. (3) The mixing time shall be in ac 5328). (4) A system of delivery notes shall mixing, mix design number, quantityS ° ' of placing, The delivery notes shail be available to the ENGI (5) For the dry process, powder or liquid type accelerating adr ~~" SEOCONSULT TVPEA Wan varovialion wan ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICE 3 Pye as LIP-O1FO-TUASE_ooe Special Conditions of to the dry-mix. The powder type accelerator shall be prop before the dry mix enters the shotcrete machine throug (dispenser). Periodic calibration checks shall be performec manufacturer's recommendation. Liquid type accelerator i dosage pump and added to the dry-mix at or near the no the noses to the nozzle shall be kept in good order.(6) Dry-Mix delivered to the shoterete machine shall have ar 5°C and a maximum temperature of 32°C. (7) During hot weather periods the water content of the aggreg shall be kept above 4%, in order to avoid coment loss at t! machine. (8) During transportation the dry mix shall be effectively protect of weather, 93.6.2 Wet Shotcrete Process (1) Only liquid types of accelerator apply to the wet process; th: near the nozzle. The delivery from the accelerator pump n propertional to the output of the concrete pump. Accelerate be periodically checked in accordance with the manufactu The nozzle must be such as to ensure a homogeneous mi with the wet-mix. (2) Shotcrete shall not be used unless placing can be complete minutes from the time of mixing unless a hydration control ¢ suitable to inhibit setting and retain consistence for the ti placing the shoterete. At high temperatures hydration cont used at all times to ensure fresh concrete and sufficient ope! (3) Concrete delivered to the shotcrete machine shall have a 15°C anda maximum temperature of 32°C. (4) A system of delivery notes shall be maintained to recorc mixing, mix design number, quantity, delivery point, time of of placing. The delivery notes shall apie the ENGI ws oe SV aN 9.3.7 Placing of Shotcrete of a pi (1) Rock or previously applied shotcrgte\suffaces ‘to be shotc ue cleaned of all loose material, scale Bad.ethir, contamination to use compressed air and a water jet - (2) The optimum distance between nozzle and surface of af meter. The nozzle shall be positioned at right angles to the GEOTONSULTTVPSA Wn sesocaion wih ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICE 97 age 87 LFP.BI-7O.TU.A.6¢_004 Spectal Conditions of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling(G7 the design thickness must be applied in more than one layer must have developed sufficient strength to support the (4) Lattice girders, roof ties, wire mesh and other reinforceme sholcrete as shown on the drawings. The minimum cover ¢ applied at the inner side of a tunnel lining shall be 2 ¢ drawings. (6) If more than one layer of reinforcement is used, the se positioned before the first one is embedded and ¢ Exemptions are to be approved by the ENGINEER (6)An sound rock the shotcrete shall follow the rock surface notches and comers. At projections of sound and hard shoterete thickness may be locally reduced to two thirds of This shall apply only to rock with UCS > 30 N/mm?. (7) Rebound shall be removed immediately after finishi application. In particular at horizontal shotcrete connec excavation eoquences and at all constriction joints the ret ifnecessary by pneumatic hammers, prior to further applica (8) Under no circumstances rebound material shall be construction. The work shall be continuously kept free of ret (9Measures to establish the thickness of shotcrete shi CONTRACTOR and approved by the ENGINEER. The guides installed prior to shotereting, holes drilled after com afull control by Jaser scanning. (10) If deemed necessary by the ENGINEER, curing of performed by water spraying or other appropriate measures of the ENGINEER in the first 48 hours after application (14Y Major ground water seepages shall be drained off pri application of a first sealing layer. (12) Nozzle men shall be trained in the correct application of si (13) The static compressed air capacity measured at the sl according 10 the manufacturer's recommendations and ger guidelines G 8.3.2 for wet process and G8.3.3 for dry proce: (14) Full personal protection equipment to protect the nozzle contact and inhalation of shoteréte’ and/or admixtures admixture manufacturer's precautions and. actions for acciprovided and adhered to. ty ———SEOEONSULT-TYPSA Win sssacaiion win ENGINEERING & MANAGENENT SERVICE 9 LiP-b1-TO-TUR-OC. 004 93.8 Testing of Shotcrete 93.8.1 Field Suitability Tests (Field Suitability Tests shall be carried out to determine t and establish a suitable range of accelerator dosage of field. (2) For each type of accelerating admixture and mix design at into test panels (2 nos. per trial mix) under site conditic dosages of the accelerating admixture shall be recommendation of the accelerator