PHYSICAL SCIENCE

LOREN MARIE L. ACEBO

SHS TEACHER
REVIEW
We discussed about:
1.
2.
3.
4.
LESSON
1. Formation of Light Elements
2. Bigbang Nucleosynthesis
Learning Objectives:

1. Define Big bang Nucleosynthesis.

2. Explain the formation of the light elements in

the Big bang theory.
STRUCTURE OF HELIUM ATOM
BIGBANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
is the process of producing the light elements during the big
bang expansion. In the beginning, the universe was very hot that
matter was fully ionized and dissociated. Few seconds after the
start of the big bang, the universe was filled with protons,
neutrons, electrons, neutrinos, and positrons. After the first three
minutes, the universe cooled down to a point where atomic
nuclei can form. Protons and neutrons combined to form atomic
nuclei such as deuterium.
BINDING ENERGY
is the energy required to break down a
nucleus into its components. Therefore,
deuterium easily decayed upon formation.
When the temperature cooled down below 1010 K, deuterium nuclei
combined with other nuclei to form heavier ones.

Helium-3 was formed from the fusion of two deuterium nuclei and a
release of a neutron.
Tritium or hydrogen-3 was produced from the fusion of two
deuterium nuclei and a release of a proton.
Helium-4 was also synthesized from deuterium and
helium-3.
Helium-4 was produced from the fusion of deuterium
and tritium.
 For the first three minutes, a substantial amount
of neutrons was converted into helium-4 nuclei,
before their decay. Helium then combined to other
nuclei to form heavier ones such as lithium-7 and
beryllium-7.
Lithium-7 was synthesized from helium-4 and
tritium.
Beryllium-7 was produced from helium-3 and
helium-4.
Among the light elements formed, deuterium, helium-3,
helium-4, and lithium-7 were stable. Beryllium-7 was
unstable and decayed spontaneously to lithium-7.
Key Points
● Big bang nucleosynthesis is the process of light element
formation.
● The light elements that formed after the big bang were
helium, deuterium, and trace amounts of lithium and
beryllium.
● Deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 were
stable. On the other hand, beryllium-7 was unstable and
decayed spontaneously to lithium-7.
Direction: Draw the structure of the following equation given below.
Materials : Construction Paper, Long Bond paper, Permanent markers,
Colors ( neutron- blue, proton- red) , scissor, and glue
1. P+n 2H+Y
2. 2H+2H 3He+n
3. 2H+2H 3H+p
4. 2H+3He 4He+p
5. 2H+3H 4He+n
6. 4He+3H 7Li+y
7. 4He+3He 7Be+y
8. 7Be +n 7Li+p
ACTIVITY:

Online class:
-Each student will explain to the class the Big bang
nucleosynthesis

Modular class:
-Each student will memorize the Big bang
nucleosynthesis
 S S !
B LE
G OD
AND
YOU
AN K
TH