manufacturer. The ran shall conform to the recommendations by the accelerator m (3) The ambient temperature for the test shall be in accc conditions in the tunnel. (4yThe compressive strength development up to 1.2 Nimr indirectly by the Penetrometer using a plunger of 3 mm di Austrian Guideline for Shoterete, Clause 12.3.1. (5) The compressive strength development in the range betwer be determined using the HILTI shot belt method (or equir Austrian Guideline for Shoterete, Clause 12.3.2. (6) The compressive strength in the range above 10 Nimm? crushing of cylindrical shoterete specimens. After spraying, covered and not be moved for 18 hours after spraying. Cc shall be obtained from the panels between 18 and 24 ho cores for determination of Final Strength shall be stored in testing. The specimens shall have a diameter of 100mm ar 400mm, The ENGINEER may also require the drilling of cor perpendicular to the spraying direction. (7) The average value of five test results shall exceed the str Field Suitability Tests specified in Clause 9.3.5.2 (3) by 5 Ni(8) It must be demonstrated in field tests that a shoterete thic can be applied within 5 minutes in any direction 9.38.2 Quality Control Tests To ensure the spacified qualily of shotcrete in,thg structure, qualit performed as follows. oe (1) Aggregate During construction, the aggregate gradation shail be teste ditected by the ENGINEER and _shall_comply with C GEOCONSULT-TYPEA Jin assanation with ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERUCE oft ‘36.004 Pagead UPP.BLTO-TUs Special Conditions of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling Specification. (2) In-situ Early and Final Compressive Strength i. One test shall be made for every 100m? to 300m measured in theoretical quantities and as directed by thi strength shall be tested up to 30 minutes according t Specification. 12 cores shall be drilled per test from t cores shall be tested at 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. Every 500m? of shoterete applied, measured in theoretic final strength of shotcrete shall be tested. The specime means of core drilling at random places from the lini testing. The specimen shall have a diameter of 100mn 400mm. The average 28 days strength of 4 cores sh specified in Clause 9.3.5.2 (3) for quality control te ENGINEER may call for such testing also at 56 days. of ‘Shotcrete Thickness Testing The ENGINEER may call for confirmatory shotcrete thickr’ tunnel lining. The basic test shall consist of 4 nos. drill pattern. The average thickness of the 4 holes shall exce thickness. If not, the ENGINEER shall propose remedial + aril testing. (4) Slump Testing The ENGINEER may from time to time request siump testito contirm tnat ine aeiverea rx iy wiwine x zou vit established by the trail mix/suitability test work, ew 9.3.8.3 Additional Testing for Design Purpose (1) The ENGINEER may call for permeability tests as require Permeability tests shall be on in-situ cores taken from the t shall be taken from the top heading and/or bench and/or construction joints, in order to give information on the shotcrete. Another set of cores shall be taken at the top hes the bench-invert joint in order to give information of the perr joints. (2) The ENGINEER may call for additional compressive streng 9.39 Compressive Strength Failures ——GEOCONSULT-TYPSA IW in aeaoniaion with ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICE 31 oy 90 LIP.S1-TD-TU:R-C_O04 Special Conditions of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling 93.9.1 Failure of 1,3 or 7 day compressive strength tests: (1) Inform the ENGINEER (2) Immediate examination of tunnel lining in suspect area () Immediate examination of elements concerned in making, of shoterete (4) Assess the results of the geotechnical monitoring program (5) Prepare to take further tests, including in-situ cores (6) Take further compression tests as soon as possible (7) The ENGINEER may order measures for strengthening of t (G1 the strength is lower than 80% of the specified stress the the unit rate for shotcrete accordingly.9.3.9.2 Failure of Final Strength tests: (1) Inform the ENGINEER (2) Further cores shall be taken from the tunnel lining in U specimen to establish the area of non-conformance (2) Assess the results of the geotechnical monitoring program (4) The ENGINEER may order measures for strengthening of ti } (5) Same as (8) above Aap oy < fs e ©" 99.40 Measurement + ) 2 is of _shotéreté t (1) For surface works (slopes) the quant ere measured by the unit of cubic meters of SHattirete” inst : drawings and/or directed by the ENGINEER herein before with all its additional requirements in accordance with the Bill of Quantities. No separate remuneration for filling of + unless Clause (3) below applies. (2) For the primary lining of the tunnel, the quantities of shotc be measured by the unit of square meters of shoterete ir thickness as shown on the drawings andlor directed by ' before described and accepted with all its additional requ with the Unit Rates quoted in the Bill of Quantities. No se filling of over breaks will be made unless Clause (3) 6 sealing, filling of over breaks under Clause (3) below a GEQCONSULTAYPSA W 0 sesvcation wih ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT SERVICE 8 Page 31 UTP.OVTO-TURCC_Ob ‘Special Conditions of Contract and Specifications for Tunneling heading footings, the quantities of shoterete to be paid for nit of cubic meters of shotcrete installed as shown on the by the ENGINEER herein before described and accep requirements in accordance with the Unit Rate quoted int (9) If geological overbreak was unavoidable and exceeds “Bc : m? in volume, separate remuneration is foreseen for the : with shoterete according to the Unit Rate quoted in the Bil or void formed by overbreak shall be measured in-situ arI approved by the ENGINEER and certified for payment. (4) Where forepoling Is required, no separate remuneration fo will be made, i.e. the costs for the additional shotcrete I Primary shoterete lining costs. Additional costs for shotcre heading footing shall be compensated for by a sepa: Quantities, | 9.3.11 Payment (1) The accepted quantity measured as provided above shal | Rates shown in the Bill of Quantities which price and compensation for all labour, supervisors, materials, equipment, transportation, preparations, storage, cleaning operating, removal of rebound, temporary protection, testi tequired for production and application of shotcrete and for | as well as the costs of obtaining shotcrete test cores and of (2) in case the measured quantity as fen in Clause 9.3.4 | theoretical quantity calculated as per approved drawings, p ‘ to the theoretical quantity only. |S" 9.3.42. steet Fibre Reinforced Shoterete { 9.3.12.1 General (1) If deemed appropriate and approved by the ENGINEER, the | steel fibre reinforced shotcrete in the locations in the underg) plain shotcrete is indicated on the drawings. In that case, th. fibre reinforced shotcrete shall be the same as shown on | shoterete, (2) For application of fibre reinforced shotcrete, the Wet Method (3) When steel fibre reinforced shoicrete is used, the installe mesh, as shown on the Drawings, shall be omitted unless'6 ! the ENGINEER. } ‘GEOGONSULT-TYPSA JVin sssocialion wih ENGINEERING & MAN AGEMENT SERVICE ore Page 92 LTP.8r-TO.TURGe.c04Pé ‘ation of the primary tunnel 5 Of the tunnel fining which ne technical and design the function and merits of this Specification, the roval a comprehensive ing all elements of the ted certifying that the including description, ling, rock bolting etc, fficient time ahead of on, Nel support actually all be prepared ang © ENGINEER on a location of support 20r1, deviations from ‘ations, shotereteRassocmtes —— 1801-2005 77 location close to the relevant BINEER for approval, mediately after excavation Ned. The standard primary ‘on system is shown on the from the anticipated rock on the drawings for each tent during construction as Jance with Chapter 8.4 of will be installed or applied dable disintegration and nel. ®rground support shal) ‘ormance and current lent capacity to turf me. f spare parts shail be [PAW taquired for support d that for excavation / matters of tunnel ‘th the necessary lergency situations, flows ete Gai ork programme tp 2K TesoeIaTES— or20ss it tunnel heading during rered.to the site with the with the material up to a ntended, stcrete unless otherwise minimum materials and t & dry type) for use as cavated slopes. | and admixtures shall aby these standards, to the following standards ecedence.hority, Dec. 1998 ‘ichischer Betonverein Re Aggregates AZ leet ibres for Fibre- lexural toughness and Tova Assocares 16-01-2005 scording to coresponding 4,000 and 5,000% hotcrete. 19 plant silos should be otf mixing. Cement should‘upplied from approved on_in_writing _fror 'S of the corresponding ly graded and shail oot ‘purities of cement, ang stone pieces, n for wet process or 16 ‘9 8mm in size shoul ani Most suitable grading f the aggregates shal the dry process shalt and kept sutficienty 4 Bk rcordina ta rareaenn=oo eee eepunuinig 4,000 and 5,000¢m‘ hoterete. 'g plant silos should be of mixing. Cement should ‘upplied from approved on_in_writing _fror 'S of the corresponding 'y graded and shai! oot ‘purities of cement, ong stone pieces, n for wet process or 16 9 8mm. @_ should tung. ‘most suitable graging f the aggregales shail the dey process shalt and kept sufficiently Y 22 Wa RSOciATES -—— 'e08-2005,1 to achieve the required in Clause 9.3.8 of this ' field suitability tests to g to Clause 9.3.5.2. The shall be verified through naximum strength loss content shail be less than suitability tests shall not y weight. The dosage of raying in situ rete to prevent cement pen time from mixing to 1, @ suitable accelerator be compatible with the recommendation, ‘ol admixtures shall be | of the ENGINEER to shoterete properties as nix of the shotcrete to iprove the strength and lace the use of extemal be determined by field 3s Subject to theslag and silica fume for §ded, with the approval th additives shall be sts as described in Clause and recommended by the commendations shall be vroval before use of such abilty tests to meet the °s should be taken into ge, if any if any of the mix for optimum,not be less than 350 hall be 400 kg/m? day be agreed on site nent content shall be ed in the fietd, LOvaRSSOGR early strength class J2 ve use of Early Strengin eteusing the penetration > the Austrian Guideline ‘vm? should be used for 2.5 N/mm?. st 70 % of the specified he velues specified in all be determined at a te long term strength ‘ther investigations and Teva seosiaTES yer2005 BS + and the Quality Centro! ions. da length of 100mm areim strength (5% fractal). the specified strength by erground must be fitted portions specified and ye time of batching all y to result in a stable ranically with a pan type ompleted within a period ontrol admixture is used the time span required © must be approved by Ending: Sendards (6s AY oe athe; ie the time of delivery and completion NEER for inspection. nixtures shall be added SaLova Assouinves ~~ 19-90-3095 BO ortioned and added just ih a mechanical device Jin accordance with the 5 delivered by @ special zzle. Dosage pump andninimum temperature of lates for the dry process re rotor of the shotcrete ed against the influence 2se shall be acided at or aust be controlled to be \r pump calibration shall rer’s recommendations. xture of the accelerator dwithin a period of 120 idmixture is used that is me span required until rol admixtures shall be ntime. ainimum temperature of J the date, the time of delivery and completion NEER for inspection fore reted halle Caretutty 1s, It may be necessary splication is 1.0 to 1.5 urtace of application. TlOvARSSOCINTESlayer, then the previous 2 additional layer(s), At shall be embedded in of wire mesh and re-bars m of a5 shown on the cond layer shall not be overed with shoterete, with proper rounding of rock edges, the actual the specified thickness. ng of each shoterete tions due to separate round shall be removed, tion of shotcrete. worked back into the sound material. all be set up by the se may include visual pletion of shotcreting or the shotcrete shall be subject to the approval or to spraying or after roterete. yotcrete pump shall be rerally as per EFNARC is, man from eye and skin hall be provided. The dental contact shall beyas SUg¥s AeSocIATES Early and Final Strength shoterete applied in the rial mix shall be sprayed ons, At least 3 different tested following the ye of accelerator dosage tanufacturer. wdance with the actuat n? shall be determined ameter according to the an 1 and 16 N/mm? may valent) according to the shall be determined by the test panels shall be wes for strength testing urs after spraying. The sater until 3 days before ad be cut to a height of ‘es from the test panels ength requirements for nm’,kness of min. 150 mm y control.tests shall be od Sveiy'ta-days or ag iause 9342 of ths SCOVARSSOGATES NB.3t005 ed > of shotcrete applied, 2 ENGINEER. The early » Clause 9.3.5.2 of this he tunnel wall. Each 4 zal quantities, the in-situ ns shall be prepared by ng 1 to 2 days before and cut to a length of all exceed the strength ists by S Nimm?. The ess testing of the in-situ holes drilled on a tm? ed the specified dasign neasures and/or further ag at the pump, in orderWe taiyes smtp range 1d for design purposes, unnel. One set of cores “invert, away from the permeability of intact sding-bench joint and/or neability of construction Ith tests on cores taken the event “of cores not 2 of this Specification ‘SELOVA ASSOCIATES — 18-01-2005 yer transporting and placing he area ENGINEER may reduceye area alled as shown on the described and accepted Unit Rate quoted in the overbreak will be made rete to be paid for shall stalled at the specified the ENGINEER herein itements in accordance parate remuneration for elow applies. For face ad for widening of top a LOVAASSOCIAYES ‘18-01-2008 shall be measured by the 3 drawings andlor directeg ted with all its additionai he Bill of Quantities, dundary Surface A" ang 2 2 filling of that Overbreak | of Quantities. The cavity 1d shall be quantified andir the additional shoterete shall be included in the te for the widening of top rate item in the Bill of I be paid for at the Unit payment shall be full the CONTRACTOR’s of application surfaces, ng, curing and all costs any other contingencies holes backfill, 0 above is more than ayment shall be limited Contractor may spray found structures where 2 thickness of the steel the drawings for plain shail be used, ation of reinforcement thenwise requested by i) #6 Tova associates ¥8-01-2005